几种免疫佐剂对产蛋鸡免疫增强作用的比较试验

将鸡腔上囊提取物、复方中药和左旋咪唑分别按一定比例加到鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗接种产蛋鸡群。结果显示，３个试验组鸡的外周血白细胞中淋巴细胞比例都较高，均能早期诱导鸡群产生高水平新城疫抗体，但加入腔上囊提取物接种的鸡免疫维持期更长。     

复方中药提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨复方中药提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:煎煮中药饮片提取中药有效成分;设计急性毒性实验,确定该复方中药提取物的毒性大小。测定不同质量浓度、不同时期复方中药提取物对小鼠的淋巴细胞增殖和血液学指标的影响。结果:该复方中药提取物属于实际无毒物质,且在不同的时间点能刺激外周血淋巴增殖或脾脏淋巴细胞增殖,尤其是1.0g/mL药物质量浓度组促进淋巴细胞增殖作用明显,促进小鼠红细胞和白细胞的增长明显。结论:该复方中药提取物可以促进小鼠淋巴细胞增殖,提高机体的免疫能力。     

中药复方提取物及其配合抗生素对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的疗效观察

挑选自然感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的猪130头,分为中药复方提取物配合抗生素(头孢噻肟钠)组、中药复方提取物组、干扰素组、抗生素(头孢噻肟钠)组和空白对照组。中药复方提取物配合抗生素组用中药复方提取物灌服给药和头孢噻肟钠肌肉注射,中药复方提取物组用中药复方提取物灌服给药,干扰素组用干扰素肌肉注射,抗生素组肌肉注射头孢噻肟钠,空白对照组不给药,于处理后1周统计疗效。治疗结果表明:中药复方提取物配合抗生素组的治愈率和总有效率显著高于中药复方提取物组、干扰素组、空白对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05);A中药复方提取物组与西药对照组和空白对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),但和干扰素相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论,中草药提取物及其配合抗生素对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征有很好的疗效,且中草药提取物配合抗生素的效果优于单独使用中草药提取物。     

复方中药对鸡新城疫、禽流感抗体效价的影响

为研究复方中药对鸡新城疫、禽流感抗体效价的影响,选择120只试验鸡,随机分成4组,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ饲料中添加0.5％、1.0％、1.5％的复方中药,对照组不添加任何药物,分别于免疫后10、20、30 d测定HI抗体效价,并进行t检验.结果试验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ2种抗体效价与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);试验组Ⅱ与Ⅲ差异不显著;试验组Ⅰ与对照组差异不显著.表明复方中药对鸡新城疫、禽流感抗体效价的提高有明显的促进作用,经筛选,1.0％为适宜添加量.     

控制产房仔猪蓝耳病的成功案例

为研究复方中药提取物对猪蓝耳病的控制效果,在合理饲养管理和严格生物安全措施的前提下,母猪料添加复方中药提取物3 kg/t,综合分析病原学检查和抗体检测结果,表明复方中药提取物能加强母猪自身清除病毒的能力,减少/避免其通过胎盘、奶水及分泌物等途径传播病毒给胎儿、仔猪,对快速控制产房仔猪蓝耳病具有显著效果。     

中药复方提取物的抗病毒效果试验

近期,郑州周边部分肉鸡养殖户遭遇鸡传染性法氏囊炎与非典型新城疫混合感染,25～35日龄突然发病,主要症状为食欲减退,缩颈嗜眠,重症者出现扭头、伏地、软腿等神经症状,排乳白、黄、绿色稀粪,发病率达60%,死亡率达15%。结合剖检病理变化特点、实验室病毒学、细菌学和血清学检测,确诊为传染性法氏囊病和非典型新城疫感染。采用中药复方提取物治疗取得良好效果。中药复方提取物中药制剂,具有清热解毒、行气化血、宣肺祛痰、补脾益气、生津止渴等功效,本试验观察了中药复方提取物对鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)和非典型新城疫病毒(NDV)的抑制作用,证明中药复方提取物具有明显的抗病毒效果。     

复方中药提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液指标及肉质的影响

为探讨复方中药提取物对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液理化指标及肉质的影响,试验选择仔猪72头,分为空白对照组、抗生素组和中药提取物组3组。试验期分为前期(32 d)、中期(75 d)和后期(108 d)3个阶段。结果表明:复方中药提取物在各阶段及全程均提高了育肥猪的平均日增重,降低了发病率,而抗生素只有在前期效果较明显;复方中药提取物组总蛋白(TP)在试验前期显著高于对照组(P0.05),复方中药提取物组白蛋白(Al B)在各阶段均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而抗生素组只有前期显著高于对照组(P0.05);复方中药提取物组尿素氮(BUN)在前期与中期均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。复方中药提取物对p H24h、肉色的a*和b*、大理石纹、失水率和肌肉嫩度均有显著改善效果。     

中药复方对海兰褐蛋公鸡免疫功能疗效研究

探讨中草药提取物对海兰褐蛋公鸡免疫功能的影响。将300只鸡,分为5个组,分别为对照组,复方1组,复方2组,复方3组,复方4组,分别测定免疫器官指数和Ig G、IL-4含量。结果表明,复方3中药提取物免疫器官指数与对照组差异显著(P0.01),复方1、复方3中药提取物与对照组相比,Ig G差异显著(P0.01),复方3提取物IL-4差异显著(P0.01)。因此,复方3中药提取物对海兰褐蛋鸡的免疫功能有较好的促进作用。     

中药复方“促孕散”不同溶剂提取物对小鼠生殖器官发育影响研究

目的:筛选中药复方"促孕散"主要活性成分。方法:比较中药复方"促孕散"石油醚提取物、乙醇提取物、水提取物三种不同溶剂提取物对21日龄雌性小鼠子宫增重、卵巢卵泡发育的影响。结果:乙醇提取物与空白组差异不明显。结论:中药复方"促孕散"主要活性成分为醇溶性成分。     

中药免疫与白细胞介素2的研究概况

许多中药复方、单味中药或其提取物对白细胞介素2(IL-2)的产生及活性有影响,有的促进IL-2的产生,有的抑制IL-2的产生,有的具有双向调节作用.现将几年来中药对IL-2作用的研究情况作一概述.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.