红脂大小蠹治理新技术

红脂大小蠹已经对我国华北、西北的油松乃至全国大部分地区的松林构成了比较严重的威胁。一旦传入定居后,将不断地扩大危害,因此,需要应用新技术来治理红脂大小蠹。     

我省红脂大小蠹的发生现状及治理策略

本文阐述了我省红脂大小蠹的发生现状、发生原因。主要讨论了该虫工程治理的策略,提出了分区治理、围点打缘、压缩发生区域、防止扩散蔓延的对策。     

太原地区红脂大小蠹防治技术

介绍了太原地区红脂大小蠹的生物学特性和危害特点,预测了红脂大小蠹发生的不同时期,总结了太原市国有林场红脂大小蠹防治工作中的经验和方法,提出了红脂大小蠹防治措施。     

红脂大小蠹研究文献综述

作者通过联机检索、查阅文献书籍、参加学术研讨会等途径，共收集国内外红脂大小蠹研究文献资料45条。对红脂大小蠹生物学、生态学、防治技术等方面研究概况进行了简要综述。     

红脂大小蠹的发生与治理

红脂大小蠹是近年来为害油松的园内新纪录种，１９９８年在山西省阳城，沁水县首次发现，此后在全省各地暴发成灾，发生面积高达２４.8万hm^2，为害空前猖獗，本文简要介绍了红脂大小蠹在山西省的发生与防治阶段成果，并提出了综合治理措施。     

阳城县红脂大小蠹监测及防治技术

分析了阳城县红脂大小蠹发生原因，介绍了红脂大小蠹形态特征及生物学特性、传播途径、为害树种和为害症状、虫情监测方法，提出了红脂大小蠹防治的营林、化学、生物、天敌等防治方法。     

平定县红脂大小蠹越冬调查简报

红脂大小蠹是危害极大的森林害虫。我省从 1999年起连续两年对该虫进行了大面积的防治 ,国家林业局也于 2 0 0 0年把该虫列为国家级重点森林病虫害工程治理项目。今年是工程治理的第 2年 ,又是控制红脂大小蠹扩散蔓延的关键一年。去年冬天全省平均气温较往年偏高 ,春季的平均气温为近年来的新低 ,降水量同往年相比明显提高 ,对该虫的越冬都会有所影响 ,今年初 ,我们在平定县对红脂大小蠹的越冬情况进行了初步调查 ,现将调查结果报告如下 :1　调查地点及时间平定县药林寺林场。 2 0 0 1年 4月 5日。2　林地基本因子药林寺林场海拔 10 0 0 m,…     

红脂大小蠹入侵新疆的风险分析

为有效防止红脂大小蠹（Dendroctonus valens RTB）扩散蔓延到新疆,文章根据相关文献,对红脂大小蠹的国内分布状况、潜在的危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性以及危险性的管理难度等几个方面进行定性和定量分析,对红脂大小蠹的危险性做出综合评价。结果表明,红脂大小蠹在新疆属于高度危险的森林有害生物。     

红脂大小蠹发生规律及防治技术

红脂大小蠹是山西省桑干河杨树丰产实验林区发生广泛的森林虫害之一,为害油松和樟子松。介绍了红脂大小蠹形态特征、发生及为害规律,并根据其发生特点,有针对性提出了预防和治理措施。     

辉县市红脂大小蠹诱捕器测报

红脂大小蠹（Dendroctonus valens）属鞘翅目小蠹科,自我国发现以来,成为了林业危害最严重的入侵害虫之一。采用诱捕器监测预报红脂大小蠹的方法,摸清了红脂大小蠹在辉县发生情况。结果表明,辉县市自2007年至2019年使用信息素诱捕器监测诱捕红脂大小蠹出现了先减少后增加的趋势;诱捕器诱捕红脂大小蠹数量与标准地危害株率相关性分析发现,信息素诱捕器诱捕到的红脂大小蠹能较好地反应自然发生情况;使用信息素与诱捕器相结合的方法,可准确地反映出红脂大小蠹在辉县的发生情况,根据红脂大小蠹发生规律选择合适节点进行有效防治,可逐渐减少红脂大小蠹虫口密度,达到预测预报和防治相结合的目的。     

短足筒天牛生物学特性的研究*

短足筒天牛（ＯｂｅｒｅａｆｅｒｒｕｇｉｎｅａＴｈｕｎｂｅｒｇ）是危害大叶黄杨的一种主要钻蛀性害虫，在合肥地区１ａ发生一代，以老熟幼虫在多年生枝干内越冬，翌年４月下旬开始化蛹，５月中旬为羽化高峰期，６月上、中旬为卵孵化盛期，１０月中、下旬开始越冬。其发生受光照的影响较大，同时成虫产卵对树势强弱有较强的选择性，植株各部位发生情况亦不相同。采取修剪的方法防治效果最佳。     

洞庭湖区杨树天牛发生与环境的关系

对洞庭湖区杨树天牛的为害情况进行了调查,分析了杨树天牛的发生与立地条件、地被物和树龄等因子之间的关系,为杨树的栽培管理和天牛防治提供了科学依据。     

Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US

The aim of our study was to estimate forest vulnerability and potential distribution of three bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under current and projected climate conditions for 2020 and 2050. Our study focused on the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis), and pine engraver (Ipspini). This study was conducted across eight states in the Interior West of the US covering approximately 2.2 million km² and encompassing about 95% of the Rocky Mountains in the contiguous US. Our analyses relied on aerial surveys of bark beetle outbreaks that occurred between 1991 and 2008. Occurrence points for each species were generated within polygons created from the aerial surveys. Current and projected climate scenarios were acquired from the WorldClim database and represented by 19 bioclimatic variables. We used Maxent modeling technique fit with occurrence points and current climate data to model potential beetle distributions and forest vulnerability. Three available climate models, each having two emission scenarios, were modeled independently and results averaged to produce two predictions for 2020 and two predictions for 2050 for each analysis. Environmental parameters defined by current climate models were then used to predict conditions under future climate scenarios, and changes in different species’ ranges were calculated. Our results suggested that the potential distribution for bark beetles under current climate conditions is extensive, which coincides with infestation trends observed in the last decade. Our results predicted that suitable habitats for the mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle will stabilize or decrease under future climate conditions, while habitat for the western pine beetle will continue to increase over time. The greatest increase in habitat area was for the western pine beetle, where one climate model predicted a 27% increase by 2050. In contrast, the predicted habitat of the mountain pine beetle from another climate model suggested a decrease in habitat areas as great as 46% by 2050. Generally, 2020 and 2050 models that tested the three climate scenarios independently had similar trends, though one climate scenario for the western pine beetle produced contrasting results. Ranges for all three species of bark beetles shifted considerably geographically suggesting that some host species may become more vulnerable to beetle attack in the future, while others may have a reduced risk over time.     

Influence of ozone and nitrogen deposition on bark beetle activity under drought conditions

Four years of severe drought from 1999 through 2003 led to unprecedented bark beetle activity in ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. Pines in the San Bernardino Mountains also were heavily impacted by ozone and nitrogenous pollutants originating from urban and agricultural areas in the Los Angeles basin. We studied bark beetle activity and bark beetle associated tree mortality in pines at two drought-impacted sites in the San Bernardino Mountains, one receiving high levels of atmospheric pollutants, and one with more moderate atmospheric input. We also investigated the effects of nitrogen addition treatments of 0, 50 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ at each site. Tree mortality and beetle activity were significantly higher at the high pollution site. Differences in beetle activity between sites were significantly associated with ozone injury to pines, while differences in tree mortality between sites were significantly associated with both ozone injury and fertilization level. Tree mortality was 9% higher and beetle activity 50% higher for unfertilized trees at the high pollution site compared to the low pollution site. Tree mortality increased 8% and beetle activity increased 20% under the highest rates of nitrogen additions at the low pollution site. The strong response in beetle activity to nitrogen additions at the low pollution site suggests that atmospheric nitrogen deposition increased tree susceptibility to beetle attack at the high deposition site. While drought conditions throughout the region were a major factor in decreased tree resistance, it appears that both ozone exposure and atmospheric nitrogen deposition further increased pine susceptibility to beetle attack.     

太原市油松小蠹虫及其综合防控技术研究

小蠹虫是一类重要的森林害虫,多为次期性害虫。通过调查,在太原市为害油松的主要种类是松六齿小蠹、松八齿小蠹和松十二齿小蠹;成虫扬飞期分别出现在5月份、7月份、8月份、9月份,是防治的关键时期;引起小蠹虫成灾的原因除自然因素外,主要是人为因素,所以防控小蠹虫要以虫情测报为基础,以检疫和林木管护措施为主导,并辅以生物、人工、化学等综合防控措施。     

花绒寄甲在甘肃地区越冬情况和耐寒能力调查

The Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis is a polyphagous xylophage native to Asia. This beetle is the most serious pest in the Three-north Areas of China. Dastarcus helophoroides plays an important role in biological control of the Asian long-horned beetle. In order to determine the probability of introducing this natural enemy to control A. glabripennis in the northwest of China, the overwintering survival of D. helophoroides in north China is a most important issue which should be understood. The overwintering place and survival of D. helophoroides were investigated respectively. The supercooling points of overwintering and laboratory strains of this parasitic beetle were assayed. The results indicated that most of this parasitic beetle chose the long-horned beetle pupa cell and the gallery as their overwintering place. A small proportion of them completed their overwintering process beneath the bark. Over 50% proportion of this beetle can complete the overwintering process successfully. Furthermore, the cold tolerance of overwintering strain was much stronger than that of the laboratory strain. These findings suggested that D. helophoroides can successfully accomplish the overwintering process in northwest of China. This might provide a support for introducing D. helophoroides to control the Asian long-horned beetle in these places.     

天牛卵寄生蜂研究进展及应用前景

本文对天牛卵期寄生性天敌的研究进展进行了综述。已有文献表明该领域的研究多集中在天敌资源调查、天敌分类与系统发育、天敌生物学特性、行为学特性、生殖与遗传多样性、化学生态学等方面,大部分属于基础性研究;但相对其他类群害虫的卵寄生蜂研究较少;仅见对极少数几种天牛卵寄生蜂的行为学、化学生态学机制有过较深入的探讨。天牛卵寄生蜂应用于生物防治实践的研究更少,这可能与天牛卵寄生蜂虫源获取困难、饲养技术研究薄弱有关,天牛卵寄生蜂的规模化繁育技术也制约了其生物防治利用。本综述对全面了解天牛卵期寄生性天敌研究进展提供了便捷,为今后加强和深入对天牛卵寄生蜂的研究利用提供了参考。     

松小蠹综合控制技术研究

为达到持续控制纵坑切梢小蠹(简称松小蠹)危害的目的，进行了松小蠹与云南松林分之间的关系、抚育间伐控制蠹害效果、蠹害木清理技术、聚集信息化合物引诱剂筛选及林问引诱技术、生物防治、化学防治等系列松小蠹综合控制技术研究。通过研究，初步探明了云南松林分与松小蠹危害之间的关系及受害林分内害虫的演变情况；证实了松小蠹生活史中姐妹代的存在，摸清了姐妹代各虫态出现的时期、种群数量，为松小蠹的防治提供了科学依据；筛选出4种效果较好的引诱剂配方及两种可供推广的诱捕器，研究了引诱剂林间引诱、测报方法及应用粉拟青霉菌杀虫剂防治扬飞期成虫技术，提出了一套完整的松小蠹综合控制措施。     

Risk rating for mountain pine beetle infestation of lodgepole pine forests over large areas with ordinal regression modelling

The mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins is endemic to lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann, forests in western Canada. However, the current beetle epidemic in this area highlights the challenges faced by forest managers tasked with prioritizing stands for mitigation activities such as salvage harvesting and direct control methods. In western Canada, the operational risk rating system for mountain pine beetle is based on biological knowledge gained from a rich legacy of stand-scale field studies. Due to the large spatial (millions of hectares affected) and temporal (over 10 years) extents of the current epidemic, new research into large-area mountain pine beetle processes has revealed further insights into the landscape-scale characteristics of beetle infested forests. In this paper, we evaluated the potential for this new knowledge to augment an established system for rating the short-term risk of tree mortality in a stand due to mountain pine beetle. New variables explored for utility in risk rating include direct shortwave radiation, site index, diameter at breast height, the temporal trends in local beetle populations, Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification and beetle–host interaction variables. Proportional odds ordinal regression was used to develop a model for the Vanderhoof Forest District in west-central British Columbia. Prediction on independent data was assessed with the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), indicating good discriminatory power (AUC = 0.84) for predicting levels of mountain pine beetle-caused pine mortality.     

Isolation and characterization of 10 new microsatellite loci in the ambrosia beetle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platypus quercivorus</Emphasis>

The ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus, is an insect vector for the causal agent of Japanese oak wilt disease, Raffaelea quercivora. We have developed 10 new polymorphic microsatellite markers from Type 1, one of the genetic types of the beetle, using a biotin-enrichment procedure. Fifty-three adult beetles were used for characterization of the markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine (average 4.9). The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.49 to 0.77 and from 0.44 to 0.80, respectively. None of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. No linkage disequilibrium was detected in any pairwise comparisons of loci. Most of the markers successfully amplified in other genetic types of the beetle. These markers could become useful tools for population genetic studies and for parentage and sibship analysis for this beetle.