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《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(7)
本试验旨在探讨油酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞内甘油三酯含量和乳脂肪合成相关基因表达的影响。选取中国荷斯坦奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)为试验材料,经纯化培养后,培养基中添加0(对照)、50、100、200、400μmol/L油酸,继续培养24 h。通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测细胞活力;利用试剂盒检测胞内甘油三酯的含量;采用实时定量PCR法检测乳脂肪合成相关基因的表达。结果表明:油酸浓度为200、400μmol/L时,BMECs相对增殖率显著低于对照组与其他试验组(P0.05);添加100、200μmol/L的油酸促进了胞内甘油三酯的合成(P0.05);添加油酸上调了二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)基因表达量,50μmol/L的油酸显著上调了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARGγ)基因表达量(P0.05),100~400μmol/L的油酸显著抑制了硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)、脂肪酸结合蛋白3(FABP3)、固醇调节原件结合蛋白1(SREBP-1)基因表达量。综上所述,50~100μmol/L的油酸对BMECs乳脂肪合成具有较好的促进效果。 相似文献
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奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外培养研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国奶牛》2021,(9)
体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)常被用于研究乳成分的合成调控以及乳腺的生理代谢。近年来,随着越来越多永生化奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系的建立,其应用也更为广泛。本文综述了奶牛乳腺细胞系的种类和奶牛乳腺细胞体外培养的方法,为研究乳腺上皮细胞的功能及泌乳机制提供参考。 相似文献
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Lactogenic hormones stimulate expression of lipogenic genes but not glucose transporters in bovine mammary gland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y. Shao E.H. Wall T.B. McFadden Y. Misra X. Qian R. Blauwiekel D. Kerr F.-Q. Zhao 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2013
During the onset of lactation, there is a dramatic increase in the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and a group of enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the lactogenic hormones mediate both of these increases. Bovine mammary explants were cultured for 48, 72, or 96 h with the following hormone treatments: no hormone (control), IGF-I, insulin (Ins), Ins + hydrocortisone + ovine prolactin (InsHPrl), or Ins + hydrocortisone + prolactin + 17β-estradiol (InsHPrlE). The relative expression of β-casein, α-lactalbumin, sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), stearyol-CoA desaturase (SCD), GLUT1, GLUT8, and GLUT12 were measured by real-time PCR. Exposure to the lactogenic hormone combinations InsHPrl and InsHPrlE for 96 h stimulated expression of β-casein and α-lactalbumin mRNA by several hundred-fold and also increased the expression of SREBF1, FASN, ACACA, and SCD genes in mammary explants (P < 0.01). However, those hormone combinations had no effect on GLUT1 or GLUT8 expression and inhibited GLUT12 expression by 50% after 72 h of treatment (P < 0.05). In separate experiments, the expression of GLUTs in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 or in bovine primary mammary epithelial cells was not increased by lactogenic hormone treatments. Moreover, treatment of dairy cows with bovine prolactin had no effect on GLUT expression in the mammary gland. In conclusion, lactogenic hormones clearly stimulate expression of milk protein and lipogenic genes, but they do not appear to mediate the marked up-regulation of GLUT expression in the mammary gland during the onset of lactation. 相似文献
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乳脂是一种高质量的天然脂肪,是牛乳的主要营养成分。乳脂率是衡量牛奶品质优劣的关键指标,同时也是制约中国奶业发展的重要因素。近年来,随着中国奶牛业的不断发展,奶牛的产奶量日益提高,但乳脂率却未见增长。通常情况下牛奶的乳脂率为3%~4%,产奶量与乳脂率之间呈相互制约关系,如何提高乳脂率一直是学者们研究的热点。为深入研究并解决这一问题,作者介绍了乳脂组成及合成机理,并从日粮、瘤胃微生物及遗传等方面分析了影响奶牛乳脂合成的因素。同时作者还对影响奶牛乳脂合成的重要功能基因(SREBPs、PPARs、CIDEC基因)及mTOR信号通路的作用进行了综述。乳脂合成是一个动态的、复杂的多网络调控的过程,需要大量的基因参与,研究各信号通路间的相互作用可为人工调控乳脂合成提供理论基础,也为日后泌乳生物学研究奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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J W Blum 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1992,134(5):213-229
Milk yield is determined by number, size, synthetic and secretory capacity of mammary alveolar cells and low amounts of residual milk after milking. Initial milk yield and persistency of lactation are important. Important factors to achieve high milk yield are: optimal mammary development and preparation to lactation; maintenance and possibly increase in number and of synthetic capacity of alveolar cells during established lactation; sufficient availability of substrates for milk synthesis through high feed intake, readiness to mobilize body reserves (especially depot fat) and increased mammary blood flow; optimal milk let-down; regular and possibly more than twice milking/day. Favorable for a high milk yield are high circulating concentrations of somatotropin, possibly associated with increased production and levels of the insulin-like growth factor I, in the presence of low concentrations of and reduced sensitivity or responsiveness of target organs to insulin, reduced circulating levels of thyroid hormones and possibly enhanced conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in the mammary gland. Enhanced sensitivity of depot fat to lipolytic hormones is favorable for high milk production. 相似文献
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热应激影响荷斯坦奶牛泌乳机制的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(3)
奶牛在极端热环境下会产生热应激反应,导致奶牛泌乳量降低、乳品质下降。本文从热应激诱导乳腺氧化应激及影响机体激素代谢、抑制乳成分合成角度综述了热应激影响奶牛泌乳的机制,并对补饲添加剂缓解热应激的效果进行总结,以期为进一步探究热应激机理及寻求有效、合理的缓解措施提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为了研究4F2hc在奶牛乳腺中的表达模式及调控方式,进一步明确氨基酸在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中的跨膜转运过程,本研究采用Western blotting和实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了4F2hc在泌乳期和干奶期奶牛乳腺组织中的表达变化;在体外培养的泌乳期奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中添加亮氨酸,采用Western blotting和实时荧光定量PCR技术检测其对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中4F2hc表达的影响;采用雷帕霉素抑制剂抑制mTOR信号通路,使用Western blotting方法检测mTOR信号抑制后奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中4F2hc表达以及乳蛋白合成的变化。结果显示,在泌乳期的奶牛乳腺组织中4F2hc的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著或极显著高于干奶期(P<0.05,P<0.01);在体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中添加亮氨酸可以极显著提高乳腺上皮细胞中4F2hc的mRNA和蛋白质表达水平(P<0.01);亮氨酸刺激可以激活细胞内的mTOR信号通路(P<0.05),而雷帕霉素处理则可以显著抑制mTOR信号分子的磷酸化并极显著抑制亮氨酸诱导的4F2hc的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),进而极显著抑制β-Casein的合成(P<0.01)。以上研究结果表明,4F2hc基因的表达与奶牛乳腺的泌乳活性之间呈正相关,亮氨酸可以通过激活mTOR信号通路来调节4F2hc基因的表达,进而影响乳蛋白的合成。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨不同泌乳相关激素和生长因子对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响及其与细胞外基质主要成分层黏连蛋白的关系。将正常的荷斯坦泌乳期奶牛乳腺上皮细胞进行体外培养,在未包被或包被层黏连蛋白的条件下,以MTT法检测催乳素(PRL)、牛生长激素(GH)、类胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-Ⅰ)、类胰岛素生长因子-2(IGF-Ⅱ)对细胞增殖作用的影响。在层黏连蛋白包被条件下,进行血清恢复的同时添加不同泌乳相关激素和生长因子,GH、IGF-Ⅰ有促进细胞增殖的作用(P<0.05),PRL、IGF-Ⅱ有维持细胞存活的作用(P<0.05);无血清时,几种激素和生长因子单独添加均无明显促增殖效应(P>0.05)。无基质条件下,与血清联合使用时,PRL、GH、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ均对细胞生长有不同程度促进作用(P<0.05);无血清时,仅IGF-Ⅰ使细胞增殖速率显著加快(P<0.05)。层黏连蛋白作为培养基质对于体外培养的泌乳乳腺上皮细胞生长速度没有显著促进作用,但有利于PRL和IGF-Ⅱ发挥促存活作用。PRL、GH、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ对细胞增殖和存活有促进作用,但需要与血清中其他成分协同才能充分发挥作用,其中IGF-Ⅰ促增殖能力最强。 相似文献