柔嫩艾美耳球虫G6-PI基因的克隆、序列分析与原核表达

为研究柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶(glucose-6-phosphate isomerase,G6-PI)的生化特性,本研究对其基因进行了克隆和原核表达。根据NCBI已公布的E.tenella Houghton株G6-PI的基因序列(GI:298161921)设计特异性引物,运用RT-PCR方法扩增EtG6-PI基因序列,并将其克隆到表达载体pColdI、pCold43a中,构建重组质粒pColdIEtG6-PI、pCold43a-EtG6-PI,经测序鉴定正确后,将其转化感受态细胞E.coli Rosetta(DE3),并进行IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,E.tenella G6-PI的ORF序列(1650 bp),编码550个氨基酸;重组菌pColdI-EtG6-PI、pCold43a-EtG6-PI均能成功诱导表达,其中pCold43a-EtG6-PI表达部分可溶性蛋白,表达产物纯化后可用于酶生化特性分析。柔嫩艾美耳球虫G6-PI基因的成功克隆表达为该酶的功能研究奠定了基础。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫二氢乳清酸脱氢酶基因注释、克隆与原核表达

二氢乳清酸脱氢酶(DHODH)是催化嘧啶从头合成途径中的关键酶,由于顶复门原虫等低等生物与其宿主的DHODH在分子结构上的差异,可以作为研发新型抗顶复门原虫药物的靶标而成为研究的热点.本研究利用电子克隆策略,以疟原虫DHODH氨基酸基因序列为信息探针,搜索球虫基因库(www.sanger,ac.uk/projects/E-tenella/),拼接注释了柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)DHODH的基因序列,以E.tenella广东株第2代裂殖子总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术扩增获得EtDHODH ORF基因序列.构建重组表达载体pCold Ⅰ-EtDHODH,进行原核表达.测序结果显示,EtDHODH的基因大小为1254 bp,SDS-PAGE鉴定结果表明,目的蛋白约45 ku.本研究重组表达并纯化了EtDHODH基因,为建立以EtDHODH为靶点的抗球虫药物筛选奠定了基础.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7-IL-2重组酵母蛋白的表达及其免疫效果评价

为了研究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella) SO7重组酵母蛋白的表达及其免疫保护效果,试验用E.tenella的保护性抗原基因SO7与鸡IL-2基因串联在毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA中进行表达,用Western-blot检测表达是否成功。分别以重组酵母全菌体破碎蛋白和诱导表达纯化的重组酵母蛋白免疫鸡只,并以1×10~4个/只柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊进行攻虫,观察免疫保护效果。结果表明:诱导后的重组酵母全菌蛋白pPICZαA-SO7-IL2成功表达;两种蛋白抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为175.48,174.35,说明pPICZαA-SO7-IL2对感染鸡只具有较高的抗球虫效果。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫棒状体颈部蛋白EtRON2基因的克隆及序列分析

预测并克隆柔嫩艾美耳球虫棒状体颈部蛋白2 (EtRON2)基因,分析其结构特点及与顶复门其他虫属间的差异.本研究利用生物信息学和比较基因组学技术注释拼接得到柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)棒状体颈部蛋白2(EtRON2)的基因序列,用RT-PCR方法扩增出Etron2全长ORF；以E.tenella 子...     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫Serpin基因真核表达载体的构建及其瞬时表达

为了解柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella) Serpin基因的生物学特性,本研究采用PCR技术扩增去除信号肽后的Serpin基因,得到1 204 bp的特异性片段,并构建重组表达质粒pVAX1-Serpin,将其瞬时转染HeLa细胞.间接免疫荧光检测表明Serpin基因在HeLa细胞中得到了表达,western blot显示表达蛋白分子量约为47 ku,具有较好的反应原性.该研究结果为E.tenella Serpin核酸疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫杨凌株3-1E基因的克隆、表达与蛋白结构预测

应用PCR技术,从柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)孢子化卵囊子孢子cDNA表达文库中扩增得到鸡E.tenella杨凌株(YL)子孢子表面抗原3-1E基因。序列分析表明,E.tenella YL 3-1E基因的开放阅读框(ORF)为513个碱基,编码170个氨基酸,与报道的E.tenella甘肃株(GS)3-1E基因相似性为99.8%,两者推导的氨基酸序列相似性为99.4%;而与文献报道的堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)美国株(US)3-1E基因序列的相似性为98.8%,推导的氨基酸序列相似性为98.8%。利用生物信息学和分子生物学软件对3-1E基因编码的蛋白进行结构预测,结果表明,该蛋白为结构松散的球状蛋白。将3-1E基因亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建pGEX-3-1E重组质粒并在大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,表明成功地表达出了分子量为44.7 ku的融合蛋白。该研究为球虫基因工程疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫河北株致病性检测及ITS-1基因序列分析

为分析鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)河北株的致病性及其ITS-1基因序列遗传变异特点,对临床分离的柔嫩艾美耳球虫河北株通过人工感染雏鸡试验验证其致病性,并计算其半数致死量(LD_(50)),采用RT-PCR对柔嫩艾美耳球虫河北株的ITS-1基因进行扩增、克隆,测序后进行生物信息学分析其基因序列变异情况。结果显示:柔嫩艾美耳球虫河北株对雏鸡有较强的致病性,其LD_(50)为3.16×10~4个/只;柔嫩艾美耳球虫河北株的ITS-1基因与GenBank登录的柔嫩艾美耳球虫ETSH4PF3-17株和柔嫩艾美耳球虫上海株的相似性在97.7%～99.0%之间,系统发育进化树分析显示柔嫩艾美耳球虫河北株与GenBank发表的柔嫩艾美耳球虫ETSH4PF3-17株和柔嫩艾美耳球虫上海株聚为一支,亲缘性最近,与其它虫株亲缘性较远;与GenBank发表的柔嫩艾美耳球虫ETSH4PF3-17株序列相比,柔嫩艾美耳球虫河北株的ITS-1基因序列中在第4、13、16、425位4个碱基发生缺失;第258、348位2个碱基发生变异,由C变为T,由G变为T。研究结果为进一步研究柔嫩艾美耳球虫河北株遗传变异情况提供参考依据。     

鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫HAP2基因的克隆与原核表达

为研究鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫(E.tenella)HAP2(hapless2/generative cell-specific)蛋白的抗原性,根据Gen?Bank发表的HAP2基因的cDNA序列(Gene ID:25252561)ORF设计1对引物,用RT-PCR方法从柔嫩艾美耳球虫配子体总RNA中扩增HAP2基因,将扩增产物与pMD18-T载体连接后进行测序和序列分析,将测序正确的HAP2基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pET32a,转化宿主菌E.coli RGB,在IPTG诱导下进行原核表达。结果在20℃诱导12 h条件下成功表达了HAP2融合蛋白大小为41 ku,并应用磁珠纯化的方法纯化了重组蛋白,获得了HAP2融合蛋白,为进一步研究HAP2的抗原性奠定基础。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫杨凌株3-1E基因表达产物的初步免疫效果研究

用柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella子孢子表面抗原基因原核细胞表达产物免疫雏鸡,观察其对球虫攻击的免疫保护作用.将可溶性重组蛋白和包涵体重组蛋白经肌肉注射分别于7日龄、14日龄两次免疫罗曼小公雏,同时设攻虫对照组和空白对照组,于第2次免疫后1周(28日龄)用1 ×104个E.tenella卵囊进行攻毒,观察其诱导产生的保护力.结果表明,3-1E可溶性蛋白组免疫无论从卵囊计数、盲肠病变计分和相对增重均优于包涵体免疫组.说明3-1E基因在大肠杆菌中的表达产物对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的攻击有一定的免疫保护作用.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫表面抗原SAG2基因的克隆与表达

根据生物信息学预测的基因序列设计引物,应用RT-PCR方法从柔嫩艾美耳球虫第二代裂殖子总RNA扩增获得了鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫表面抗原2(surface antigen 2,SAG2)基因序列,将其与pGEM-T easy载体连接后转化E.coliDH5α,筛选阳性克隆,以带有限制酶切位点的特异性引物用PCR方法扩增不含SAG2 N端信号肽序列的ORF序列后克隆至表达载体pET-32 a(+),构建了重组表达质粒pET-32 a(+)-SAG2,并将其转化至E.coliBL21(DE3)。经IPTG诱导,获得了SAG2重组抗原在大肠杆菌的高效表达,重组蛋白的表达量约占菌体总蛋白的35%,融合蛋白的分子量约为47 ku。菌体经超声处理后进行SDS-PAGE分析表明,表达蛋白以包涵体的形式存在。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.