两种运输车对驴运输应激的影响

本试验旨在研究改造运输车对缓解驴运输应激的效果。选取28头健康德州公驴，随机分为2组，从北京密云县运输至聊城市东阿县东阿黑毛驴研究所，路程约500 km，历时18 h。试验使用9.6 m长单层货车为运输车，对试验组（T）运输车进行改造，即加装顶层和双侧篷布、底部加装草帘和中部加装隔栏，对照组（C）不作处理。运输前后测定驴血液生化和激素指标，统计体重变化和发病驴数量。结果表明，与运输前相比，普通车组驴在落地当天检测到血清皮质醇（COR）、白蛋白（ALB）水平均显著升高（P<0.05），总蛋白（TP）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、热休克蛋白-90（HSP90）和肌酸激酶（CK）指标极显著升高（P<0.01），钙（Ca）浓度显著降低（P<0.05）。改造车组驴血液指标TP、AST和CK的变化范围低于普通车组。两组驴落地后血糖（GLU）水平均比运输前升高，但差异均不显著（P<0.05）。与运输前相比，改造车组驴落地后的体重减少低于普通车组；改造车组驴在落地后第10天平均体重接近运输前，而普通车组驴的平均体重在落地后第20天才基本恢复至运输前水平，即使用改造运输车辆可以尽早恢复体重。普通车组驴发病率为21.4%，改造车组为7.1%；两组均无死亡。综合上述结果，改造运输车可有效降低驴的运输应激，有利于提高动物运输福利，减少经济损失；本试验结果可为动物运输应激提供参考。     

饮水中添加“营养汤”对缓解驴运输应激的研究

为了探究"营养汤"对缓解驴运输应激的效果,试验在内蒙古赤峰市挑选24头健康德州驴,随机分为2组,每组12头,分别为"营养汤"组、对照组,经约960 km 21 h运输至山东省聊城市东阿县某养殖场,"营养汤"组驴在运输前和到场后在饮水中添加"营养汤",对照组不作处理,在运输前第5,3天和运输当天、落地当天及在落地后第3,5,7,9,15天采集驴的颈静脉血,测定血液生化指标、热休克蛋白-90(HSP90)、激素指标,统计到场15 d内驴的发病情况及体重变化。结果表明:与运输前比,对照组驴落地当天葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)浓度及肌酸激酶(CK)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性均显著升高(P0.05),皮质醇(COR)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)浓度均极显著升高(P0.01)。"营养汤"组驴在落地当天CK、AST活性及GLU、TC浓度与运输前比均差异不显著(P0.05);COR、ACTH浓度在落地后第3～9天恢复至运输前,而对照组则需要15 d左右;HSP90含量在落地15 d后仍高于运输前;"营养汤"组驴在落地当天比对照组驴体重减少损失3 kg/头;落地后15 d内,"营养汤"组驴发病率为16.7%,对照组为58.3%。说明在运输前后饮水中添加"营养汤"能够有效缓解驴的运输应激,提高免疫力。     

运输应激对驴血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究长途运输应激对驴血液指标的影响。试验以12头体重(140.8±5.2)kg的德州驴为研究对象,运输距离约950km,发车地气温为-20℃,目的地气温为-10℃,历时21h,其中包括10次停车观察(≤20min)。分别在运输前、运输后0h和运输后3、5、7、9、15d采集颈静脉血15mL,进行血液激素指标、血常规指标和血液生化指标检测,并分别记录运输前、运输后0h和运输后10、20、30d体重。结果显示,与运输前相比,落地后0h血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、热休克蛋白90(HSP90)和皮质醇(cortisol)浓度均显著升高(P<0.05),落地后3、5、7、9、15d内逐渐降低,ACTH和HSP90基本恢复至运输前水平;中性粒细胞总数(Neu)、红细胞总数(RBC)和血红蛋白浓度(HGB)均较运输前显著上升(P<0.05),白细胞总数(WBC)有所上升但与运输前差异不显著(P>0.05),淋巴细胞总数(LYM)较运输前显著下降(P<0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(CREA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、运输前后均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、尿素(UREA)均较运输前显著上升(P<0.05);体重较运输前显著下降(P<0.05),运输后10d内体重已恢复至运输前水平。上述结果表明,长途运输可诱发驴的应激反应、肝脏损伤、机体代谢水平升高等,但免疫系统未受到明显损害,在落地后15d内机体逐渐从应激反应中恢复至运输前状态。     

长途运输对驴血液生理生化指标的影响

研究长途运输对驴血液生理生化指标的影响,以期为减少驴群的长途运输损伤方法的实施提供理论依据。试验从内蒙赤峰随机选取12头6月龄体重145.8 kg±5.3 kg的健康驴运输至山东省聊城市,在运输前和运输后7 d内对驴颈静脉采血进行血液生化、血液急性期蛋白检测以及体重变化的统计。结果显示,对比运输前、运输后1 d血清中AST(P0.05)、UREA(P0.05)、CK(P0.01)含量显著升高,之后7 d内AST和CK逐渐下降,但7 d内尚未恢复到运输前水平,UREA含量在7 d内持续升高,其他生化指标TP、ALB、CREA、GLU、LDH、P的含量无明显变化(P0.05);SAA较运输前显著降低(P0.05),之后7 d内持续升高,CRP、HP、α1-AGP运输前后均未发生明显变化(P0.05),但都表现为先升高再降低趋势;运输后1 d驴的体重较运输前下降了5.14%,7 d内尚未恢复到运输前水平。以上结果表明,长途运输对驴机体有较大影响,显著降低了驴的体重,且在运输后需要7 d以上的恢复期。     

运输应激对驴血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究长途运输应激对驴血液指标的影响。试验以12头体重(140.8±5.2)kg的德州驴为研究对象,运输距离约950km,发车地气温为-20℃,目的地气温为-10℃,历时21h,其中包括10次停车观察(≤20min)。分别在运输前、运输后0h和运输后3、5、7、9、15d采集颈静脉血15mL,进行血液激素指标、血常规指标和血液生化指标检测,并分别记录运输前、运输后0h和运输后10、20、30d体重。结果显示,与运输前相比,落地后0h血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、热休克蛋白90(HSP90)和皮质醇(cortisol)浓度均显著升高(P0.05),落地后3、5、7、9、15d内逐渐降低,ACTH和HSP90基本恢复至运输前水平;中性粒细胞总数(Neu)、红细胞总数(RBC)和血红蛋白浓度(HGB)均较运输前显著上升(P0.05),白细胞总数(WBC)有所上升但与运输前差异不显著(P0.05),淋巴细胞总数(LYM)较运输前显著下降(P0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(CREA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、运输前后均未发生显著变化(P0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、尿素(UREA)均较运输前显著上升(P0.05);体重较运输前显著下降(P0.05),运输后10d内体重已恢复至运输前水平。上述结果表明,长途运输可诱发驴的应激反应、肝脏损伤、机体代谢水平升高等,但免疫系统未受到明显损害,在落地后15d内机体逐渐从应激反应中恢复至运输前状态。     

肉牛专用运输车降低运输应激效果试验

【目的】为验证肉牛专用运输车降低运输应激的效果。【方法】将本团队研制的肉牛专用运输车和普通运输车进行肉牛运输效果对比试验。长途运牛过程中,从肉牛专用运输车和普通车各随机选择6头作为实验组和对照组,在运输前17h、运输后4h、20h、26h、45h、52h以及运输后7d、17d颈静脉采血后分离血清并提取牛外周血淋巴细胞,检测血清中K+、Na+、Cl-、Ca2+离子水平及外周血淋巴细胞HSP90水平,并称重、观察后统计两组在运输后15d的增重与发病率。【结果】结果显示专用车组肉牛运输后血清K+、Na+、Cl-以及外周血淋巴细胞HSP90的变化程度低于普通车组,运输后15天体重损失显著减少,消化道疾病发病率有降低趋势。【结论】本结果说明肉牛专用运输车的抗应激效果优于普通运输车,有一定的推广价值。     

道路运输对羔羊体重、血液生化及临床指标的影响

试验旨在研究道路运输对羔羊体重、血液生化指标和临床指标的影响,为生产中有效缓解羔羊运输应激提供理论依据。选取平均体重（21.52±1.22） kg健康4月龄羔羊10只进行8 h的长途运输,分别在运输前后进行称重、静脉采血,并测定体温、呼吸频率、脉搏等临床指标。结果表明：(1)道路运输使羔羊体温、呼吸和脉搏频率极显著升高（P<0.01）,体重降低了15.31%(P<0.05)。(2)道路运输极显著升高了羔羊血清中促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平（P<0.01）,显著升高了皮质醇（COR）和肌酸激酶（CK）水平（P<0.05）,血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平无显著变化（P>0.05）。(3)道路运输显著降低了羔羊血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平（P<0.05）,显著升高了白介素-6(IL-6)水平（P<0.05）,血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平与运输前差异不显著（P>0.05）。(4)道路运输显著降低了羔羊血清中...     

小梅山猪及其二元杂交猪断奶前后血液指标的检测

为研究小梅山猪及其二元杂交猪断奶前后血液指标的动态变化规律,随机挑选16头健康的35日龄断奶的小梅山仔猪和长梅仔猪(长白×小梅山),每组8头,分别于断奶时、断奶后1 d、3 d和5 d上午采血,检测血清生化和血常规等多项指标。结果:1)小梅山仔猪断奶后,血清生化指标中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白/球蛋白比值(ALB/GLO)、尿酸(UA)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)水平均较断奶前显著升高(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶比值(AST/ALT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、葡萄糖(GLU)水平均显著降低(P<0.05),而碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平断奶前后差异不显著(P>0.05);血常规指标中红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)水平均显著降低(P<0.05),其他指标断奶前后差异不显著。2)长梅仔猪断奶后,ALT、AST、ALP、UA、CK水平显著升高(P<0.05),AST/ALT、TP、GLO、GLU水平显著降低(P<0.05),ALB、ALB/GLO水平断奶前后差异不显著(P>0.05);血常规指标除红细胞压积(HCT)显著降低外,其他指标差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。研究表明,生产实际中血液指标可作为判断仔猪应激程度的参考依据。     

不同吸附剂处理霉变饲料的锦鲤饲喂效果研究

为探讨不同吸附剂对霉变饲料的脱毒效果,将脱霉素、葡配甘露寡糖(EMG)分别与黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)及呕吐毒素(DON)按不同配比加入锦鲤的基础日粮,分两组饲喂360条锦鲤,40天后测定锦鲤血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性、总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)水平及肝脏与体重比。结果表明:各组锦鲤血清中TP和ALB浓度均无显著(P>0.05)变化;脱霉素显著(P<0.05)抑制了高浓度DON条件下锦鲤的肝脏与体重比;AFB1显著(P<0.05)提高了AST、ALT活性,高剂量DON显著(P<0.05)提高了AST活性;两种吸附剂均能在一定程度上抑制AST、ALT活性升高,且EMG的效果要优于脱霉素。这表明脱霉素和EMG能有效缓解AFB1和DON导致的锦鲤肝功能损伤。     

饲粮添加有机铬对热应激下黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血液酶活力和肠道形态的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加有机铬对热应激下黄羽肉鸡生产性能、血液酶活力和肠道形态的作用。选择180只32日龄雄性黄羽肉鸡,随机分为常温组、热应激组和有机铬组,每组6个重复,每重复10只鸡。常温组和热应激组饲喂基础饲粮,有机铬组在基础饲粮中添加1.2 mg/kg的有机铬。常温组环境为26℃,热应激组和有机铬组环境温度为35℃,试验共14 d。结果表明：热应激显著降低了黄羽肉鸡的45 d体重、32～45 d的平均日增重和平均日采食量（P<0.05）,显著升高了料重比和死淘率（P<0.05）,显著升高了血液谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）的活力（P<0.05）,显著降低了空肠和回肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度（P<0.05）;饲粮添加1.2 mg/kg的有机铬显著提高了黄羽肉鸡的45 d体重、32～45 d的平均日增重和平均日采食量（P<0.05）,显著降低了料重比（P<0.05）,显著降低了血液AST和CK的活力（P<0.05）,显著提高了空肠的绒毛高度、回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度值（P<0.05...     

泌乳驴的日粮蛋白水平对驴驹生长发育的影响

试验旨在研究泌乳驴的日粮蛋白水平对驴驹生长发育的影响。选取健康、体况良好的5岁龄、胎次(1.9±0.4)胎、体重(240±30) kg、泌乳日期(29±5) d的带驹德州三粉驴24头,分为3个处理组(H、M、L组),饲喂蛋白水平分别为13.18%、12.22%和11.34%的日粮。每个处理组4个重复,每个重复2头驴。正式试验期8周,分为试验前期(1~4周)和试验后期(5~8周)。同时,将24头驴驹跟随母驴相应分为3个处理组,驴驹的公、母比例一致,日龄(29±5) d与体重(48±8) kg相近。所有驴驹除摄取母乳外,补饲数量相同的精补料与粗饲料。试验表明,试验前期泌乳驴的日粮蛋白水平对驴驹日增重无显著的影响(P>0.10);试验后期,随着泌乳驴日粮蛋白水平的增加,驴驹日增重显著增加(P<0.05),饲料转化效率呈一定增加趋势,但对体尺无显著影响(P>0.10)。饲喂泌乳驴高蛋白水平日粮对驴驹血浆中天冬氨酸(Asp)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)和组氨酸(His)的含量有明显的促进作用。提高泌乳驴的日粮CP水平,对驴驹日增重具有一定促进作用,以12.22%和13.18%的效果较好。     

小黑麦干草替代羊草对德州生长驴生产性能和血液指标的影响

为研究小黑麦(Triticale Wittmack)干草在德州生长驴上应用的可行性,本试验选取11月龄(150±10)kg的德州公驴25头,随机分为5组,按粗饲料日采食量一致设置小黑麦干草和羊草(Leymus chinensis)饲喂比例(其中小黑麦干草饲喂比例依次为：0%,25%,50%,75%,100%),测定了德州生长驴的生产性能和血液指标,并结合线性回归模型确定小黑麦干草的适宜饲喂量和饲喂比例。结果表明：小黑麦干草替代羊草对德州生长驴生产性能和血液抗氧化指标具有显著影响;75%组平均日增重显著高于0%,25%组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于0%,25%组(P<0.05);0%组超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性显著高于75%,100%组(P<0.05);25%,75%,100%组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase, GPX)活性显著高于0%组(P<0.05)。综上所述,小黑麦干草可以替代羊草在德州生长驴上应用,以干物质计算,11月龄(150±10)kg的德州生长驴小黑麦干草适宜饲喂量为...     

Improving working donkey (Equus asinus) welfare and management in Mali,West Africa

Working conditions for cart donkeys in West Africa are often harsh. In collaboration with the Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad, we conducted 3 studies and a welfare assessment. In the first study, we compared behavioral and physiological measures of donkeys (n = 10) driven in 2 standard Malian ways (1 = halter and reins, 2 = no halter and with a stick). In a second study, we assessed pressure associated with harness and cart quality. Pressure was measured according to several different parameters, including type of harness (satisfactory or unsatisfactory), type of cart (satisfactory or unsatisfactory), and weight (no weight or 200 kg of weight). Because education likely plays an important role in enhancing working equid welfare, we conducted a third study aimed at educating paraprofessionals about donkey husbandry (n = 82). We also conducted a welfare assessment on a donkey population in Segou, Mali (n = 54). Among training methods, no significant difference was found in either heart rate variability or behavior. A significant difference in back/wither pressure (P < 0.05) was found for the following parameters: harness type (P = 0.02) and cart with weight (P = 0.009). The welfare assessment examined how body condition scores, age, number of lesions, scarring, lameness, behavior parameters, and dehydration were related. The results indicated a significant effect between body condition score and hydration, that is, donkeys with lower body conditions were often less hydrated (P = 0.01). The relationship of body condition was significant when comparing the behavioral response with the ear test (P = 0.03). Finally, educational workshops were conducted at 2 schools, one in Segou (n = 54 students) and one in Bamako (n = 28 students), to measure donkey management knowledge before and after a husbandry education seminar and practical demonstration were conducted. The average test scores for pre- and post-tests numerically increased at both schools. However, the increase in test scores was not significant (Segou P = 0.15 and Bamako P = 0.06). This study provides additional methods to professionals and paraprofessionals on alternative methods for training, harnessing, and working donkeys in developing parts of the world.     

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Short-distance Transport Stress in Beef Cattle

To study the effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on short-distance transport stress in beef cattle,15 healthy and 12-month-old Simmental crossbred beef cattle were selected and randomly divided into control group,transport stress group and Astragalus polysaccharide test group with 5 cattles in each group.The cattles in Astragalus polysaccharide test group were fed with 10 g/d per head Astragalus polysaccharide during the experimental period.The cattles both in transport stress group and Astragalus polysaccharide test group were transported for 3 h at the speed of 60 km/h, and blood samples were collected and used for measuring some biochemical parameters. The daily gain and morbidity were measured simultaneously. The results showed that,in transport stress group,serum Na⁺ increased significantly in 1 d after transportation comparing to before transportation (P<0.05). serum Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^- showed no significant difference during the experimental period in control group and Astragalus polysaccharide test group (P>0.05).After transport (1 and 7 d),blood Na⁺/K⁺-ATP activities were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01), SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while serum MDA contentswere significantly increased (P<0.05) in transport stress group comparing with that at 1 d before transport.These indicators of the control and Astragalus polysaccharide test group showed no significantly difference during the experimental period (P>0.05); 7 d average daily gain after transportation of control group and Astragalus polysaccharide test group were extremely significantly higher than transport stress group (P<0.01), incidence rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal of Astragalus polysaccharide test group was lower than transport stress group. The results demonstrated that Astragalus polysaccharide could be applied to the transport stress for prevention and treatment in beef cattle.     

Comparative endocrinological responses to short transportation of Equidae (Equus asinus and Equus caballus)

In order to evaluate the effects of short transportation on β‐endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol changes, 12 healthy stallions of Equidae (Equus asinus and Equus caballus) were studied before and after transportation of 50 km. Blood samples were collected 1 week before transportation in basal conditions, immediately before loading and after transportation and unloading, on their arrival at the breeding station. Compared to basal and before values, donkeys showed an increase in circulating ACTH (P < 0.001) and cortisol (P < 0.0005) levels after transportation and higher ACTH (P < 0.01) levels than horses after transportation. A positive and significant correlation (r = 0.885; P < 0.01) between ACTH and cortisol levels after transportation was found. No significant differences were observed for β‐endorphin levels. Compared to basal and before values, horses showed higher cortisol (P < 0.005) levels after transportation and no significant differences were observed for ACTH and β‐endorphin levels in donkeys. Horses facing forward (direction of travel) showed higher (P < 0.01) β‐endorphin levels after transportation than donkeys; horses facing backward (the opposite direction of travel) showed lower (P < 0.05) ACTH levels after transportation. The results indicate that short transportation induces a preferential activation of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐axis (HPA), with significant release of ACTH and cortisol in donkeys and only of cortisol in horses, suggesting that transportation for donkeys may be more stressful than horses.     

Intraoperative Analgesic Effect of Intrafunicular Lidocaine Injection During Orchiectomy in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Martina Franca Donkeys

This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of intrafunicular lidocaine during orchiectomy in isoflurane-anesthetized donkeys. For this purpose, 10 adult healthy donkeys were chosen from Martina Franca donkey population. Each donkey underwent two surgical procedures of monolateral orchiectomy under general anesthesia. Starting isoflurane vaporizer setting was 1.5% to maintain a light plane of anesthesia. Regional anesthesia was performed by injecting 10 mL of 2% lidocaine plus adrenalin or an equivalent volume of saline solution into the spermatic cord. According to what was injected into the funiculus before the surgical procedure, each donkey was once assigned to the group L (lidocaine) and once to the group S (saline). End-tidal isoflurane and standard physiological parameters were measured. Compared with groups, monolateral orchiectomy increased mean heart rate in group S; during surgical procedure, the end-tidal isoflurane was significantly lower in group L. No differences were found regarding mean arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, recovery quality, and metabolic parameters between groups during procedures. In isoflurane-anesthetized donkeys, intrafunicular injection of lidocaine before castration appears to decrease intraoperative nociception and significantly reduces the concentration of the volatile agent to obtain a sufficient surgical anesthesia.     

The association analysis between Cytb polymorphism and growth traits in three Chinese donkey breeds

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of haplotypes in Cytb (Cytochrome b) gene on growth traits in three Chinese donkey breeds, Yunnan donkey (YN), Dezhou donkey (DZ) and Liangzhou donkey (LZ). The samples were genotyped for the Cytb gene by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and association analysis was conducted with growth traits. The results show that in most cases the effects of the gene on growth traits were not significant and that for the three different donkey breeds, the effects of the gene are different. For YN donkeys, there was a significant effect of the gene on the rump width (P < 0.05) and the effect of genotype AA was larger than that of BB genotype (1.6 cm and 5.4% of the trait mean in YN donkeys, P < 0.05). For DZ donkeys, the effect of gene on body height was significant (P < 0.05). The results also verify that the SSCPs are caused by two cytosine to thymine and one guanine to adenine transitions, corresponding to amino acid substitutions of leucine for proline (L ↔ P) and isoleucine for valine (I ↔ V).     

长途运输应激对西门塔尔牛体重、血液生化指标和细胞因子含量的影响

为研究长途运输应激对西门塔尔牛体重、血液生化指标和细胞因子含量的影响,随机选取12头、平均体重（292.1±38.2）kg的西门塔尔牛,在最高气温30℃下,经过36 h、1 450 km的敞篷卡车运输,运输前后称重并采集颈静脉血样,测定其体重及血液生化指标的变化情况。结果表明：①与运输前体重相比,经36 h、1 450 km运输后,试验牛平均体重极显著降低（P<0.01）,由292.1 kg降低到262.8 kg,体重损失10.03%。②与运输前相比,运输36 h时西门塔尔牛血清皮质醇（COR）含量显著提高（P<0.05）、血糖（GLU）水平极显著增高（P<0.01）,运输后7~14 d下降到运输前水平（P>0.05）;运输应激对血清胆固醇水平无显著影响（P>0.05）。③运输应激极显著提高了西门塔尔牛血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）含量（P<0.01）,显著提高血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量（P<0.05）,运输后7~14 d下降到运输前或更低水平（P>0.05）;运输应激对血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上所述,长途运输可显著降低肉牛的体重和抑制机体免疫机能,经长途运输后的西门塔尔牛需要约14 d的恢复期。