水稻耐盐育种研究进展

培育耐盐水稻品种是盐碱地的粮食作物增产和对盐碱地改良的重要途径之一。水稻对盐胁迫中度敏感,其耐(敏)盐性状是受多基因控制的数量性状,易受环境条件等因素影响。到2015年,利用AFLP、RFLP、SSR等分子标记手段在水稻12条染色体上定位的耐盐QTL已有250多个,其中以第1、2、6和7染色体上居多,但克隆的水稻耐盐基因相对较少。水稻耐盐品种的选育现仍以常规育种为主,即主要通过筛选耐盐种质及耐盐鉴定,再利用杂交和回交等方法将耐盐基因导入到优良水稻品种中,从而选育出综合性状优良的耐盐品种。本文阐述了国内外水稻种质耐盐性鉴定技术和指标、耐盐种质筛选、耐盐品种选育以及耐盐性的遗传及分子机理等研究进展,并对今后水稻耐盐育种研究工作提出了展望与建议。     

盐胁迫对水稻的影响及水稻耐盐育种研究

盐胁迫是盐渍化地区水稻生产的主要制约因素之一。盐胁迫对水稻的形态发育及生理生化代谢产生不利影响,其作用机理主要表现在渗透胁迫和离子毒害等。耐盐水稻品种的选育方法主要是筛选耐盐材料,将常规选育和转基因、分子标记辅助选择等现代生物技术相结合,选育耐盐性强且具有实用价值的品种。     

水稻耐盐分子机制与育种研究进展

盐碱土壤对水稻不同生长发育时期均形成盐胁迫,进而导致水稻产量降低。耐盐水稻选育是提高水稻产量的有效途径。本文分析了盐胁迫对水稻不同发育时期农艺性状的影响,并从渗透调节、离子应答、激素调控和活性氧清除四个方面综述了近年来水稻耐盐分子机制的研究进展。最后,本文总结了水稻耐盐育种现状,并对耐盐水稻新品种的选育和推广进行了展望。     

水稻耐盐育种研究进展

盐胁迫对作物的不利影响使作物生长受到抑制,进而影响产量和品质.水稻也是一样,其产量和品质也会受到盐分胁迫的不利影响.从耐盐水稻品种的选育、水稻耐盐的分子机制、耐盐基因的克隆、现代生物技术与耐盐水稻育种方面进行阐述,以期有助于表征未知的耐盐性机制并促进育种应用.     

转基因耐盐水稻研究

本文介绍了水稻耐盐转基因研究的意义,综述了目前应用于转基因水稻研究的耐盐基因种类和当前国内外耐盐转基因水稻的研究现状,并对耐盐转基因水稻的研究方向作了展望.     

水稻耐冷育种研究进展

从水稻耐冷资源的挖掘利用、耐冷相关基因的定位以及水稻耐冷育种等几个方面对水稻耐冷性研究作了阐述。     

水稻不同品种耐盐限度研究

对盘锦地区水稻的几个主栽品种及有生产潜力的新品系,在种子发芽和不同生育时期的耐盐临界浓度及不同盐分抑制条件下的水稻生长状况进行研究。结果表明:水稻种子耐盐能力排序为辽盐糯>辽粳294>盐丰47>辽盐188>辽优2006>辽粳263>沈农9765>辽盐166>辽粳138>辽盐92;在不同生育时期供试水稻品种的耐盐能力排序为:发芽期辽盐糯>辽粳294>盐丰47>辽盐188>辽优2006>辽粳263>沈农9765>辽盐166>辽粳138>辽盐92;分蘖期盐粳68>H522>H757>辽盐166>辽盐188>K20;拔节-抽穗期辽盐166>辽盐188>盐粳68>K20>H522>H757;成熟期辽盐166>辽盐188>盐粳68>H757>H522>K20。     

水稻耐冷性研究现状与展望

综述了近年来水稻耐冷性生理、遗传方面的研究进展，提出了耐冷性研究存在的问题，建议加强籼粳亚种间杂交稻的耐冷性遗传育种研究     

水稻耐盐碱的生理机制及育种策略

综述了盐碱环境对水稻不同生长发育时期的影响和盐碱胁迫下水稻应答的生理机制的研究进展,并为培育耐盐碱水稻品种提出了育种策略。     

耐盐优质高产水稻品种筛选

采用1.5％NaC1盐溶液幼苗胁迫,0.4％井盐水盐池灌溉及轻、中度盐碱地示范筛选方法,依据不同品种幼苗株高、鲜重、根数、根长及植株株高、穗长、结实率、千粒重、产量遭受盐碱危害程度筛选耐盐优质高产多抗水稻品种.试验筛选了盐粳218、盐粳939等6个耐盐优质高产水稻品种.     

小麦的耐盐性及其改良研究进展

盐碱地是影响作物生产的主要因素,培育耐盐小麦品种是有效利用盐碱地、提高经济效益的最佳途径。就小麦耐盐机理、耐盐性鉴定方法、种质鉴定与品种选育、外源基因利用、耐盐性遗传和耐盐基因克隆等6个方面的研究现状进行了简要概述,提出了进一步改良小麦耐盐性的方法和对策。     

水稻耐盐研究进展及展望

水稻是一种对盐碱中度敏感的作物,土壤盐碱化是限制盐碱稻作区水稻生产稳定发展的主要因素,通过深入开展水稻耐盐碱性研究,了解水稻耐盐碱生理机理、遗传差异,盐碱胁迫对水稻生长发育的影响,以及提高水稻耐盐的方法,对发挥水稻品种在盐碱稻作区的产量潜力,保证盐碱稻作区粮食的安全生产具有十分重要的意义。     

外界K＋水平对水稻幼苗耐盐性的影响

外界Ｋ~＋水平对水稻幼苗耐盐性的影响晏斌，戴秋杰（江苏省农业科学院，南京２１００１４）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＥｘｔｅｒｎａｌＫ~＋ＬｅｖｅｌｏｎＳａｌｔＴｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｏｆＲｉｃｅＳｅｅｄｌｉｎｇｓ￥ＹＡＮＢｉｎ，ＤＡＩＱｉｕｊｉｅ（ＪｉａｎｇｓｕＡｃａｄ...     

Stress-Activated Protein Kinase OsSAPK7 Regulates Salt-Stress Tolerance by Modulating Diverse Stress-Defensive Responses in Rice

Soil salinity is an environmental threat limiting rice productivity. Identification of salinity tolerance genes and exploitation of their mechanisms in plants are vital for crop breeding. In this study, the function of stress-activated protein kinase 7(OsSAPK7), a SnRK2 family member, was characterized in response to salt stress in rice. Compared with variety 9804, OsSAPK7-overexpression plants had a greater survival rate, increased chlorophyll and proline contents, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities at the seedling stage under salt-stress conditions, as well as decreased sodium potassium ratio(Na~+/K~+) and malondialdehyde contents. After salt stress, the OsS APK7 knockout plants had lower survival rates, increased Na~+/K~+ ratios and malomdiadehyde contents, and decreased physiological parameters compared with 9804. These changes in transgenic lines suggested that OsSAPK7 increased the salt tolerance of rice by modulating ion homeostasis, redox reactions and photosynthesis. The results of RNA-Seq indicated that genes involved in redox-dependent signaling pathway, photosynthesis and zeatin synthesis pathways were significantly down-regulated in the OsSAPK7 knockout line compared with 9804 under salt-stress condition, which confirmed that OsSAPK7 positively regulated salt tolerance by modulating diverse stress-defensive responses in rice. These findings provided novel insights for the genetic improvement of rice and for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of salt-stress tolerance.     

日本水稻育种目标

日本水稻育种以农业.食品产业技术综合研究机构的六个农业研究中心为主。育种目标主要是培育具有优良食味、品质及抗病性强、产量高的主食用品种,同时进行糯稻、酒米稻、饲用稻及适于直播的品种的选育。并重视低直链淀粉含量、低蛋白质含量、富含-γ氨基丁酸(GABA)以及特殊用途米的品种选育。     

辽宁省水稻生产育种研究现状及展望

水稻是辽宁省仅次于玉米的第二大粮食作物,辽宁是东北大米的主产区之一,辽宁省水稻产量的稳定提高对于确保粮食安全、改善人民生活水平具有重要的意义。本文综述了辽宁省水稻生产和育种研究现状,明确了辽宁省水稻生产的地位和作用以及其水稻种植区划,回顾了水稻育种研究进展和品种更替过程,对未来水稻育种发展提出展望。     

Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Crops Through Molecular Breeding: A New Strategy

SUMMARY

Salinity limits crop production in many rainfed ecosystems and is an increasing problem in irrigated areas. Developing and developed countries alike need more efficient methods of enhancing salt tolerance in crops. The traditional breeding approach consists of (i) screening germplasm collections for donors of salt tolerance, (ii) crossing a donor with an elite line and advancing the F₁ hybrid to about the F₇ or F₈ generation while selecting for elite traits, and concurrently (iii) selecting for salt tolerance starting at about the F₄ generation. The low efficiency of this pedigree approach is due principally to the difficulty of recovering elite genotypes with salt tolerance traits, the genetic complexity of salt tolerance, and the strength of genotype × environment interactions (GEI). Advances in genomics are making possible an alternative approach in which a pre-breeding phase is used to pyramid several known genes and finely mapped major QTLs for complementary aspects of salt tolerance. The known genes can include transgenes modified by deliberate mutation or promoter switching. DNA-based selection protocols that are used to pyramid these genes are again employed during the breeding phase to transfer the entire set of genes for salt tolerance into any elite line by backcrossing. Breeding efficiency is increased because (i) elite traits are more easily recovered by backcrossing than by the pedigree approach, (ii) the genetic complexity of salt tolerance is reduced to a small set of well-defined genes and loci of large effect, (iii) the confounding effects of GEI are eliminated from the breeding phase, and (iv) the investment in gene discovery and QTL mapping can be recouped by transferring the same set of genes to a range of recipient lines that require salt tolerance. Efficiency will increase over time as more genes are added to the gene set and as QTL are replaced by the corresponding gene. Here we summarize the scientific advances underlying this new strategy, which should be applicable to other complex traits such as drought tolerance, durable resistance to pests and diseases, yield potential and product quality.     

辽宁省水稻育种研究现状及发展思路

概述了辽宁省水稻生产现状,并介绍了从1949年到现在辽宁省品种演进过程及水稻品种演进的启示。对辽宁省水稻育种科研条件和水稻育种方法及技术手段进行了简要介绍。针对辽宁省水稻育种工作中存在的品种资源研究方法简单、手段单一、不够深入,应用基础研究较少、研究经费相对不足,品种遗传基础单一,育种手段和技术相对落后,杂交粳稻发展缓慢等问题,提出加强科研队伍建设,建立大课题攻关网络,设立品种资源研究专项资金,加强应用基础研究工作,改进传统育种方法,加强杂交稻不育系细胞质新质源的研究和利用,加强杂交稻新组合和水稻新品种的选育等工作思路及建议。     

大麦耐盐性鉴定方法及耐盐机理研究进展

盐分胁迫是导致作物减产的主要非生物因素之一,大麦是公认的耐盐性较强的作物之一,其耐盐机理复杂。本文简要评述了近年来国内外鉴定大麦耐盐性的主要方法,并对大麦耐盐机理进展做了综述。