一类新型水产诱食剂的化学合成与应用研究

水产动物诱食促生长剂，既能改变饲料风味，提高摄食速度和摄食量，促进生长，提高饲料利用率，又能改善水产动物的健康，进而提高生产性能。因此，研究开发新型诱食促生长剂受到广大水产养殖工作者的密切关注，显示出重大的经济效益和社会效益。本文用二甲基硫醚和溴代羧酸为主要原料合成了诱食促生长剂──溴化羧乙基二甲基锍（缩写为CEDMS）、溴化羧甲基二甲基锍（缩写为CMDMS），并初步研究了这类化合物对鲤鱼生长的影响。1 合成试验1．1 主要试剂与仪器 二甲基硫醚、溴乙酸、β－溴丙酸（化学纯），三颈瓶、电磁搅拌器，回流冷凝管…     

新型水产诱食剂CEDMS的人工合成与应用研究

人工合成了新型水产诱食剂－溴化羧乙 基二甲基锍（缩写为CEDMS）含两个活性甲基，其结构与甜菜碱相似，并研究了它对鲤鱼生长的影响。水产动物诱食促生长剂，既能改变饲料风味，提高摄食速度和摄食量，促进生长，提高饲料利用率，又能改善水产动物的健康，进而提高生产性能，因此研究、开发新型诱食促生长剂便日益受到广大水产养殖工作者的密切关注，显示出巨大的经济效益和社会效益。本文用二甲基硫和β-溴代丙酸为主要原料合成了CEDMS，并初步研究了该合成产品对鲤鱼生长的影响。     

新型水产诱食剂CEDMS的合成与应用研究

以二甲基硫和β-溴代丙酸为主要原料合成了新型水产诱食剂—溴化羧乙基二甲基铳(缩写为CEDMS),并研究了它对鲤鱼生长的影响。     

S，S-二甲基-β-溴代丙酸噻亭作为动物诱食剂的研究和应用新进展

近年来．随着高密度集约化养殖业的蓬勃发展．在动物饲料中添加诱食剂以提高饲料产品的利用率是当前饲料生产中面临的主要技术问题之一。动物诱食促生长剂具有多方面的作用与效应。以水产动物诱食剂为例．一方面可以通过自身特殊的气味掩盖饲料中不良气味：另一方面．能加快水产动物的摄食速度．有效降低饲料损耗，提高饲料利用率，减少水体中饲料残饵．减少     

水产动物饲料中非营养性添加剂的研究与应用前景

本文综述了近年来水产动物配合饲料中的促生长剂、诱食剂、粘合剂、着色剂等非营养性添加剂的研究动态和发展趋势，为配合饲料的研制提供了基础资料。     

大蒜素—水产动物理想的饲料添加剂

大蒜素是大蒜的提取液或合成物，对水产动物有明显的诱食促生长作用，增强水产动物的免疫功能。在各种水产动物饲料中添加大蒜素，可提高水产动物的摄食量、饲料转化率和成活率，并能改善水产动物产品品质，是一种极有应用价值的绿色饲料添加剂。介绍了大蒜素在水产动物营养中的作用以及在渔业生产中的应用效果，并给出了适宜的使用剂量。     

8种中草药对锦鲤诱食活性的研究

<正>随着水产养殖由传统的自然放养转向高密度的集约化饲养,具有促进水产动物生长发育、改善饲料结构、保持饲料质量、帮助消化吸收和防制鱼类疾病等作用的功能饵料添加剂(如促生长剂、诱食剂、黏合剂和着色剂)需求量日益增加。     

水产饲料诱食剂的研究现状与展望

由于水产动物生活环境的特殊性，诱食剂在水产动物饲料中的运用显得尤其重要，作者对现阶段水产饲料诱食剂的开发利用现状作了一综述，主要体现在诱食剂的作用机理、功用、诱食剂的种类、诱食剂的研究方法等方面。旨在为开发新的诱食剂和为水产配合饲料科学配制、提高饲料的利用率提供参考依据。     

不同添加物对虾诱食活性的影响

在饲料中添加诱食物质,能刺激水产动物的嗅觉、味觉和视觉等,使它们聚集在饲料周围,从而提高动物的食欲,并促进摄食行为。因此,提高水产动物对饲料的嗜好性,是提高其摄食率,减少饲料浪费,提高饲料效率,增加养殖业经济效益的一个不可忽视的途径。本试验是在同一实用饲料中加人不同的诱食剂,来比较它们对对虾的不同诱食效果。本项诱食剂试验包括：生长试验和诱食试验。生长试验是通过将含有诱食剂的配合饲料喂养对虾,观察对虾的生长情况,测定其增重率和成活率等情况;诱食试验包括观察对虾的采食情况和对含有诱食剂的配合饲料的趋…     

“三维”诱食剂对断奶仔猪增重效果的研究

日粮中添加诱食剂的同时，添加适量的生长促进剂，可有效地改善饲料利用率。大蒜素为大蒜中的有效成分，是硫醇的衍生物，有特殊的香味，具有广谱抗菌性。大蒜素作为一种抑菌促生长剂，可增强机体免疫力，提高成活率，改善饲料风味，增强适口性，提高饲料消化利率。本试验旨在验证三维诱食剂对断奶仔猪生长的影响。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.