一株Clade1.3 ALV-J分离鉴定及其全基因组序列分析

为了解地方品种鸡禽白血病病毒(ALV)感染情况,本试验用从广西某养殖公司地方品种鸡采集的血浆样品接种DF-1细胞进行ALV的培养分离,然后用ALV-p27抗原检测试剂盒对其细胞培养上清进行ELISA检测,并进一步对细胞培养物进行病毒亚群的PCR鉴定和病毒分离株的全基因组序列测定与分析。结果显示：从鸡血浆样品中获得一株ALV,分离毒株经分子鉴定及测序分析确定其为J亚群(ALV-J),命名为GX22YL01;通过对毒株GX22YL01的全病毒基因组与参考毒株序列进行比对分析,发现其与课题组建立的ALV-J分类方法“Pilot tree”中的参考株GX14HG04相似性最高,且同处于Clade 1.3分支。     

1株诱发血管瘤的ALV-J的分离鉴定及其囊膜基因的进化分析

【目的】了解湖北某黑羽蛋鸡场J亚群禽白血病(J-avian leukosis)的来源及其囊膜基因进化趋势,为湖北地区禽白血病流行病学调查提供资料。【方法】运用病理学、ELISA和Multi-PCR方法对疑似血管瘤型J亚群禽白血病病毒(J-Avian leucosis virus, ALV-J)病例进行实验室诊断,制备病毒液接种DF-1细胞进行病毒分离及间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay, IFA)检测,并通过DNAStar等软件分析该毒株囊膜蛋白编码基因。【结果】病例呈现典型血管瘤病变,p27抗原检测呈阳性,Multi-PCR出现ALV-J特异性条带,IFA结果显示特异性荧光,表明分离到1株ALV-J,命名为HB2021017。分离株HB2021017囊膜蛋白ENV、膜表面糖蛋白SU、跨膜蛋白TM与所引用的ALV-J毒株中的髓细胞瘤型毒株、髓细胞瘤和血管瘤混合型毒株、血管瘤型的ALV-J毒株的氨基酸序列相似性逐步升高。系统进化树分析显示,分离株HB2021017的env基因与中国地方品种鸡群中分离的诱发血管瘤的ALV-J毒株亲缘关系最近...     

鸡白血病检测技术研究

1 鸡J亚群白血病病毒env基因的克隆和表达 鸡白血病病毒(ALV)env基因编码的囊膜蛋白,位于病毒表面,其与宿主细胞受体相互作用,是亚群表型的决定因素.为研究ALV-J env基因及其表达产物特点,为ALV-J的检测奠定基础,本实验室对ALV-J env基因进行了克隆和真核表达.值得注意的是,在设计env基因引物时,需将env基因前的信号引导序列包涵其内.     

地方品系鸡中一株A亚群鸡白血病病毒的分离和鉴定

将种蛋孵化到9～11 d,分别制备成鸡胚成纤维细胞(chicken fibroblast cells,CEF)培养,再将其细胞上清接种对内源性白血病病毒(avian leukosis virus,ALV)有抵抗力的DF1细胞,从山东某地方品系种蛋中分离到一株外源性ALV,SDAU09E1.用PCR扩增其囊膜蛋白基因(env)并隆测序后,将其gp85序列与已发表的各亚群ALV比较分析表明,该毒株与A亚群6个毒株同源性最高,为89.1%～90.9%,而与已发表的鸡的A、C、D、E亚群ALV的gp85的同源性仅在73.2%～87.9%之间,与目前国内最常见的J亚群的gp85的同源性更是低至30.3%～32.4%.这是我国地方品系鸡群中第一次分离和鉴定出ALV-A及其gp85基因.     

J、K亚群禽白血病病毒的分离和囊膜蛋白(gp85)基因序列分析

为了解现阶段我国禽白血病病毒(ALV)的流行特征和演化趋势,本试验于2021—2022年从国内某鸡场采集蛋清ALV衣壳蛋白(p27)抗原阳性的鸡血浆,接种鸡胚成纤维细胞(DF-1)分离病毒并进行亚群鉴定;采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增分离株的囊膜蛋白(gp85)基因片段,并对其进行测序,将基因序列与ALV不同亚群毒株进行比对和遗传进化分析;选取氨基酸变化差异较大的分离毒株进行间接免疫荧光鉴定。结果显示,共分离到7株ALV毒株(3株J亚群,4株K亚群),ALV-J分离毒株CAU4932、CAU4860和CAU2259的gp85基因片段长度为918 bp,编码306个氨基酸,分离毒株之间gp85基因核苷酸同源性为90.5%～95.2%,gp85蛋白氨基酸同源性为95.1%～99.3%;ALV-K分离毒株CAU7049、CAU5006、CAU7176和CAU7168的gp85基因片段长度为1 008 bp,编码336个氨基酸,分离毒株之间gp85基因核苷酸同源性为89.4%～92.3%,gp85蛋白氨基酸同源性为94.0%～99.7%。gp85蛋白氨基酸序列同源性比对发现,分离株gp8...     

广西凭祥斗鸡禽白血病病毒检测及分离株env基因分析

为了解广西凭祥市特有家禽品种斗鸡禽白血病病毒(ALV)的感染情况,采集了该市3个鸡场斗鸡的肛拭子、血清、血浆样品共344份,用禽白血病ELISA检测试剂盒进行检测。结果显示,斗鸡ALV感染情况严重,其中肛拭样品ALV-p27抗原阳性率高达39.13%,血清样品病毒分离阳性率为12.97%,ALV-J和ALV-A/B抗体阳性率分别为22.39%和7.46%;对从2只斗鸡获得的病毒分离株DJ-3-18和DJ-45进行病毒囊膜蛋白基因env的扩增、序列测定及比较分析,结果显示2株病毒的gp85基因与ALV-A亚群参考株之间氨基酸的同源性为88.2%~96.5%,gp37基因与ALV-A亚群参考株之间氨基酸的同源性为91.4%~98.0%,其中与台湾A亚群蛋鸡源分离株TW-3577的亲缘关系最近,而与ALV其他亚群毒株的同源性则较低。结果表明,首次获得的2株斗鸡源ALV分离株属A亚群。     

J亚群禽白血病病毒GDHX01株分离与基因序列分析

为了解胡须鸡中是否存在禽白血病病毒(ALV)感染,从广东某胡须鸡养殖场中无菌采集胡须鸡血样,采用DF-1细胞培养、ELISA抗原检测、PCR扩增等方法,成功分离鉴定出一株J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J),命名为GDHX01株。测序结果显示GDHX01株病毒基因组DNA序列全长为7616 bp,gp85基因全长919 bp。通过与其他禽白血病病毒参考毒株的基因组DNA序列进行比对分析,发现GDHX01与国内外J亚群禽白血病参考毒株同源性85.3%～95.7%之间。进一步比对发现,GDHX01毒株的gp85基因序列与国内外ALV-J参考株CAUGX01的同源性最高为95.8%。结果表明,在胡须鸡群中存在J亚群禽白血病病毒的感染。     

J亚群与E亚群禽白血病自然重组病毒的全基因组序列分析

为了解我国东北地区部分养鸡场禽白血病病毒(ALV)的基因组序列特征及其变异情况,本研究从具有典型血管瘤病变的禽白血病发病鸡中分离到一株J亚群ALV(ALV-J)命名为JL0901,并进行了全基因测序.将该序列与已发表的ALV-J毒株序列进行比较研究,结果表明JL0901基因组的gag和pol基因相对保守,而env基因和3'端非编码区(3'UTR)的变异较大.对JL0901的env基因核苷酸序列进一步分析发现,在其gp85基因和gp37基因交界位置发生J亚群和E亚群ALV重组现象.本研究证实国内鸡群中存在J亚群和其他亚群ALV的自然重组现象,并表明国内ALV已出现新的变异趋势.     

3个江西地方鸡品种的禽白血病病毒病原学调查

对来自江西3个地方鸡品种(崇仁麻鸡、余干乌骨鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡)进行禽白血病病毒(ALV)病原学调查。将所采集的血浆接种DF-1细胞,经ALV p27抗原ELISA检测,结果显示这3个江西地方鸡品种均有外源性ALV感染,经鉴定得到4株J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)。基于gp85序列分析表明这4个分离株与ALV-J英国原型株HPRS-103 gp85基因核苷酸序列相似性最高(平均为94.6%),而与A、B、C、E亚群ALVgp85基因的核苷酸相似性仅在50.6%~54.5%之间。这是江西地方鸡品种分离和鉴定ALV-J的初次报道,对于我国江西省地方鸡品种的禽白血病净化具有参考价值。     

华东地区蛋鸡群中禽白血病的分子流行病学调查

为了解华东地区蛋鸡群中禽白血病的流行情况,2011年3月至2012年10月,从江苏、山东、安徽、上海等省市的蛋鸡养殖场中采集疑似禽白血病病例样品105份,经DF-1细胞分离培养、间接免疫荧光试验鉴定,从中分离禽白血病病毒(ALV)15株,继而对分离毒株gp85基因进行了序列测定和遗传进化分析。结果表明,在所获得的ALV分离株中,有A亚群ALV(ALV-A)3株,B亚群ALV(ALV-B)4株,剩余8株则均为J亚群ALV(ALV-J)。ALV-A、ALVB分离株遗传进化较为稳定,与其原型株(RAV-1、RAV-2)gp85基因核苷酸序列同源性均在98%以上,与我国近年来的地方分离株亲缘关系较远。ALV-J分离株与其原型株(HPRS-103)gp85基因核苷酸序列的同源性在92.8%~94.5%之间。8株ALV-J分离株中,只有1株与蛋鸡ALV-J分离株有较高的亲缘关系,其余均较远,反而与早期的肉鸡分离株有较高的亲缘关系,表明目前于华东地区蛋鸡群中流行的ALV-J可能来源于早期肉鸡分离株的感染。4株ALV-J分离株与我国地方品系HR土鸡的ALV-J分离株HR332J具有很高的亲缘关系,表明ALV-J的感染范围进一步扩大,对地方品系鸡也造成了很大的危害。     

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to subgroup J avian leukosis virus.

In an attempt to develop a specific diagnostic test for avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J (ALV-J) strain Hc1, four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), JE9, G2, 145, and J47, were generated that are specific for ALV-J envelope glycoprotein, gp85. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genomic pro-viral DNA of Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (ADOL)-Hc1 and ADOL-4817 envelope genes. Both open reading frames encoding glycoproteins gp85 and gp37 were cloned into baculoviruses. Abundant expression of gp85 and gp37 was detected in the recombinant viruses with specific antibody to Hc1 strain of the ALV-J. The expressed proteins were used for immunization of mice to produce hybridoma cell lines secreting MAbs specific to ALV-J envelope protein. A panel of MAbs was generated by fusing NS1 myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with the recombinant baculoviruses. With the use of an immunofluorescence assay, three MAbs (JE9, G2, 145) reacted with ALV-J but not with subgroups A, B, C, D, or E of ALV. MAb J47 reacted with all exogenous subgroups of ALV including A, B, C, D, and J but not with endogenous subgroup E viruses. Western blot analysis was performed with all four MAbs against recombinant baculovirus and Hc1-infected chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) lysates. A major band with a molecular weight about 90 kD corresponding to the size of ALV-J envelope was consistently obtained. With these MAbs, we detected the Hc1 antigen in CEFs infected with several ALV-J viruses isolated in the United States and also in tissue sections from chickens infected with Hc1 strain of ALV-J. These MAbs will be useful reagents for the diagnosis of ALV-J infection because they recognize a common antigenic epitope in six isolates tested thus far.     

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to subgroup A avian leukosis virus

Avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV‐A) is a retrovirus which infects egg‐type chickens and is the main pathogen of lymphoid leukosis (LL) and myeloid leukosis (ML). In order to greatly enhance the diagnosis and treatment of clinical avian leukemia, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to ALV‐A were developed by fusion between SP2/0 and spleen cells from mice immunized with expressed ALV‐A env‐gp85 protein. Using immunofluorescence assay (IFA), two MAbs reacted with ALV‐A, but not with subgroups B and J of ALV. Western blot tests showed that molecular weight of ALV‐A envelope glycoprotein recognized by MAbs was about 53 kD. Isotyping test revealed that two MAbs (A5C1 and A4C8) were IgG1 isotypes. These MAbs can be used for diagnosis and epidemiology of ALV‐A.     

Molecular and biological characterization of a naturally occurring recombinant subgroup B avian leukosis virus with a subgroup J-like long terminal repeat

Infection of broiler chickens with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV) results in the induction of myeloid tumors. However, although egg-type chickens are susceptible to infection with ALV-J, the tumor incidence is very low, and on rare occasions the tumors observed are of the myeloid lineage. We recently described the isolation of an ALV (AF115-4) from commercial egg-type chickens suffering from myeloid leukosis. AF115-4 was initially identified as an ALV-J isolate based on PCR analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR). However, further characterization of the viral envelope indicated that the virus is recombinant with subgroups B envelope and J LTR. Here we further characterize this recombinant virus at both the molecular and biological levels. We show that the AF115-4 isolate expresses a recombinant envelope glycoprotein encoded by a subgroup B gp85 region and a subgroup E gp37 region. The host range ofAF115-4 was analyzed using cells resistant to infection by subgroups A/B, J, or E; this shows that no ALV-J was present in the isolates obtained from the affected chickens. Additional antigenic characterization of AF115-4 using chicken sera specific for subgroups B or J indicated that no ALV-J was present in the samples examined. Inoculation of AF 115-4 into ALV-susceptible 1515 X 71 chickens resulted in the induction of lymphoid leukosis but not the expected myeloid leukosis affecting the commercial chickens. These results suggest that differences in the genetic makeup of the chickens from which AF115-4 was isolated and the line 1515 X 71 used in the present experiments may be responsible for the observed differences in pathogenicity. In addition, the results suggest that ALV-J continues to evolve by recombination, generating new viruses with different pathological properties.     

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J: a rapidly evolving group of oncogenic retroviruses.

A strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV) belonging to a new envelope subgroup J was isolated in the UK in 1988 from meat-type chickens. The disease caused by the members of this subgroup has since spread very rapidly worldwide and has become one of the major problems facing the broiler meat industry. Molecular characterisation of HPRS -103, the prototype of subgroup J, has shown that it has a structure of a typical ALV with gag, pol and env genes. However the env gene was distinct from that of other ALV s and was closely related to that of novel endogenous retroviral elements designated EAV - HP. As other regions of the genome were closely related to ALV s, it is believed that ALV-J has evolved by recombination with the env sequences of EAV - HP. ALV-J has a tropism for myeloid cells, a feature that may be associated with its ability to induce myeloid leukosis. Recent data show that ALV -J isolates evolve rapidly resulting in sequence changes within the variable regions of the env gene leading to antigenic variation. Eradication programmes established for other subgroups are proving to be effective in eradicating ALV-J from infected flocks.     

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to avian leukosis viruses

Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibody (MCA) to avian leukosis virus (ALV) structural proteins p27 and p19 have been established. In an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MCA 6AL20 (IgG1 isotype) reacted with RPL-40 (ALV subgroup A), avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) (a mixture of subgroups A and B), Rous-associated virus (RAV)-2 (subgroup B), and Carr-Zilber strain of Rous sarcoma virus (CZ-RSV) (subgroup D) but not with Prague strain of RSV (PrC-RSV) (subgroup C) or the endogenous virus RAV-0 (subgroup E). MCA 6AL22 reacted as above and also reacted marginally with PrC-RSV. Both MCAs immunoprecipitated p19 from 35S-methionine-labeled chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) infected with RPL-40 or RAV-1, but not from CEFs infected with RAV-0, thus identifying the viral structural protein p19 as a polypeptide with subgroup-specific epitopes. Both MCAs can be used to differentiate RPL-40 from RAV-0 infection either in an indirect antibody ELISA or by immunoprecipitation. A third MCA, 6AL42 (IgG2a isotype), reacted with the above viruses of subgroups A, B, C, and D at an antibody titer up to 1000-fold higher than with subgroup E RAV-0 virus in indirect ELISAs. MCA 6AL42 immunoprecipitated p27 from cells infected with RPL-40, RAV-1, or RAV-0. These MCAs are potentially useful in developing immunological tests for differentiation of ALV strains.     

Isolation and some characteristics of a subgroup J-like avian leukosis virus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens in the United States.

Several subgroup J-like avian leukosis viruses (ALV-Js) were isolated from broiler breeder (BB) and commercial broiler flocks experiencing myeloid leukosis (ML) at 4 wk of age or older. In all cases, diagnosis of ML was based on the presence of typical gross and microscopic lesions in affected tissues. The isolates were classified as ALV-J by 1) their ability to propagate in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) that are resistant to avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroups A and E (C/AE) and 2) positive reaction in a polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for ALV-J. The prototype strain of these isolates, an isolate termed ADOL-Hc1, was obtained from an adult BB flock that had a history of ML. The ADOL-Hc1 was isolated and propagated on C/AE CEF and was distinct antigenically from ALV of subgroups A, B, C, D, and E, as determined by virus neutralization tests. Antibody to ADOL-Hc1 neutralized strain HPRS-103, the prototype of ALV-J isolated from meat-type chickens in the United Kingdom, but antibody to HPRS-103 did not neutralize strain ADOL-Hc1. On the basis of both viremia and antibody, prevalence of ALV-J infection in affected flocks was as high as 87%. Viremia in day-old chicks of three different hatches from a BB flock naturally infected with ALV-J varied from 4% to 25%; in two of the three hatches, 100% of chicks that tested negative for virus at hatch had evidence of viremia by 8 wk of age. The data document the isolation of ALV-J from meat-type chickens experiencing ML as young as 4 wk of age. The data also suggest that strain ADOL-Hc1 is antigenically related, but not identical, to strain HPRS-103 and that contact transmission of ALV-J is efficient and can lead to tolerant infection.     

Development of a polymerase chain reaction to differentiate avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroups: detection of an ALV contaminant in commercial Marek's disease vaccines

Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) are common in many poultry flocks and can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or any other test designed to identify p27, the group-specific antigen located in gag. However, endogenous retroviruses expressing p27 are often present and can be confused with exogenous ALVs. A more specific and informative assay involves targeting the variable envelope glycoprotein gene (gp85) that is the basis for dividing ALVs into their different subgroups. We designed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers that would specifically detect and amplify viruses from each of the six ALV subgroups: A, B, C, D, E, and J. Subgroup B and D envelopes are related, and our B-specific primers also amplified subgroup D viruses. We also designed a set of common primers to amplify any ALV subgroup virus. To demonstrate the usefulness of these primers, we obtained from the Center for Veterinary Biologics in Iowa culture supernatant from chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with an ALV that was found to be a contaminant in two commercial Marek's disease vaccines. Using our PCR primers, we demonstrate that the contaminant was a subgroup A ALV. We cloned and sequenced a portion of the envelope gene and confirmed that the ALV was a subgroup A virus. Unlike typical subgroup A viruses, the contaminant ALV grew very slowly in cell culture. We also cloned and sequenced a portion of the long terminal repeat (LTR) from the contaminant virus. The LTR was found to be similar to those LTRs found in endogenous ALVs (subgroup E) and very dissimilar to LTRs normally found in subgroup A viruses. The E-like LTR probably explains why the contaminant grew so poorly in cell culture.     

禽白血病病毒贵州流行株env基因克隆与序列分析

为了解禽白血病病毒（ALV）贵州流行株的遗传变异情况及分子特征,本试验基于ALV env基因设计合成引物对禽白血病贵州临床病例进行目的基因扩增、克隆和序列分析。结果显示,从临床病例中筛选获得3份阳性样本,PCR扩增均获得大小约921 bp的目的基因片段,将其命名为：GZ-ALV-1株、GZ-ALV-2株和GZ-ALV-3株。序列分析结果显示,3株ALV贵州流行株之间核苷酸同源性在97.2%~97.6%之间,与国内外ALV-J的同源性相对较高,为93.1%~99.3%;而与A、B、C、D、E、K亚群ALV同源性仅为51.4%~53.2%。系统进化分析显示,3株ALV贵州流行株与ALV-J亚群参考株处于同一分支,表明本试验所检测的ALV毒株均为ALV-J亚群;与A、B、C、D、E、K亚群处于不同进化分支。基因变异分析显示,3株流行株37处相同核苷酸变异导致17处氨基酸发生位点变异,其中9个可变点在高变区hr1和hr2,1个可变点在低变区vr3。结果表明,3株ALV贵州流行株均为ALV-J亚群,env基因存在位点发生了变异,且可变位点位于序列高变区。本研究结果为明确贵州禽白血病流行概况及ALV的防控与净化提供基础数据。     

Tissue tropism and bursal transformation ability of subgroup J avian leukosis virus in White Leghorn chickens

In Experiment 1, a monoclonal antibody against the envelope glycoprotein (gp85) of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) was used to study the distribution of ALV-J in various tissues of White Leghorn chickens inoculated as embryos with the strain ADOL-Hcl of ALV-J. At 2 and 6 wk of age, various tissues from infected and control uninfected chickens were tested for the presence of ALV-J gp85 by immunohistochemistry. In Experiment 2, using the methyl green-pyronine (MGP) stain, sections of bursa of Fabricius (BF) from chickens of line 15I5 x 7(1), inoculated with ALV-J or Rous-associated virus-1 (RAV-1), a subgroup A ALV, at hatch were examined for transformation of bursal follicles at 4 and 10 wk of age. In Experiment 1, specific staining indicative of the presence of ALV-J gp85 was noted at both 2 and 6 wk of age in the adrenal gland, bursa, gonads, heart, kidney, liver, bone marrow, nerve, pancreas, proventriculus, spleen, and thymus. In Experiment 2, by 10 wk of age, transformed bursal follicles were detected in MGP-stained sections of BF in only one of five (20%) chickens inoculated with ALV-J at hatch, compared with five of five (100%) chickens inoculated with RAV-1. The data demonstrate distribution of ALV-J gp85 in various tissues of White Leghorn chickens experimentally inoculated as embryos with the virus. The data also confirm our previous observation that ALV-J is capable of inducing transformation of bursal follicles, albeit the incidence is less frequent than that induced by subgroup A ALV.