香蕉粘胶纤维结构与吸湿性能研究

以香蕉粘胶纤维、普通粘胶纤维、Tencel纤维为原料,采用烘箱干燥法和回归模型分析法,对不同材料进行了吸湿、放湿测试与分析。结果表明：香蕉粘胶纤维具有良好的吸湿性和放湿性,香蕉菠萝粘胶纤维吸湿率20.5 %、放湿回潮率26.3 %;普通粘胶纤维吸湿率18.5 %、放湿回潮率24.6 %;Tencel纤维回潮率17.1 %、放湿回潮率23.4 %,香蕉粘胶纤维的吸湿速率略高于普通粘胶纤维,Tencel纤维最低;放湿速率香蕉粘胶纤维最高,Tencel纤维粘胶纤维居中,普通粘胶纤维最低。     

天然竹纤维与竹浆粘胶纤维的结构性能比较

竹纤维有以竹材为原料制成浆粕,经纺丝加工而成的竹浆粘胶纤维;也有从竹材中以物理化学方法直接提取出的天然竹纤维,两种纤维因来源不同,故性能差异很大.本文对两种竹纤维的结构与性能进行了较全面的比较研究.研究结果表明天然竹纤维具有优异的抗菌性能,夏季干爽舒适性好,热稳定性好,结构上属结晶度高、大分子排列紧密的典型的纤维素Ⅰ型结晶.竹浆粘胶纤维则由于纺丝过程而在性能上受到很大损伤,强力低、结晶度低、大分子排列较稀疏,回潮率高,属于与普通粘胶纤维相似的再生纤维素纤维.     

天然竹纤维与竹浆粘胶纤维的结构性能比较

竹纤雏有以竹材为原料制成浆粕，经纺丝加工而成的竹浆粘胶纤维；也有从竹材中以物理化学方法直接提取出的天然竹纤维，两种纤维因来源不同，故性能差异很大。本文对两种竹纤维的结构与性能进行了较全面的比较研究。研究结果表明：天然竹纤维具有优异的抗茵性能，夏季干爽舒适性好，热稳定性好，结构上属结晶度高、大分子排列紧密的典型的纤维素Ⅰ型结晶。竹浆粘胶纤维则由于纺丝过程而在性能上受到很大损伤，强力低、结晶度低、大分子排列较稀疏，回潮率高，属于与普通粘胶纤维相似的再生纤维素纤维。     

菠萝皮可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺的研究

为了提高菠萝的综合利用水平,以菠萝皮为原料,采用纤维素酶水解法从菠萝皮中提取可溶性膳食纤维,以单因素试验为基础,对正交试验的工艺参数进行优化。结果表明：菠萝皮可溶性膳食纤维最佳的提取工艺条件为：纤维素酶浓度0.7％、料液比1 ∶ 30、酶解温度60 ℃、浸提4次、pH 5.6、酶解时间75 min;在此工艺条件下,可溶性膳食纤维的提取率可达23.89％;膳食纤维的持水力为11.86 g/g,溶胀性为15.5 mL/g,持油力6.94 g/g。此结果表明菠萝皮膳食纤维具有良好的理化性能。     

黄麻圆果种与长果种的同功酶分析

黄麻是重要的韧皮纤维作物,是麻袋纺织工业的原料,近百年来在世界各地广泛应用黄麻作麻袋原料是由于它的成本低,纺织容易;其纤维含半纤维素高达22—26％,故具有很大的吸湿性能,在空气相对湿度88％以上时,吸收水份23％以后,表面仍能保持干燥状态,且吸水后,散发水份也快,故用     

黄麻圆果种与长果种的同功酶分析

黄麻是重要的韧皮纤维作物，是麻袋纺织工业的原料，近百年来在世界各地广泛应用黄麻作麻袋原料是由于它的成本低，纺织容易；其纤维含半纤维素高达22—26％，故具有很大的吸湿性能，在空气相对湿度88％以上时，吸收水份23％以后，表面仍能保持干燥状态，且吸水后，散发水份也快，故用于包装农产品等有防潮作用。     

麻盖涤吸湿快干针织面料性能及整理工艺研究

以纯苎麻纱和细旦涤纶为原料编织麻盖涤双面针织物；用亲水性硅油、水性聚氨酯、纤维紊酶等进行吸湿快干、柔软以及消除刺痒感的整理。结果表明：麻盖涤针织面料的吸湿快干性能比棉盖涤好，通过应用合适的整理剂和整理工艺能有效地解决麻盖涤针织物手感和刺痒感问题。本文还对纯苎麻纱针织织造中断纱爆孔问题提出了解决的措施。     

菠萝叶纤维抗菌机理的初步研究

采用相关标准,对菠萝叶纤维的抗菌性进行测试,从菠萝叶纤维形态结构、化学组成上研究菠萝叶纤维的抗菌作用和机制.结果表明,菠萝叶纤维表面有纵向裂缝和孔洞,比表面积大,易于吸附氧气.破坏了厌氧菌的生存环境;菠萝叶纤维中的酚类物质可能存在于木质素中,可阻碍细菌等微生物代谢作用和生理活动,破坏菌体的结构,最终导致菌体的生长繁殖被抑制.     

棉花小知识

1、什么是棉花回潮率？如何测算？回潮率是指棉花中所含的水分与干纤维重量的百分比。回潮率与含水率不同,含水率指棉花中所含的水分与湿纤维重量的百分比。国标规定,棉花公定回潮率为8.5%,回潮率最高限度为10.5%。具体计算公式为：回潮率=（湿纤维重量-干纤维重量）/干纤维重量×100。实际工作中回潮率是用仪器测定的。2、什么是含杂率？如何测定？含杂率指棉花中含有沙土、枝叶、铃壳、软籽表皮等非危害性杂物的比例。国标规定锯齿棉标准含杂率为2.5%。实际工作中一般用原棉杂质分析机测定原棉含杂率。3、什么是危害性杂物？危害性杂物是指混入棉花中的对棉花加工、使用和棉花质量有严重影响的硬杂物和软杂物,     

应用体外产气法研究3种农业废弃物对黑山羊的饲用价值

为了测定甘蔗尾叶、香蕉茎秆、菠萝叶3种热带农业废弃物对海南黑山羊的饲用价值,采用体外产气法测定3种热带农业废弃物的体外干物质消化率和产气量,并测定其营养成分和单宁含量.结果表明:甘蔗尾叶、香蕉茎秆、菠萝叶的体外于物质消化率(IVDMD)依次为49.68％、61.86％和79.56％,饲料相对值(RFV)依次为62.65％、77.23％和139.81％.总产气量(GP)、IVDMD与粗蛋白质(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)均呈负相关,RFV与CP和总能量(GE)呈不显著正相关,而与ADF和NDF呈显著负相关(p＜0.05).综上所述,甘蔗尾叶、香蕉茎秆、菠萝叶对于海南黑山羊均具有一定的饲用价值,可作为黑山羊的粗饲料;在3种废弃物中,菠萝叶的饲用价值最高.     

Optimization of enzymatic treatment of polyester fabrics by lipase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porcine Pancreas</Emphasis>

The aim of this study was to provide the optimum condition for improving the hydrophilicity of PET fabrics by lipase treatment. The lipase hydrolytic activity, moisture regain, and wettability of PET fabrics were measured at different pH, temperature, reaction time, and concentration. The hydrolytic activity of lipase was evaluated by the number of carboxylic groups, using the titration method. Each treatment condition was controlled by measuring the hydrolytic activity, moisture regain, and wettability. The lipase treatment condition was controlled at pH 7.5, temperature 40 °C, treatment time 90 min, and concentration 6.25 g/l. Lipase treatment was an effective method to improve the moisture regain and wettability of PET fabrics because lipase hydrolysis formed hydrophilic groups on the surface of PET fabrics. The surface of the lipase-treated PET fabrics showed cracks and voids, largely responsible for the increase in the PET’s water-related properties. The nitrogen contents of the lipase-treated PET fabrics were measured at only 0.072 %. Thus, the improvement of the surface wettability of the lipase-treated PET surface was associated with the hydrolytic action of lipase rather than with protein absorption.     

A novel method to analyze the moisture liberation of textile fabrics

In this paper, a purpose-built apparatus was used to analyze the moisture liberation of textile fabrics. Fabrics were wetted and placed in an air-conditioned room to test the variation of weight and surface temperature during the process of moisture liberation. Effects of textile materials and fabric structures on the velocities of moisture liberation of fabrics were analyzed; the temperature variation and its relationship with moisture regains of fabrics in the moisture liberation were also studied. Moisture liberation velocities of polyester and silk fabrics are much higher than that of wool and cotton fabrics. For the same textile materials, knitted fabrics absorbed more water and thus took longer time to liberate the water. The surface temperature of fabrics showed three stages during moisture liberation. With the decrease of moisture regain, fabric temperature decreased gradually and jumped quickly to ambient temperature. In this way we could evaluate the moisture desorption of fabrics and develop quick-drying fabrics with imporved moisture and thermal properties.     

郑单958与先玉335子粒脱水特征研究

以目前我国种植面积最大的玉米品种郑单958和先玉335为试验材料,对其子粒脱水情况及相关因素进行初步分析。研究结果表明,子粒含水率与脱水速率均随生育进程的推进不断降低,但两个品种差异明显。生理成熟时,郑单958子粒含水率为27.19%~30.51%,先玉335为24.61%~26.78%,较郑单958低2.58~3.73个百分点。含水率稳定时,郑单958和先玉335的子粒含水率分别为21.77%和16.96%,先玉335较郑单958低4.81个百分点。郑单958的子粒脱水速率低于先玉335,调查范围内该品种子粒含水率均高于先玉335。相关分析显示,子粒含水率变化与苞叶、穗轴的含水率变化呈极显著正相关,与穗柄含水率变化无相关性,苞叶和穗柄的含水率品种间差异不显著,穗轴含水率则有明显的品种间差异。     

Characterization of conductive polypyrrole coated wool yarns

Wool yarns were coated with conducting polypyrrole by chemical synthesis methods. Polymerization of pyrrole was carried out in the presence of wool yarn at various concentrations of the monomer and dopant anion. The changes in tensile, moisture absorption, and electrical properties of the yarn upon coating with conductive polypyrrole are presented. Coating the wool yarns with conductive polypyrrole resulted in higher tenacity, higher breaking strain, and lower initial modulus. The changes in tensile properties are attributed to the changes in surface morphology due to the coating and reinforcing effect of conductive polypyrrole. The thickness of the coating increased with the concentration of p-toluene sulfonic acid, which in turn caused a reduction in the moisture regain of the wool yarn. Reducing the synthesis temperature and replacing p-toluenesulfonic acid by anthraquinone sulfonic acid resulted in a large reduction in the resistance of the yarn.     

Liquid handling properties of hollow viscose rayon/super absorbent fibers nonwovens for reusable incontinence products

To develop reusable incontinence products, blend nonwovens of hollow viscose rayon (HVR) and super absorbent fibers (SAFs) were prepared using a needle-punching process and their liquid handling properties, such as the fluid absorption capacity, fluid retention capacity, fluid absorption under load, moisture evaporation rate, and repeated water absorption were investigated. As the SAF content in the HVR/SAF blend nonwovens was increased, the fluid absorption capacity, fluid retention capacity, and fluid absorption under load increased, whereas the moisture evaporation rate decreased. SAF had a more significant effect on fluid retention than fluid absorption. In the case of HVR/SAF(8/2) and HVR/SAF(7/3), more than 100 % of the fluid absorption capacity was retained even after 5 cycles of repeated water absorption tests. Overall, the HVR/SAF blend nonwovens are good candidates for reusable incontinence products.     

菠萝叶纤维素均相酯化改性制备甲醛气体净化材料

以菠萝叶纤维为原料,采用均相酯化取代反应制备了改性纤维素甲醛净化材料。以氯化血红素为催化剂、DMSO/LiCl为溶剂,在均相条件下对菠萝叶纤维素进行酯化取代改性反应。系统考察了反应条件对纤维素酯化效率的影响,改性后的菠萝叶纤维素的酯化效率为15.64%,并且其对甲醛降解效果最好。对改性前后的菠萝叶纤维素进行扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和比表面积(BET)分析,发现改性纤维素表面出现大量颗粒状物质;有氯化血红素的吸收峰出现;改性纤维素的比表面积显著提高,有利于吸附甲醛;热分解温度降低、最终残留物比例较高,说明了发生了酯化取代反应。     

A comparative study on performance properties of yarns and knitted fabrics made of biodegradable and conventional fibers

Biodegradable products are parts of a natural cycle. The biopolymers and the fibers that can be produced from them are very attractive on the market because of the positive human perception. Therefore, PLA being a well known biodegradable fiber and some conventional fibers were selected for the current study to examine the differences between them and to emphasize the importance of biodegradability beside fabric performance. 14.8 tex (Ne 40/1) combed ring spun yarns produced from biodegradable fiber PLA, new generation regenerated fibers Modal and Tencel, synthetic and blends 50/ 50 % cotton/polyester and 50/50 % viscose/polyester, polyester were selected as yarn types and by using these yarns, six knitted fabrics were produced and some important yarn and fabric properties were compared. In this context, moisture and the tensile behavior of yarns and pilling, bursting strength, air permeability and moisture management properties of the test fabrics are discussed.     

保水缓释肥料保水性能及养分释放特性

为了明确添加水溶性保水剂(羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠)肥料的保水缓释效果,利用圆盘造粒工艺制备了保水缓释肥料,通过土壤培养和土柱淋溶试验,研究了保水缓释肥料在土壤中的保水性能和养分缓释效果。结果表明:3种保水缓释肥料均具有一定保水性和养分缓释效果,随保水缓释肥料用量增加,土壤最大持水率逐渐增加,土壤水分蒸发率逐渐减小;其中,以添加聚丙烯酸钠的保水缓释肥料保水性能和养分缓释效果最佳,首次淋溶后氮磷钾养分释放率较普通肥料分别减少了50.38%、55.74%、48.37%,当肥料添加量为2%时,土壤最大持水率较纯土壤提高了43.28%,培养至30 d土壤水分蒸发率较纯土壤降低了22.86%。     

缓释、控释肥料对大豆产量的影响

利用缓释或控释肥料，在盆栽条件下研究了大豆生育期间干物质积累，分配，养分吸收和产量的变化。结果表明，生育期间的总干物质的积累，结英期以前所有缓释肥料处理的均高于对照，尤以LP-40和LP-70的处理作用明显，而结荚后只有LP-40，LP-70和LP-SS100A3个处理的干物重高于对照；缓释时间短的肥料对氮素的吸收影响不大，而时间长的则减少前期的吸收，然而，缓释或控释肥料均能一定程度的增加K^ 的含量，但对PO4^3-影响不大。控释肥料LP-SS100A可增产21.9%，而缓释肥料LP-70和LP-180A分别增产13.1%和12.2%。