改性脲醛树脂用于刨花板生产

当生产各种木质复合材料如刨花板、胶合板时 ,最常用的胶粘剂当首推脲醛树脂。脲醛树脂得以广泛使用的原因是它的生产原料价廉易得。但与此同时 ,脲醛树脂也有它致命的弱点 ,这就是它的不稳定性 ;在水分和稍高温度的长期作用下 ,使用脲醛树脂的木制品会释放出游离甲醛 ,这是一种对人体极有害的化学物质。降低脲醛树脂毒性的有效途径之一是对它进行改性。在脲素与甲醛进行缩合反应时加入一种能与甲醛结合的带有活性基团的物质 ,使其一并发生反应。各种不同结构的聚乙烯聚胺就属于此类物质。聚乙烯聚胺有Ａ、Б和Г三种型号。其化学结构的一般…     

一种降低刨花板甲醛释放量的实用方法

采用甲醛释放量达到E2级的脲醛树脂胶粘剂，在刨花板生产的特定阶段添加甲醛捕捉剂，保持热压曲线不变，生产各种规格的刨花板。结果表明，生产出的刨花板甲醛释放量分别达到了欧洲El和E0级标准，且板材具有优良的物理力学性能。     

MUF树脂生产环保型刨花板技术

介绍了一种低三聚氰胺用量的三聚氰胺 -尿素 -甲醛共缩聚树脂 (MUF)。用该树脂加入三聚氰胺等甲醛捕捉剂生产的刨花板甲醛释放量 <9mg/10 0 g(穿孔法 ) ,刨花板的物理力学性能达到A类板优等品的要求 ,可制得E1级环保型刨花板。     

刨花板施胶微机控制系统的研制

刨花板施胶由传统的人工操作改为微机自动控制，使刨花板施胶均匀，不仅提高了产品质量，而且使施胶工艺稳定，减少胶粘剂消耗，改善了劳动条件。以８０３１单片机为核心制成的微机控制系统，可适用于刨花板生产线的改造。     

环境温度对刨花板生产质量的影响及改进方法

本项研究对气温(尤其在冬季)是如何影响刨花板生产进行了分析。通过对不同季节时的两种极端情况——较高的板坯芯层温度和较低的板坯芯层温度在热压过程中板坯芯层渴度的变化,进一步说明了芯层温度对热压时间以及刨花板质量的影响,并就如何解决这一问题提出了建议。     

利用杨树人工林剩余物生产刨花板可行性研究

The composite board industry in Iran is obliged to use residues from forest operation as well as wood industry for competing with paper industry because of shortage of wood. In the present study we investigated the residues from poplar plantation used for particleboard production. Three kinds of wood materials, poplar branches, small diameter poplar wood (3–8 cm) and beech wood, were used in the experiment of particleboard production. The results demonstrated that the characteristic of particleboard made from poplar branches and small diameter wood is comparable to that made from mature beech wood. To avoid too much residual acid in the final board, the properties of boards produced with 1.5% hardener at 175°C press temperature are acceptable, although the properties of particleboard produced with 2% hardener were higher than were higher than that of the board produced with lower hardener (1% or 1.5%).. The MOR, MOE and IB of particleboard made from branches were measured as 14.57, 2015, and 1.32 MPa, respectively, while The MOR, MOE and IB of particleboard produced from small diameter poplar wood were 19.90, 2199, and 1.86 MPa, respectively. The thickness swelling of boards made from branches after 2 and 24 h immersion in water was 20.14% and 31.26%. The utilization of branches and very small diameter wood of poplar is recommended for the survival and developments of particleboard industry in Iran.     

Evaluation of formaldehyde emission from particleboard using the large chamber and desiccator method at various loading ratios

We studied formaldehyde emission from uncoated particle-board with 16-mm thickness using the large chamber and the desiccator method. A chamber of 28.4 m 3 was installed to simulate a mobile home. The formaldehyde off-gassing properties of particleboard were evaluated using the chamber. The relationship between the concentration obtained by the chamber and the values by the desiccator test was discussed in this study under different conditions of conditioning day, air exchange, and loading ratio. These two methods were compared and discussed regarding the formaldehyde emission level. Three loading ratios, 0.429m2/m3 , 0.264m 2/m3 , and 0.132 m2/m3 , were chosen to represent different applications of particleboard products. There was strong correlation between emissions and air exchange rates at equal product-loading ratios in the large chamber, the related coefficient R2 exceeded 0.90. There was also an indication of a generic correlation between the large chamber and the two-hour desiccator test with a single product designated loading ratio, air exchange rate, and climatic conditions.     

Rapid production of high-strength cement-bonded particleboard using gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide

This study deals with the effects of curing treatment with gaseous and supercritical carbon dioxide on the properties of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) manufactured by the conventional cold-pressing method. The hydration of cement and the mechanism of improvement were examined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The results are as follows: (1) The curing of cement was accelerated concomitantly with the improvement in mechanical and dimensional properties of CBP significantly by curing with gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide. (2) Supercritical carbon dioxide curing imparted boards optimal properties at a faster rate than did gaseous curing. (3) Accelerated formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium carbonate and the interlocking of those hydration products on the wood surface are potentially the main reasons for the superior strength of carbon dioxide-cured boards.     

刨花板生产中有机热载体加热技术的应用

叙述了有机热载体加热系统的特点，介绍了有机热载体加热系统结构，最后对该加热系统进行了经济效益分析。     

Development of an air-injection press for preventing blowout of particleboard IV: effects of air-injection conditions on board performance and formaldehyde emission

An air-injection press, which has holes punched in the heating plates, injects high-pressure air through the holes of one plate into particleboard and discharges the air through the other plate during press heating. The press can manufacture particleboard from high-moisture particles by controlling blowout of the boards. In this study, the optimum diameter and spacing of the air-injection holes and the effects of pre- and post-pressing were investigated. An optimum hole diameter was not found for the modulus of rupture and thickness swelling for a spacing of either 25 or 50 mm. In terms of internal bond strength, the optimum diameter of the holes arranged at a spacing of 25 mm was 1 mm, but the internal bond strength was not changed by the diameter of holes spaced 50 mm apart. Air injection under all hole conditions reduced the formaldehyde emission from the board. Pre-pressing was tested for further increase in the modulus of rupture and internal bond strength, but was found to have no effect. More efficient use of the air-injection press was achieved by injecting air from the early stages of pressing.     

阻燃刨花板阻燃剂的研制

以氨基树脂为载体,磷-氮系阻燃液与固体无机耐火剂所构成的刨花板用阻燃体系,采用阻燃剂与刨花直接混合的添加工艺,不会造成阻燃剂的浪费,不污染环境。所生产的阻燃刨花板主要物理力学性能达到国家标准。阻燃性能:氧指数40%～50%.1000℃火焰穿透时间15～25分钟,发烟等级为一级。对人低毒。     

Utilization of wood biomass residues from fruit tree branches,evergreen hardwood shrubs,and Greek fir wood as raw materials for particleboard production. Part B. Hygroscopic properties and formaldehyde content

This paper investigates the basic hygroscopic properties and formaldehyde content (FC) of particleboards produced with wood biomass from fruit tree branches and evergreen hardwood shrubs as substitute raw materials for fir particles. One-layer laboratory particleboards with two distinct target densities (0.63 g/cm³ and 0.69 g/cm³) were produced using various mixtures of the above materials. Industrially produced wood particles were also used for comparison purposes. The results showed that the replacement of fir wood (FW) by evergreen hardwood material significantly upgraded board's quality in terms of thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) (except boards with density of 0.63 g/cm³) after immersion in water for 24 h and residual swelling (RS) after reconditioning. The contribution of branch-wood (BW) particles in the production of FW boards with density of 0.63 g/cm³ induced increase of TS, WA, and RS while for boards with density of 0.69 g/cm³ did not result to significant changes except for RS. In terms of FC, boards made of BW and evergreen hardwood showed significantly lower FC compared to those produced by FW and industrial particles.     

Potential utilization of sodium fluoride (NaF) as a biocide in particleboard production

The feasibility of sodium fluoride (NaF) incorporation as a biocide in the manufacture of particleboard was examined. Laboratory-scale particleboards prepared from untreated wood particles were incorporated with NaF powder at target retentions of 1, 1.5 and 3% of the total particle weight. An in-line treatment method was used to introduce the biocide during the blending stage just before adhesive application. Standard static bending and water resistance (water absorption and thickness swelling) tests indicated that embedding of the powder biocide up to the 3% level did not cause any detrimental effects on mechanical and physical properties. The laboratory decay and termite resistance tests showed that even the lower retention levels of 1 and 1.5% NaF were enough to suppress fungal and termite activity and significantly reduce the mass loss and consumption rate values of the specimens when compared to the untreated controls. Spectrophotometric analysis of leachate waters and the mass losses of the leached specimens revealed the tendency of the NaF to be depleted from the composite specimens. Therefore, the tested biocide was found to be appropriate for interior or protected above-ground outdoor exposure conditions.     

单层压机生产线刨花板质量问题及对策

从生产实践中总结出刨花板生产中存在的质量缺陷、产生原因，并提出了解决办法。     

Determination of Poisson's ratio for particleboard in pure bending

Summary The present study is part of a larger project called `The measurement and modeling of the effects of concentrated loads on particleboard floor decking' (Moarcas, 1999). The aim of this work is to determine Poisson's ratio of C4(M) particleboard when subjected to four point bending (pure bending). Two `bridge gauges' with a gauge length of 38 mm, were fixed to the specimens so that they were positioned centrally between the loading heads. The specimens were tested twice. The first test measured Poisson's ratio on the tension surface, and then the specimens were flipped over and the test repeated so as to measure Poisson's ratio on the compression face. The two bridge gauges were orientated so as to measure strain in the principal directions of the particleboard samples. The average results indicate a value of 0.2 for Poisson's ratio. Received 29 April 1999     

Reducing resin content and board density without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of particleboard through controlling particle size

Density and resin content are two factors that have a signifi- cant effect on the production cost of wood composite. However, particle size affects resin content and density, which suggests that the interaction of these three factors can be manipulated to reduce the board density and resin content of particleboard without adversely influencing its mechani- cal properties. Some mathematical functional forms based on resin con- tent, board density and slenderness ratio were regressed and an appropri- ate form was chosen. According to analysis of the results using SHA- ZAM 9 software, the exponential function best fit the experimental data. Finally, "indifference curves" of mechanical properties were illustrated and analyzed. The results indicated that negative effects of density or resin content reduction on mechanical properties could be compensated for by controlling particles’ slenderness ratio. Interestingly, increases in slenderness ratio compensated for the negative effects of decreases in resin content or board density on module of rupture (MOR) and module of elasticity (MOE). Moreover, this "compensation ratio" intensified as resin content or density decreased and/or as the MOR or MOE increased. On the other hand, reduction in slenderness ratio indicated a comple- mentary effect on reducing internal bond (IB) strength, a result of de- creases in resin content or density. Moreover, this "complementary ratio" was intensified as resin content or density decreased and/or as IB strength increased.     

Utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid for manufacturing of particleboard II: influences of pressing temperature and time on particleboard properties

Development of environmentally friendly particleboard made from sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid has recently attracted attention. In this study, we investigated the effects of pressing temperature and time on physical properties, such as dry bending (DB), internal bond strength (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) of particleboard. Wet bending (WB), screw-holding power (SH), biological durability, and formaldehyde emission of particleboard manufactured under effective pressing temperature and time were also evaluated. Particleboards bonded with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) were manufactured as references. Effective pressing temperature and time were 200?°C and 10 min, respectively. It was clarified that DB, IB, and TS satisfied the type 18 requirements of the JIS A 5908 (2003), and were comparable to those of particleboard bonded with PF and pMDI. The WB and SH of particleboard did not satisfy type 18 of JIS. Particleboard manufactured under effective pressing conditions had good biological durability and low formaldehyde emission. Based on the results of infrared spectra measurement, the degree of ester linkages increased with increased pressing temperature and time.     

E_1级麻屑板用脲醛树脂胶的研究

根据亚麻屑的胶接特性,从脲醛胶的固体含量、粘度、游离甲醛、耐水性、固化时间、施工胶液特性及经济效益等方面系统地研究了适合低甲醛释放量麻屑板生产用脲醛树脂胶的物理力学及化学性能。研究结果表明,使用改进的脲醛树脂胶(命名为DN—9号和DN—11号低毒腮醛胶)可以压制出甲醛释放量小于10mg/100g的E1级麻屑板,其物理力学性能达到GB 4896—4905—35标准     

Seed production of western larch in seed-tree systems in the southern interior of British Columbia

A series of surveys and experiments were conducted on four sites to identify constraints to seed production and natural regeneration in western larch seed-tree systems in the southwestern interior of British Columbia, Canada. These surveys included pollen monitoring, a cone analysis to evaluate seed production potential, seed trapping to estimate seed rain and the installation of field germination trials to assess the effects of germination substrate and seed losses due to bird and rodent predators. Pollen shedding was found to be adequate for moderate seed production with filled seed counts ranging from 9 to 30 per cone (10–34% of all seeds/cone). No significant differences in seed yields per cone and cone characteristics were observed between uncut control stands and seed-tree stands. Seed rain was generally good in 1995, ranging from 70,000 to 4.6 million seed/ha. For the four seed-tree stands, the average filled seed percentage of the trapped seeds ranged from 9–30%. Seed rain and seed quality were much reduced in 1996. Field germination trials showed western larch seeds germinated and survived best (15–70%) on mineral soil but rodent and/or bird predation reduced germination success significantly. Germination/germinant survival on undisturbed forest floor, covered with predator exclusion screens, was intermediate.