撒坝猪乳头数遗传力及其与繁殖性能关系的研究

本研究对 4个世代共 577头撒坝猪的乳头数进行了分析 ,并用HARVEY程序对乳头数的遗传力进行了估计 ,同时利用 1 2 8头有繁殖性能记录的母猪资料对乳头数与繁殖性状的关系进行了分析。结果表明 ,各世代的乳头数存在着显著差异 ,且逐代均有显著提高 ;乳头数的遗传力为 0 .331 ;乳头数与总产仔数和活产仔数间遗传相关和表型相关均为负值 ,与初生窝重、2 0日窝重、断奶仔数和断奶窝重间则存在着正的遗传相关和表型相关 ;乳头数与所有繁殖性状的环境相关都较弱 ( -0 .0 0 2～ 0 .0 94 )     

撒坝猪专门化母系繁殖性状的相关与通径分析

利用撒坝猪专门化母系 7个世代共 576头母猪的繁殖性能数据 ,对总产仔数 (x1 )、活产仔数 (x2 )、初生窝重 (x3)、 2 0日龄窝重 (x4 )、断奶窝重 (x5)、育成率 (x6 )和断奶仔数 (y) 7个繁殖性状进行了相关和通径分析 ,并在此基础上建立了估计断奶仔数的最优回归方程。结果表明 ,撒坝猪专门化母系的繁殖性能在经过 7个世代的选育后 ,获得了明显提高。各繁殖性状间在表型值上都存在不同程度的相关 ,其中以总产仔数与活产仔数的相关程度最高 (r=0 92 0 1 ) ,其次为 2 0日龄窝重与断奶仔数 (r=0 82 88) ,而初生窝重与育成率间的相关系数最低 (r=0 0 381 )。在所分析的 7个性状中 ,除了总产仔数和活产仔数与育成率间为负相关外 ,其余性状间均为正相关。所建立的估计断奶仔数的多元回归方程为 :y=- 6 1 1 90 +0 6986x2 +0 0 33 7x4 +0 0 0 4 8x5+0 0 71 8x6 。     

新荣昌猪Ⅰ系繁殖性状遗传参数估测

本研究利用新荣昌猪Ⅰ系继代选育群1990-1995年繁殖母猪（N＝27G初产）性能测定资料，应用Harvey程序（1990）进行统计处理，估计出新荣昌猪Ⅰ系繁殖性状的遗传参数。繁殖性状的遗传力分别是：总产仔数0．15、活产仔数0．16、育成率0．14、初生窝重0．17、初生个体重0．20、20日龄窝重0．08、断奶窝重0．19、断奶仔数0．07、断奶个体重0．08。绝大多数繁殖性状间都存在较强的遗传相关。活产仔数与总仔数、初生窝重20日龄窝重、断奶窝重、断奶仔数问的遗传相关分别是0．77、0．74、0．67、0．48、0．44；断奶窝重与所有繁殖性状间都存在着较强的遗传正相关。     

高原瘦肉型猪白系选育群主要繁殖性能遗传参数的估测

本文测定了高原瘦肉型猪白系选育群几个世代的主要繁殖性能的表型参数,对遗传力及表型相关进行了估测.估测结果表明:繁殖性能的变异比较大,特别是断奶时的指标;遗传力除断奶窝重和乳头数外,其他性能均在0.2以下;繁殖性能间存在着较强的相关关系,其中断奶窝重与初生窝重呈正显著相关(P<0.05),且与产仔数、活产仔数、30日龄断奶头数均呈正极显著相关(P<0.01).     

深县猪繁殖性状遗传参数的估计

应用动物个体模型和ASReml软件分析109头深县母猪繁殖性状的遗传参数,结果表明:总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、断奶窝重、初生重和断奶重的遗传力分别是0.165、0.024、0.21、0.086、0.018和0.121,性状之间的遗传相关程度差别较大,遗传相关系数在-0.24~0.98之间,表型相关系数在-0.15~0.89之间。结果说明,深县猪的繁殖性能优良,产仔数高但差别大,尚需进一步探究影响繁殖性状的环境和遗传因素。     

法系獭兔数量性状遗传参数估计

用单元内同胞相关法对法系獭兔3个世代的繁殖性状和生长发育性状进行了遗传力估计，并对6月龄的体重体尺进行了相关分析。结果表明：产仔数（0．15）和初生窝重（0．20）属中等遗传力性状；21日龄个体重（0．42）、32日龄断奶个体重（0．38）及成活数（0．42）皆属高遗传性状；3月龄体重（0．37）及体尺（0．28－0．37）属较高遗传力性状，而6月龄的相应性状遗传力值（0．47－0．63）明显地高于3月龄。3月龄体重与6月龄体重、6月龄体尺间皆有很高的遗传相关（0．81－0．96）和表型相关（0．46－0．79）。     

断奶至配种间隔的遗传参数估计及影响因素分析

本研究旨在对断奶至配种间隔(下文简称"断配间隔")进行表型与遗传分析,探究其与各繁殖性状之间的相关,为其在育种中应用奠定基础。试验选取某核心场近6年繁殖记录,围绕断配间隔性状,对不同品种共7 843条繁殖记录进行影响因素的分析;利用DMU软件和动物模型估计了大白猪产后1周之内断奶发情间隔共3 297条繁殖记录断配间隔、总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重和仔猪均匀度的遗传力;并评估了各性状之间的表型和遗传相关。结果表明:胎次、母猪分娩季节和断奶日龄均对断配间隔有极显著影响(P0.01),不同水平总产仔数有显著影响(P0.05),品种效应接近显著;断配间隔、总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重和仔猪均匀度遗传力分别为0.046、0.077、0.093、0.110和0.047;断配间隔与产仔性能表型相关接近于0,遗传相关呈弱的正相关;与仔猪均匀度表型和遗传相关均呈弱的负相关。可见,总产仔数越多,断奶至配种间隔越长;仔猪均匀度越差,断配间隔反而越短。因此,在提高总产仔数的同时,应综合考虑对断奶发情间隔的选择。     

仔猪均匀度表型及遗传分析

本研究旨在对仔猪均匀度进行表型与遗传分析,探究其与各繁殖性状之间的相关,为其在育种中应用奠定基础。试验选取某核心场近6年产仔记录,利用DMU软件和动物模型估计了仔猪均匀度的加性方差、与配公猪效应方差和永久环境效应方差,计算各品种该性状遗传力;并评估了大白猪仔猪均匀度与主要繁殖性状(总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、断奶仔猪数和21日龄窝重)之间的表型和遗传相关。结果表明:品种、胎次和母猪分娩年季对仔猪均匀度均有显著影响(P0.05);大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪遗传力分别达到0.059、0.065和0.027,与配公猪效应变化范围为0.008~0.014,永久环境效应变化范围为0.000~0.017;此外,表型与遗传相关结果较为接近,仔猪均匀度与总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重呈中等正相关,与断奶仔猪数和21日龄窝重相关均接近于0。随着产仔数的增加,仔猪整齐度逐渐减小。因此,在增加产仔数的同时,应考虑对仔猪均匀度的选择。     

辽宁绒山羊繁殖性状遗传参数的研究

本文应用EXCEL2004软件和SAS6.12软件对辽宁绒山羊繁殖性状进行统计和分析,结果为：辽宁绒山羊的产羔数、产活羔数、断奶只数、断奶窝重、初生窝重、初生个体重、断奶个体重等主要繁殖性状的遗传力分别为0．147、0．126、0．182、0．250、0．318、0．384、0．369,说明除产羔数、产活羔数、断奶只数外,其他性状均属中等遗传力;繁殖性状中,产羔数、产活羔数、断奶只数、初生窝重、断奶窝重等性状的表型相关和遗传相关均为强正相关,窝性状与个体性状呈负遗传相关;初生个体重、断奶个体重与其他5个性状间呈弱正相关或弱负相关。     

杂谈猪的遗传改良——冻精与批次分娩对大白猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计或繁殖性能的影响

本研究旨在分析影响大白猪繁殖性能因素(批次管理体系和精液类型)与遗传参数估计,为目标群体的遗传评估及生产管理奠定理论基础。利用DMU和ASREML软件分析2 026头大白母猪共4 512窝繁殖记录,涉及4个繁殖性状(总产仔数、产活仔数、21日龄窝重和断奶仔猪数)。结果表明:大白猪4个繁殖性状的遗传力估计值均在0.10左右,各性状间均成强正遗传相关(0.54以上)。精液类型(鲜精和冻精)效应对断奶仔猪数和21日龄窝重影响不显著(P>0.05),对总产仔数和产活仔数影响显著(P<0.05),其中冻精在总产仔数和产活仔数上较鲜精均少1头左右(P<0.05)。批次管理体系研究表明,由单周批次管理体系转变为4周批次管理体系后,母猪繁殖性能有所下降,产活仔数、断奶仔数猪和21日龄窝重分别下降0.51头、0.61头和10.13 kg。     

莆田黑猪繁殖性状的通径分析

本文对莆田黑猪206头初产母猪的繁殖性状进行了相关和通径分析,并分析了各繁殖性状对断乳窝重的直接影响和间接影响以及决定程度的大小.结果表明,莆田黑猪繁殖性状间在表犁值上都存在不同程度的相关,其中以产活仔数与初生窝重的表犁相关系数最高(0.943);影响断乳窝重的主要因素大小依次是20日龄窝重、产活仔数、20日龄个体重、初生窝重、初生重、乳头数和产仔数.揭示了莆田黑猪各繁殖性状问的真实关系.     

Heritability and genetic correlation estimates of semen production traits with litter traits and pork production traits in purebred Duroc pigs

We estimated heritabilities of semen production traits and their genetic correlations with litter traits and pork production traits in purebred Duroc pigs. Semen production traits were semen volume, sperm concentration, proportion of morphologically normal sperms, total number of sperm, and total number of morphologically normal sperm. Litter traits at farrowing were total number born, number born alive, number stillborn, total litter weight at birth, mean litter weight at birth, and piglet survival rate at birth. Litter traits at weaning were litter size at weaning, total litter weight at weaning, mean litter weight at weaning, and piglet survival rate from birth to weaning. Pork production traits were average daily gain, backfat thickness, and loin muscle area. We analyzed 45,913 semen collection records of 896 boars, 6,950 farrowing performance records of 1,400 sows, 2,237 weaning performance records of 586 sows, and individual growth performance records of 9,550 animals measured at approximately 5 mo of age. Heritabilities were estimated using a single-trait animal model. Genetic correlations were estimated using a 2-trait animal model. Estimated heritabilities of semen production traits ranged from 0.20 for sperm concentration to 0.29 for semen volume and were equal to or higher than those of litter traits, ranging from 0.06 for number stillborn and piglet survival rate at birth to 0.25 for mean litter weight at birth, but lower than those of pork production traits, ranging from 0.50 for average daily gain to 0.63 for backfat thickness. In many cases, the absolute values of estimated genetic correlations between semen production traits and other traits were smaller than 0.3. These estimated genetic parameters provide useful information for establishing a comprehensive pig breeding scheme.     

封闭群五指山小型猪主要繁殖性状的多重回归与通径分析

试验选取45头普通级封闭群五指山小型猪初产母猪,测定总产仔数(X1)、初生活仔数(X2)、初生窝重(X3)、初生个体重(X4)、21 d活仔数(X5)、21 d窝重(X6)、21 d个体重(X7)、断奶活仔数(X8)、断奶个体重(X9)和断奶窝重(Y)等10个繁殖性状表型值,并对各繁殖性状表型值进行相关、回归及通径分析,以揭示母猪繁殖性状间的真实关系。结果显示,封闭群五指山小型猪的绝大多数繁殖性状的表型值间存在显著正相关,有3对性状间存在较弱负相关。通过多重回归分析建立的估计断奶窝重的多元回归方程为:Y=－4.98690－2.61933X5+1.13628X6－7.55296X7+3.33048X8+6.74545X9,并且形成了三因素水平的性状间因果关系层次。通径分析剖析了相关性状间的直接效应和间接效应,显示X5~X9对断奶窝重有显著性直接影响,表明母猪的泌乳力和营养水平对其繁殖性能有显著影响,先天性繁殖性状对繁殖性能影响较小。     

Genetic correlations between growth and reproductive traits in Zandi sheep

For the first time, the current study reports the genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth and reproductive traits in Zandi sheep. The data were comprised of 4,309 records of lamb growth traits from 1,378 dams and 273 sires plus 2,588 records of reproductive traits from 577 ewes. These data were extracted from available performance records at Khojir Breeding Station of Zandi sheep in Tehran, Iran, from 1993 to 2008. Correlations were estimated from two animal models in a bivariate analysis using restricted maximum likelihood procedure between lamb growth traits [birth weight (BW), weaning weight at 3 months of age (WW), as well as six-month weight (6 MW)] and ewe reproductive traits [litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB), and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW)]. The genetic correlations between BW and reproductive traits varied from low to high ranges from 0.10 for BW–LSB to 0.86 for BW–TLWB. WW was moderately (0.37) to highly (0.96) correlated with all the reproductive traits. Moreover, the genetic correlations were observed between 6 MW and reproductive traits, varied from 0.19 to 0.95. Relationships between growth and reproductive traits ranged from 0.01 for BW–LSW to 0.28 for BW–TLWB in phenotypic effects. Results indicated that selection to improve WW would have high effect on genetic response in TLWW, and also, these results could be effective for all of the reproductive traits in Zandi sheep.     

藏猪繁殖性状遗传参数分析

藏猪是中国特有的高原型地方猪种,本研究采用非求导约束最大似然（MTDFREML）方法对藏猪繁殖性状进行遗传分析。结果估算出藏猪乳头数、总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、断奶仔数、断奶窝重的遗传力分别为0.36、0.12、0.10、0.13、0.09和0.12,乳头数与断奶窝重、初生窝重和断奶仔数存在明显的遗传力相关。     

Genetic correlations between lean growth and litter traits in U.S. Yorkshire,Duroc, Hampshire,and Landrace pigs

The objective of this study was to estimate breed-specific genetic correlations between lean growth and litter traits for four U.S. swine breeds. Records for lean growth and litter traits on Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace pigs collected between 1990 and April 2000 in herds on the National Swine Registry Swine Testing and Genetic Evaluation System were analyzed. A bivariate animal model and restricted maximum likelihood procedures were used to estimate genetic and environmental correlations between lean growth rate, days to 113.5 kg, backfat, and loin muscle area with litter traits of number born alive, litter weight at 21 d, and number weaned. Most genetic correlation estimates between lean growth and litter traits were small in magnitude and consistent across breeds. Backfat had the largest within-breed genetic correlations with number born alive (0.18 to 0.20) and litter weight at 21 d (-0.27 to -0.30). Estimates of genetic correlations between lean growth traits and number weaned were very small. Estimates of the environmental correlations between lean growth and litter traits also were very small for all traits and for all four breeds. Results indicate that selection for lean growth traits could have a long-term effect on litter traits. Including lean growth traits in a maternal-line evaluation using a multiple-trait model could increase the accuracy of the genetic evaluation for litter traits.