紫花苜蓿耐盐新品系选择效果的研究

紫花苜蓿耐盐新品系是以保定，南皮，ＲＳ和秘鲁苜蓿为亲本材料，于１９８８－１９９４年在河北省中捷农场和山东省德州市苗圃，通过四代混合选择而成。１９９５－１９９７年通过盆栽耐盐鉴定，品种比较试验和生产试验，对新品系耐盐性进行系统研究。结果表明，在０．３％和０．４％ＮａＣｌ胁迫下，盆栽耐盐苜蓿的干重比保定苜蓿分别提高１３．０％和１１．３％。     

RAPD技术在苜蓿耐盐遗传育种中的应用

以中苜一号苜蓿和繁盐苜蓿大西洋为材料,应用RAPD技术,对14组280条随机引物进行筛选,结果表明:OPW三条引物、OPV三条引物、OPM四条引物、OPT五条引物、OPQ五条引物、OPZ三条引物、OPP三条引物、OPK三条引物、OPL一条引物、OPO七三条引物,共37条都呆作炎DNA多态性引物,为耐盐苜蓿的耐盐基因分子遗传标记的研究奠定了基础。     

紫花苜蓿耐盐种质资源的遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD技术分析了25个紫花苜蓿耐盐品种的遗传结构和遗传多样性。结果表明,30条引物在25个紫花苜蓿耐盐品种单株DNA间的多态性位点比率(P)为81.52%,在各品种混合DNA间的多态性位点比率为61.65%,说明采用单株DNA样品比采用混合DNA样品能更好地揭示紫花苜蓿品种内和品种间的遗传变异水平。基因分化系数(Gst)主要反应品种间变异占总变异的比例,中国18个耐盐紫花苜蓿品种和美国7个耐盐紫花苜蓿品种的基因分化系数分别为0.271和0.152,表明中国耐盐紫花苜蓿种质资源品种间基因交流机会比美国品种间交流机会多。紫花苜蓿作为典型的异交植物,其生物群体的遗传结构与其繁育体系具有直接的联系。依据遗传距离(GD)分析结果,25份材料从遗传结构上可以分为9个组群,其中图牧1号和图牧2号遗传距离最小(GD=0.148),捷达和图牧1号遗传距离最大(GD=0.786)。紫花苜蓿耐盐种质遗传多样性分析为紫花苜蓿耐盐核心种质库构建和耐盐新品种选育提供了理论依据。     

NaCl胁迫下苜蓿不同器官中离子分布及耐盐机制分析

通过对耐盐性不同的苜蓿材料在NaCl胁迫下不同器官盐离子含量的测定,研究离子在苜蓿不同器官中的分布情况以及离子在苜蓿耐盐性中的作用.以耐盐苜蓿材料1969和盐敏感苜蓿材料0137为试验材料,用NaCl浓度为0、0.1％、0.3％、0.5％的盐浓度进行胁迫处理,30d后利用离子发射光谱法对根、茎、叶中Na+、K+、Ca2+含量进行测定.试验结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的升高,苜蓿根、茎、叶中Na+含量升高,K+含量下降,Ca2+含量也呈下降趋势.根、茎、叶中Na+、K+含量及K/Na比值在耐盐材料和盐敏感材料之间有显著差异,根、茎中Ca2+含量二者之间差异不显著,叶中差异显著.耐盐材料的根、叶中Na+含量显著低于盐敏感材料,耐盐材料K+含量、K/Na比值高于盐敏感材料.     

苜蓿品种发芽期耐盐性研究

在引进国内外10个苜蓿品种的基础上,通过实验室盐水发芽试验测定出各苜蓿品种种子萌发期的耐盐能力,为进一步开展耐盐试验研究提供科学依据。     

苜蓿品种发芽期耐盐性研究

在引进国内外10个苜蓿品种的基础上,通过实验室盐水发芽试验测定出各苜蓿品种种子萌发期的耐盐能力,为进一步开展耐盐试验研究提供科学依据。     

苜蓿品种苗期耐盐性的研究

在引进国内外10个苜蓿品种的基础上,通过利用盆栽盐胁迫试验生长指标测定方法测定出各苜蓿品种苗期的耐盐能力,为进一步开展盐碱地耐盐试验提供了科学依据。     

五种豆科牧草耐盐临界值、极限值的研究

针对黄淮海２０００ｋｍ２内陆盐碱地，经２年时间，用盆栽实验方法进行研究，确定出五种豆科牧草耐盐临界值和极限值。其中保定苜蓿、猎人河苜蓿、红豆草这三种豆科牧草耐盐临界值为０．４％，极限值为０．５％。草木樨耐盐临界值为０．３％，极限值为０．４％。沙打旺耐盐临界值０．２％，极限值为０．３％。     

紫花苜蓿萌发出苗期的耐盐鉴定方法

紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）有一定的喜盐性,培育耐盐苜蓿品种可以开发和利用我国的盐碱地。但是,目前还没有一种能够简单、直接、便捷且高效的苜蓿耐盐性鉴定方法。本研究选择生产上常用的5个不同耐盐性的紫花苜蓿品种,利用发芽试验法、营养液法和自然盐水法3种方法对苜蓿芽期和苗期的耐盐性进行鉴定。通过相对发芽率、平均相对发芽势、平均相对根长等多项评价指标计算出耐盐指数,根据耐盐指数对5个紫花苜蓿品种进行耐盐性评价。结果表明,营养液法是苜蓿材料耐盐性鉴定的最优方法。     

牧草耐盐力及盐碱地引种试验

供试５种禾本科牧草的耐盐力出苗期为０．３％－０．４％，生长中期为０．５％－０．７％在盐碱地上种植表现良好，可在黄淮海平原黑龙港地区的中度盐渍土上进行了栽培利用。     

盐胁迫对野生樱桃幼苗生长的影响及其耐盐性分析

为了扩大樱桃的栽培区域、在沿海大城市周边轻度盐碱地上栽培,试验以野生樱桃砧木实生苗四川樱桃、黑山樱、大青叶为试验材料,通过不同浓度的盐胁迫处理（0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6% NaCl）和植株的各项生长指标测定（株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶面积）,比较了野生樱桃的耐盐性。结果显示：在盐胁迫下,大青叶樱桃相对株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积的平均值均最大,黑山樱除相对茎粗平均值外,其余3项生长指标均高于四川樱桃。隶属函数综合分析显示,3种野生樱桃幼苗生长期的耐盐性为：大青叶>黑山樱 >四川樱桃。     

奶牛食盐中毒

食盐为奶牛重要的饲料成分之一，如采食过多或饲喂不当时，会发生中毒。现将我区某奶牛场发生的一起奶牛食盐中毒事故介绍如下：     

鸡食盐中毒

随着养鸡业的发展,鸡食盐中毒事例越来越多,给养殖者带来很大的经济损失。本文就食盐中毒的剂量、原因、机理、症状作一概括性总结,以便大家对鸡食盐中毒有一整体认识。     

探访千年古盐田海南洋浦制盐业的如烟往事

数千个“砚台”一般的盐槽，随意散布在如画的海滩上，好像棋盘上一个个青黑色的棋子，看似毫无规律，却又暗合玄机。
　　“盐田不传外姓人”、“女种田，男晒盐”，这是盐田村的传统，制盐一直是盐田村的主业，由成年男丁操持，而种田则变成了副业，交由女子劳作。
　　千百年来，这片古盐田一直坚定地扎根在海滩上，支撑着村民的生活，如今虽已风光不再，却以深厚的历史印记，成为海南岛上一道绝美的风景。     

Salt poisoning in broiler chickens

The clinical signs of salt poisoning in young chickens are thirst, diarrhoea and weakness. When 13 500 broilers are simultaneously affected, the deterioration that occurs in their physical condition and in the litter beneath their feet is dramatic. Two flocks of meat chickens on a small unit in North Otago were affected in this way.     

Salt poisoning in broiler chickens

The incident occurred on a small, owner-operated broiler unit that used home-mixed feed. Two flocks of broilers, one aged 6 weeks and one aged 6 days, developed signs of watery diarrhoea, thirst and weakness. Over 3 days the mortality increased considerably and many birds were noticed to show laboured breathing. The majority of dead birds had an excess of clear fluid in the pericardial sac, oedematous lungs and pale swollen kidneys. Cystic dilation of the testes was conspicuous in several birds from the younger flock killed at 12 days of age. This lesion is a specific indication of sodium toxicity in young broilers. Histological lesions were those associated with cardiovascular collapse and hypoxia. Liver levels of sodium chloride were 4 g/kg of wet weight. Broiler feed samples contained more than 7% sodium chloride whereas the nutritional specifications were for 0.4%. The rations had been correctly mixed and the problem was traced to a faulty batch of meatmeal that had been contaminated by salt used for curing hides.     

Salt poisoning in turkey poults

A 4% mortality in 5-to-11-day-old turkey poults was attributed to 1.85% sodium chloride in the feed. The syndrome included peracute respiratory distress, ascites, and sudden death that resembled peracute heart failure. Clinical signs were observed only in the final phase of the toxicity, but progressive histologic lesions were found. Live, apparently unaffected poults showed increases in intracellular glycogen and cytoplasmic granularity, loss of striation, and early mild intercellular myocardial edema; similar but more severe histologic lesions were seen in live, ascites-affected poults. The ascites-affected poults had hydropericardium and hydrothorax which seemed to develop just minutes before death. Ultrastructurally, focal areas of myocardial cells exhibited myofibrillar disarray, lysis of myofilaments, widened Z-bands, and dilation of sarcoplasmic reticulum.