适于AFLP分析用的柑橘DNA提取方法

利用改进的CTAB法提取了15个柑橘分类群的基因组DNA,并进行了AFLP分析。结果表明,该方法提取的DNA溶液无色透明,紫外分光光度计测得A260/A280为1.8~2.0,1%琼脂糖胶电泳为清晰的一条带,RNA去除干净,无降解现象。其AFLP分析(引物EcoRI-AAC+MseI-CAC)条带清晰,多态性好,说明此方法完全适于AFLP分析。     

荔枝AFLP分析体系的建立

以39份荔枝种质资源为试材,建立起荔枝AFLP分析体系。对AFLP分析过程中的影响因子(酶切与连接、预扩增、标记)进行了研究。双酶切必须完全彻底。选出适于荔枝AFLP分析的引物组合3对,分别为EcoRIAAC+MseICTG,EcoRIAGC+MseICAT,EcoRIACC+MseICAT。应用其中2对引物(EcoRIAAC+MseICTG,EcoRIACC+MseICAT),共在106个位点扩增出条带,多态性带92个(86.7%)。对荔枝AFLP分析的影响因子进行了分析。     

枇杷AFLP分析体系的建立与应用

为研究枇杷种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的技术平台奠定基础,以来自5个不同国家43份枇杷种质为试材研究枇杷基因组AFLP反应体系。通过检测AFLP分析中DNA提取、酶切及连接、预扩增和选择性扩增的结果,对影响AFLP分析的主要因子进行分析,建立了AFLP分析体系。利用该体系并选用EcoRI—AGG+MseI—CAC引物组合对供试材料进行扩增,获得的条带清晰可辩,说明所建立的反应体系适合于枇杷进行AFLP分析。     

Molecular diversity of Chinese Cucurbita moschata germplasm collections detected by AFLP markers

Cucurbita moschata is an important vegetable crop. Although a total of 1032 landraces of C. moschata are maintained in China, little is known about their genetic diversity. Molecular characterization is needed to facilitate the use of this C. moschata germplasm collection in breeding. Seventy-four Chinese accessions and 15 accessions from other countries were selected for evaluation based upon variation in fruit traits and geographical origin of molecular diversity with AFLP analysis. Nine pairs of EcoRI/MseI primers produced 500 fragments, of which 75.57% were polymorphic, indicating a high degree of diversity. The accessions from China were classified into two clusters, which were clearly differentiated from the accessions originating from Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Ecuador. Chinese group genetically more closely related to other Asian countries group (India and Japan). In general, the accessions from the Americas had a greater number of unique loci than those from China. The differences are probably due to a limited number of introductions and genetic drift. The Americas are the center of origin of C. moschata and therefore more diverse. With AFLP analysis, the accessions did not clearly group according to fruit shape; however, sub-clusters exist in acorn- and dumbbell-shaped accessions. The assessment of genetic distance, along with some unique traits among the different genotypes, could be useful in further genetic studies and the selection of the most adequate accessions for use in breeding programs.     

柑橘黄龙病和衰退病的同步PCR和RT-PCR检测

柑橘黄龙病(HLB)和衰退病(CTV)是2种危害严重的世界性柑橘病害,国内外对其病原检测的研究相当多。研究建立了同时检测HLB和CTV的多重RT-PCR体系,从影响多重RT-PCR扩增的引物浓度、Mg2+浓度、Taq酶浓度、dNTPs浓度、退火温度等方面进行体系优化。结果表明,多重PCR反应的退火温度应优先考虑退火温度高的引物,退火温度高的引物所需浓度要大于相应退火温度低的引物。该体系实现了DNA病原和RNA病原的统一检测,进一步体现了多重RT-PCR的优越性。     

Interspecific hybridization in vanilla and molecular characterization of hybrids and selfed progenies using RAPD and AFLP markers

Vanilla, Vanilla planifolia Andrews, is native to Mexico and Central America, but is now cultivated in other parts of the tropics. Continuous clonal propagation has resulted in very little variability for crop improvement programmes in vanilla. In this study, an attempt has been made to increase the spectrum of variation by interspecific hybridization with Vanilla aphylla, an Indian species which is tolerant to Fusarium. Interspecific hybrids were successfully produced and morphological characters and molecular profiles revealed the true hybridity of the progenies. Ten seedling progenies of V. planifolia, and four interspecific hybrids obtained from crosses between V. planifolia (female) and V. aphylla (male) using a number of different loci as markers were evaluated and 319 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and 83 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) loci were marked. The profiles indicate similarity between the parents, selfed progenies and interspecific hybrids and that all the progenies tested were variable when compared to each other, which can be exploited for crop improvement in vanilla. This is the first report in vanilla, indicating that RAPD and AFLP profiles coupled with morphological characters can be utilized to assess the variability and hybrid nature of genotypes and of successful interspecific hybridization and production of hybrids between V. planifolia and V. aphylla.     

辐射诱变和芽变柑橘品种(系)的AFLP分析

为了对广东省近年来新选育的16个60Co-γ辐射诱变和芽变柑橘优良品系(株系)进行遗传差异分析,应用AFLP技术,对3个亲本和16个辐射诱变和芽变的柑橘品种(系)进行了遗传差异分析。从64对引物中筛选出9对多态性高、分辨能力强的引物进行分析,结果表明:(1)与各自的亲本相比,供试16个辐射诱变和芽变的柑橘变异类型的遗传基础均已经发生了不同程度的变化。(2)利用引物EcoRⅠAAG+MseⅠCTT绘制供试样品的AFLP指纹图谱,并根据各自的差异带或特征带区分了19个柑橘试材。(3)对AFLP扩增结果进行聚类分析,根据相似系数0.77的水平可将19个样品分为4组。红江橙品系中的华青1号与亲本间的相似性系数仅为0.647 7,可将其单独划为一组。可为柑橘新品种选育研究的早期鉴定提供参考依据。     

玉环柚果实发育后期内源激素含量的变化

玉环柚 果实发育后期晚出现裂果，测得此晨果实各部位的内源激素含量存在差异，囊瓣中亦霉素（ＧＡ３）、生长素（ＩＡＡ）、玉米素（ＺＴ）含量高于海绵层，耐脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）含量则相反。     

8种柑橘类植物对柑橘碎叶病毒分子组成的影响

探究不同柑橘类型对柑橘碎叶病毒(Citrus tatter leaf virus,CTLV)变异的影响,为研究寄主-CTLV的互作关系提供基础。将CTLV分离株HH和XLB分别嫁接接种于8种柑橘类植物,对CTLV分离株和获得的亚分离株样品进行CP基因的限制性长度多态性(RFLP)和单链构象多态性(SSCP)分析,以及序列比较。结果表明HH和XLB与其各自在不同柑橘植株上的亚分离株的CP/Hinf I RFLP酶切图谱无明显差异;混合侵染的CTLV分离株HH和其亚分离株之间的SSCP谱型存在差异,株系构成单一的CTLV分离株XLB与其亚分离株间的SSCP谱型差异不明显。通过序列分析进一步证实CTLV在不同寄主上其CP基因有几个核苷酸位点发生了变异。CTLV可能受寄主植物的影响发生了变异。     

柑橘衰退病晚期抑制差减cDNA文库的构建及初步分析

为了研究柑橘衰退病晚期应答的分子机理,利用经典的抑制差减杂交技术,以感染柑橘衰退病3年后的‘不知火’杂柑实生苗叶片组织的c DNA为测试方,以脱毒的‘不知火’实生苗叶片组织的c DNA为驱动方进行差减杂交,构建了柑橘衰退病诱导的正向抑制差减c DNA文库。随机挑取此文库中210个阳性克隆进行测序,获得了192条有效序列。将这些EST序列聚类拼接后,共获得77条非重复序列。对这些EST进行GO和KEGG分析,发现这些EST的功能主要与胁迫及防御、代谢、转录、转运、蛋白命运等途径相关。用实时定量RT-PCR验证了其中4个基因:几丁质酶基因、茉莉酸响应基因的转录抑制因子1基因(JAZ1)、钙调素结合蛋白基因、咖啡酸—氧甲基转移酶基因,结果表明在衰退病的诱导下,‘不知火’杂柑叶片中这4个基因的表达量均有明显提高,说明这些基因可能参与了‘不知火’杂柑叶片晚期衰退病应答。JAZ1基因的上调表达表明可能宿主衰退病晚期应答过程中的诱导系统抗性受到了抑制。