化学杀雄剂EXP对油菜膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of chemical emasculation in rapeseed and to provide the theoretical basis for development and utilization of new chemical gametocides.[Method] The activity of peroxidase,catalase and the content of hydrogen peroxide,malondialdehyde in leaves and flower buds of Brassica napus cultivars Qinyou No.3 and L89 induced by the chemical gametocide EXP in the course of male sterility were studied.[Result] Protective enzyme activity and the content of hydrogen peroxide,malondialdehyde in rapeseed treated with EXP changed significantly,which indicated that active oxygen metabolism was abnormal.Furthermore,there was a significant difference in the reaction degree of different cultivars and organs treated by EXP.[Conclusion] There was a correlation between the disturbance of active oxygen metabolism and the male sterility induced by chemical gametocide EXP.     

Effect of Chemical Gametocide EXP on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Protective Enzyme Activity in Rapeseed (Brassica napus)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of chemical emasculation in rapeseed and to provide the theoretical basis for development and utilization of new chemical gametocides.[Method] The activity of peroxidase,catalase and the content of hydrogen peroxide,malondialdehyde in leaves and flower buds of Brassica napus cultivars Qinyou No.3 and L89 induced by the chemical gametocide EXP in the course of male sterility were studied.[Result] Protective enzyme activity and the content of hydrogen peroxide,malondialdehyde in rapeseed treated with EXP changed significantly,which indicated that active oxygen metabolism was abnormal.Furthermore,there was a significant difference in the reaction degree of different cultivars and organs treated by EXP.[Conclusion] There was a correlation between the disturbance of active oxygen metabolism and the male sterility induced by chemical gametocide EXP.     

低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究(英文)

[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.     

β-氨基丁酸诱导水稻稻瘟病抗性对活性氧代谢的影响(英文)

[Objective] This study was to understand the effects of β-Amino butyric acid(abbreviated as BABA) induced rice blast resistance on reactive oxygen metabolism. [Method] Using the cultivar Chaochan 2 that is highly susceptible to disease as experimental material, the changes of catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and MDA activities in rice treated by BABA were investigated. [Result] In rice plants treated by BABA, the activities of CAT and SOD increased, meanwhile the MDA content also rose to some extent, resulting in the disease resistance to rice blast. [Conclusion] By influencing reactive oxygen metabolism, BABA endows rice plants with resistance to rice blast. BABA is safe to environment and has highly resistance-inducing capacity, it could be generalized in production.     

Changes of oxidative metabolism in the roots of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings in response to elevated ammonium concentrations

To elucidate the response of oxidative metabolism, triggered by elevated ammonium(NH_4~+) concentrations, on root growth of wheat seedlings, Yumai 49(NH_4~+-tolerant) and Lumai 15(NH_4~+-sensitive) cultivars were supplied with either 5.0 mmol L~(–1) NH_4~+-N(EAC) or 5.0 mmol L–1 NO_3–-N(CON) under hydroponic conditions. Root growth in both cultivars was significantly reduced under EAC, and the negative effect was greater in Lumai 15. EAC enhanced the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase in the roots of both cultivars, while it decreased ascorbic acid(ASA) content and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase(GMPase) activity at the 12 th day after treatment in Lumai 15 by 62.0 and 71.4%; and in Yumai 49 by 38.8 and 62.2%, respectively, indicating that the regeneration of ASA was increased, but the biosynthesis of ASA was reduced under EAC treatment. Moreover, EAC increased DHA/ASA, reactive oxygen species(ROS), and malondialdehyde contents, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities in the roots of both cultivars. Relatively greater increases in ROS and soluble sugar, and lower antioxidant enzyme activities in Lumai 15 indicate severe disruption of oxidative metabolism when compared to Yumai 49. Results reveal that the reduction of ASA biosynthesis via decreased GMPase activity under the EAC condition probably acts as a trigger for accumulated ROS and imbalanced redox status, resulting in root growth inhibition during wheat seedling growth stage. Yumai 49, being an NH_4~+-tolerant cultivar, had the stronger capacity to protect itself from oxidative stress, which allowed it to retain a lower DHA to ASA ratio by maintaining a better redox homeostasis than could be maintained in the NH_4~+-sensitive cultivar Lumai 15.     

植物HSP70反义基因工程雄性不育表达载体的构建及鉴定(英文)

[Objective]In order to study the relation between the HSP70 gene and male sterility of plant further.[Method]s]Anther specific expression promoter Osg6B of rice was coloned by PCR then connected with HSP70 antisense fragment to construct HSP70 antisense expression vector.The expression vector was identified by PCR experiment and enzyme digestion.[Result]The sequence of coloned Osg6B promoter had 97% homology to the published sequence,and the cis-regulatory element in promoter area was integrated.HSP70 antisense expression vector driven by the promoter Osg6B was confired by colony PCR and enzyme digestion.[Conclusion]The construction of expression vector would lay solid foundation for utilization of genetic engineering male sterility of plant.     

Construction and Identification of HSP70 Antisense RNA Expression Vector for Genetic Engineering Male Sterility in Plant

[Objective]In order to study the relation between the HSP70 gene and male sterility of plant further.[Method]s]Anther specific expression promoter Osg6B of rice was coloned by PCR then connected with HSP70 antisense fragment to construct HSP70 antisense expression vector.The expression vector was identified by PCR experiment and enzyme digestion.[Result]The sequence of coloned Osg6B promoter had 97% homology to the published sequence,and the cis-regulatory element in promoter area was integrated.HSP70 antisense expression vector driven by the promoter Osg6B was confired by colony PCR and enzyme digestion.[Conclusion]The construction of expression vector would lay solid foundation for utilization of genetic engineering male sterility of plant.     

Application of Molecular Markers Linking to Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Loci to Assist Maintainer Line Selection and Their Selection Efficiency in Welsh Onion （Allium fistulosum L.）

Cytoplasmic male sterility exists widely in most natural populations of welsh onion （Alliumfistulosum L.）, which makes it possible to breed out many male sterile lines for heterosis utilization. Unfortunately, the breeding of cytoplasmic male sterility in welsh onion has a little progress due to the limitation of its biological characteristic and traditional selection approach. To study the feasibility and the efficiency of utilizing marker assisted selection for male sterile lines in welsh onion, one SCAR marker, SCS13, and one RAPD marker, S2002400, which could distinguish between N and S cytoplasm in several welsh onion cultivars, were identified. The two markers were then confirmed by Southern blotting, and used to screen the N or S cytoplasm of individual plants in seven welsh onion cultivars in this study. Male sterile and fertile plants were evaluated by aceto-carmine dying. The frequency of N-cytoplasmic plants and maintainer genotype was calculated in the seven open populations of welsh onion. The minimum number of plants needed to identify a maintainer was evaluated to be 95% reliable. Results showed that 20 to 80% decrease of crosses and self-crosses for identifying a maintainer genotype could be achieved by the marker-assisted selection compared with traditional selection method. It was proved that the molecular markers could precisely identify cytoplasmic types individually, performed by one generation of cross and two generations of testcrosses and self-crosses. Finally, several maintainer genotype plants were selected with the help of the two markers in the seven cultivars. The screened markers could assist and accelerate sterile and maintainer lines selection with less labor and cost.     

石漠化生态恢复过程中土壤磷含量的比较研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to study change law of phosphorus content of soil in karst rocky desertification region(KRD) during eco-restoration process such as Northwest Guangxi Province.[Method] The soil samples were collected from typical KRD in Pingguo County and Yizhou City.The determining quotas of different soil samples such as soil total phosphorus content and available phosphorus content were detected,in addition the soil total phosphorus content,available phosphorus content, urease activity, catalase activity and organic matter content in different soil samples were analyzed comparatively.[Result] Aspect,vegetation type and recovery time generated obviously influences on phosphorus contents in different soil samples.The concrete influence order was listed as follow: phosphorus content in soil of south slope was higher than that in soil of north slope;phosphorus content in soil where Zenia insignis Chun was planted was higher than that in soil of closed forest and that of soil where Dendrocalamus minor Var. amoen was planted,additionally,phosphorus increased with recovery time. Urease activity could be used as a monitoring index of soil fertility because it is related to the change of phosphorus content.[Conclusion] The soil of karst rocky desertification region in Northwest Guangxi Province could be recovered gradually if excessive human disturbance was stopped.If proper natural method of recovery promoted by human was taken,the recovery would reach a better result.     

Drought-induced responses of organic osmolytes and proline metabolism during pre-flowering stage in leaves of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),an improtant oil crop,usually encounters drought stress in the process of growth and development,especially at pre-flowering stage. In order to gain insight into the drought tolerance potentials based on osmolyte accumulation and metabolism of proline aspects of peanut,pot experiments were conducted with a split-plot design in Tai'an,Shangdong Province,China in 2013 and 2014. Pre-flowering drought(PFD) stress and optinum irrigation(control,CK) were served as the main plots and the two peanut cultivars Shanhua 11 and Hua 17 served as sub-plots. Shanhua 11 was drought-tolerant cultivar and Hua 17 was drought-sensitive. The content of soluble sugars,soluble protein,free proline and other free amino acids,the activities of enzymes involved in proline metabolism,and malondialdehyde(MDA) content and ion leakage were all investigated in the two cultivars at pre-flowering stage. Results showed that PFD stress significantly increased the levels of soluble protein,free proline and free amino acid,and increased Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase(P-5-CS,EC 2.7.2.11) activity in the leaves of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars. The activity of proline dehydrogenase(pro DH)(EC 1.5.99.8) decreased under PFD stress in both cultivars. The leaves of the tolerant cultivar maintained higher increments of osmolyte levels,lower increments of MDA content and ion leakage,as well as a higher increased proportion of P-5-CS activity and higher inhibited proportion of pro DH activity under water stress compared with the drought-sensitive cultivar. The study suggests that proline accumulation in peanut leaves under PFD can be explained by the higher enhanced activities of P-5-CS and higher inhibition of pro DH. The results will provide useful information for genetic improvement of peanut under drought tolerance.     

化学杀雄剂EXP对油菜膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响

[目的]为探讨油菜化学杀雄作用特征与机理,为新型化学杀雄剂的开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]对化学杀雄剂EXP诱导甘蓝型油菜品种秦油3号、L89雄性不育过程中叶片和花蕾中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及过氧化氢、丙二醛含量进行了测定。[结果]EXP处理后的油菜体内保护酶活性及过氧化氢、丙二醛含量发生显著变化,说明活性氧代谢出现了异常。同时,不同品种及器官对EXP处理的反应程度表现出较大差异。[结论]活性氧代谢失调与化学杀雄剂EXP诱导雄性败育具有关联性。     

甘蓝型油菜授粉控制系统研究现状与前景

对国内外传统和新型授粉控制系统的特点及发展潜力进行全面评述,为油菜杂种优势利用提供参考。中国杂交油菜生产的授粉控制系统具有多元化的特色,包括自交不亲和、细胞质雄性不育、细胞核雄性不育、化学杀雄和双重雄性不育等途径。由于目前油菜生产水平提高,许多遗传改良的新种质要尽快投入应用,加之国外改良Ogu CMS和基因工程雄性不育研究的快速发展,虽然通过组合我国现有的不同授粉控制系统可以增强稳定性,对于促进杂交种生产具有一定潜力,但开发我国具有自主知识产权的新型高效授粉控制系统,是目前亟待解决的首要问题。     

化学杀雄剂对油菜叶片和花蕾中几种酶活性的影响

对化学杀雄剂WP和YB诱导中双9号等油菜品种雄性不育过程中叶片和花蕾中POD、CAT和SOD活性进行了测定研究.结果表明,油菜体内这3种氧化酶的活性发生了变化,说明活性氧代谢出现了异常,活性氧代谢失调可能是化学杀雄剂WP和YB诱导油菜雄性不育的重要生理原因.     

新型化学杀雄剂CHA1对油菜膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响

对新型化学杀雄剂CHA1诱导油菜品种638和82089雄性不育过程中叶片和花蕾SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)和CAT(过氧化氢酶)酶活性变化及MDA(丙二醛)含量变化进行研究。结果表明,CHA1处理下,油菜叶片中SOD、POD和CAT酶活性都升高,MDA含量降低;而在花蕾中SOD酶活性升高,POD和CAT酶活性降低,MDA含量升高。表明在CHA1处理油菜花蕾败育过程中,细胞中发生了氧化保护酶的活性变化和膜脂过氧化。     

壳聚糖诱导脐橙果实抗病性、水杨酸及活性氧代谢变化

【目的】探讨壳聚糖处理对脐橙果实抗病性的诱导效果,以及对果实内源水杨酸(SA)含量和活性氧代谢的影响。【方法】以脐橙果实为试材,采收后不同时间用2%壳聚糖溶液浸泡处理1min,测定壳聚糖处理对果实青霉病抗病性、水杨酸含量和活性氧代谢的影响。【结果】壳聚糖处理显著降低脐橙果实接种发病率的升高和病斑直径的扩展(P0.01),诱导2d时抗病效果最显著。2%壳聚糖处理果实果皮内游离态SA和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量明显高于对照果实;壳聚糖处理提高脐橙果实过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,抑制过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,延缓果实还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)含量的下降,引起诱导初期还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的积累。【结论】2%壳聚糖处理可以诱导脐橙果实对青霉病的抗病性,其诱导的脐橙果实抗病反应涉及果皮内SA含量和活性氧水平的调节以及抗氧化酶活性的变化。     

狭卵链格孢菌毒素细交链孢菌酮酸诱导稗草叶片氧化胁迫和抗氧化酶变化的研究

[目的]确定细交链孢菌酮酸（tenuazonic acid,TeA）对稗草的毒害作用是否与其诱导氧化胁迫及抗氧化酶活性变化有关。[方法]通过离体试验研究了TeA处理稗草叶片丙二醛和过氧化氢含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化。[结果]稗草叶片经500μmol/L TeA处理后,叶片中丙二醛和过氧化氢含量分别较对照增加了247.86%和67.00%,表明TeA处理诱导了稗草叶片中活性氧暴发,并导致丙二醛和过氧化氢的大量积累。TeA引起超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著升高,其中在500μmol/LTeA处理下,稗草叶片SOD、GR和CAT活性均较对照增加1倍以上。[结论]TeA诱导活性氧的产生引起稗草叶片氧化胁迫,同时诱导叶片抗氧化酶活性升高。     

狭卵链格孢菌毒素细交链孢菌酮酸诱导稗草叶片氧化胁迫和抗氧化酶变化的研究

[目的]确定细交链孢菌酮酸（tenuazonic acid,TeA）对稗草的毒害作用是否与其诱导氧化胁迫及抗氧化酶活性变化有关。[方法]通过离体试验研究了TeA处理稗草叶片丙二醛和过氧化氢含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化。[结果]稗草叶片经500μmol/LTeA处理后,叶片中丙二醛和过氧化氢含量分别较对照增加了247.86%和67.00%,表明TeA处理诱导了稗草叶片中活性氧暴发,并导致丙二醛和过氧化氢的大量积累。TeA引起超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著升高,其中在500μmol/LTeA处理下,稗草叶片SOD、GR和CAT活性均较对照增加1倍以上。[结论]TeA诱导活性氧的产生引起稗草叶片氧化胁迫,同时诱导叶片抗氧化酶活性升高。     

壳聚糖诱导子促进喜树培养细胞喜树碱积累的研究

[目的]探讨壳聚糖诱导子对喜树悬浮培养细胞喜树碱积累的影响。[方法]在壳聚糖诱导的喜树悬浮培养体系中,测定培养细胞的干重、喜树碱的产量、过氧化氢和丙二醛的含量。[结果]在喜树悬浮培养细胞第20天加入最终浓度80mg/L的壳聚糖诱导子刺激36h后,喜树碱的总产量达到15.21mg/L,是未作处理的喜树碱总产量最大值（在细胞培养的第20天达到）的6.18倍。同时,受到诱导的培养细胞内过氧化氢和丙二醛的含量都急剧增加。[结论]壳聚糖诱导子的刺激能显著地促进喜树悬浮培养细胞喜树碱的生物合成。