浙西北茶区茶尺蠖对联苯菊酯等药剂抗药性初步测定

茶尺蠖是浙江茶叶主产区的主要害虫之一,其抗药性问题日益突出,严重影响茶叶生产,测定浙江茶叶主产区茶尺蠖对常用药剂的抗药性对其合理防治具有重要意义。测定了浙江省萧山区、西湖区、富阳区、余杭区和安吉县等茶叶主产区茶尺蠖对联苯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、功夫菊酯和辛硫磷四种常用药剂的抗药性。结果显示:浙江省主要产茶区茶尺蠖种群对以上四种常用药剂均产生了一定程度的抗性,且对辛硫磷产生的抗性水平最高,其次是联苯菊酯,几个主要产茶区中以余杭区茶尺蠖的抗性水平最高,这与其茶园管理模式有密切关系。浙江省各茶叶产区需要根据本地茶园管理模式合理选择药剂防治茶尺蠖。     

茶尺蠖绿色防控技术研究现状及展望

茶尺蠖是我国茶园重要的食叶性害虫之一,严重发生时可将茶树吃成光杆,甚至直接导致茶树死亡。茶尺蠖在我国多个省份大面积发生,常给茶叶生产带来严重的经济损失。近年来,关于茶尺蠖的种类厘清、挥发物引诱剂、性信息素鉴定和其他技术等方面的研究报道大量涌现。本文在归纳和总结上述研究结果的基础上,结合国内外害虫防控方面的发展趋势,对未来茶尺蠖防控技术的发展方向进行了展望,以期为茶尺蠖的科学防治提供参考。     

茶尺蠖病毒研究进展

茶尺蠖是茶树上一种重要的食叶性害虫,分布于我国各茶区,经常在局部茶园暴发成灾,对茶叶生产造成严重的损失。茶尺蠖病毒是控制茶尺蠖自然种群消长的重要因子,主要包括茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒和茶尺蠖小RNA病毒。本文综述了茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒（EoNPV）生物学特性、扩繁、制剂的研发与应用、定性定量检测技术的建立、重组NPV病毒和茶尺蠖小RNA病毒分子生物学方面的研究进展情况,为更好的利用病毒防治茶尺蠖提供参考。     

茶尺蠖病毒研究进展

茶尺蠖是茶树上一种重要的食叶性害虫,分布于我国各茶区,经常在局部茶园暴发成灾,对茶叶生产造成严重的损失。茶尺蠖病毒是控制茶尺蠖自然种群消长的重要因子,主要包括茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒和茶尺蠖小RNA病毒。本文综述了茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(EoNPV)生物学特性、扩繁、制剂的研发与应用、定性定量检测技术的建立、重组NPV病毒和茶尺蠖小RNA病毒分子生物学方面的研究进展情况,为更好的利用病毒防治茶尺蠖提供参考。     

安溪县不同海拔茶假眼小绿叶蝉的发生与综防措施

安溪县位于福建省东南部,是全国著名的乌龙茶主产区.全县茶叶种植面积达到30万亩,茶园总产量达到4万吨.全县24个乡镇438个行政村都有种植茶叶.随着茶叶面积的不断扩大,茶假眼小绿叶蝉的发生为害有严重的趋势,全县常年发生面积达到25～30万亩,特别是夏茶为害最重,暑、秋茶次之,低海拔茶园春茶也常发生,严重茶园损失率达到10～25%.为了更好地摸清掌握茶假眼小绿叶蝉的发生特点和规律,开展综合防治,把该虫控制在经济允许水平以下,从2003年起,在全县根据不同海拔高度设立了10个测报网点进行定点定期调查和观察.     

5种新型低毒农药对茶尺蠖的田间防控效果研究

茶尺蠖是信阳茶园中的主要害虫,以幼虫咬食叶片为害,发生严重时可连叶脉也吃光,造成秃枝,致使树势衰弱,甚至死亡。近年来,许多研究报道指出,由于长期使用化学农药进行防治,茶尺蠖的抗性已有增强,许多曾经用于防治茶尺蠖的药剂防效受到了很大影响。在信阳茶区,茶尺蠖已经对有机磷和菊酯类农药产生了一定的抗性,所以防治效果不甚理想,茶尺蠖在多地曾出现大暴发的现象,严重影响茶叶的质量和产量。凯恩、噻虫啉、艾法迪、艾绿士、雷通是近几年在国内获得登记的新型低毒农药,与有机磷类、菊酯类和其他种类农药无交互抗性,同时也是国家茶叶产业技术体系"茶园农药替代计划"重点推广的药剂。本研究对上述5种农药进行了田间防效试验,以期打破近两年信阳对茶尺蠖"治虫难"的局面。     

茶园主要害虫灰茶尺蠖性信息素的研究取得突破

正本刊讯中国农业科学院茶叶研究所(下文简称中茶所)与华南农业大学合作,研究揭示了茶园主要害虫灰茶尺蠖性信息素的活性组分,与此同时中茶所进一步与北京中捷四方生物科技股份有限公司联合研制开发了灰茶尺蠖性信息素诱芯产品,经6省15个县市的试验示范取得了理想的诱捕效果。长期以来,茶园主要害虫灰茶尺蠖(Ectropis grisescens)常被作为茶尺蠖(Ectropis obliqua)来认识,近年来的研究表明灰茶尺蠖是茶尺蠖的近缘种,此后中茶所陆     

不同性诱剂及诱捕方式对茶尺蠖诱集效果比较试验

正茶尺蠖(Ectyopis oblique hypulina wehyli)是茶园尺蠖类中发生最普遍、为害最严重的种类之一,发生时常将整片茶园啃食一光,状如火烧,对茶叶生产影响极大。发展利用性信息素大量诱杀雄蛾,破坏自然种群的正常雌雄性别比,从而降低害虫发生数量,减少农药使用,降低消费者因茶叶农药残留带来的健康风险是目前的主要防治方向之一,本试验     

茶尺蠖发生规律与无公害防治

茶尺蠖是我省为害茶树主要害虫之一 ,以幼虫咀食嫩梢。发生严重时 ,老叶、嫩茎将被幼虫食尽 ,严重影响茶叶产量 ,并且树势衰弱。目前绝大部分茶场和茶农多采用化学农药防治。化学农药不仅污染茶园生态环境 ,而且在杀死茶尺蠖的同时 ,也杀伤了大量天敌 ,还存在农药残留问题。因此 ,根据茶尺蠖发生为害的特点 ,采取相应的无公害防治措施控制其发生为害 ,将对茶叶生产起到积极推动作用。1　茶尺蠖发生规律1 1　茶尺蠖大部分以蛹在茶树根际表土中越冬 ,少数以幼虫在茶丛中越冬。越冬蛹大部分处于滞育状态 ,抗逆力强 ,死亡率低 ;其越冬后羽化率的…     

推广杀灭菊酯控制茶园虫害工作小结

一九八二年五月以来,我县采用高效、低毒、低残留的新农药杀灭菊酯,经过两年推广950斤,喷洒茶园面积达7.6万亩次,控制了长期无法消灭的大尺蠖、茶尺蠖等害虫的危害,为茶叶增产刨造条件,取得了显著的经济效果。 我县原是尺蠖类茶树害虫为害的“重灾区”,1976年大尺蠖、茶尺蠖等虫害即开始蔓延,全县二十多个产茶场、队近万亩茶园受害严重,成片茶园茶树叶片被嚼食精光,夏秋茶绝收,并且对翌年的春茶产量、品质也影响很大,年减收约4000担,经济损失达80万元左右。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。