不同代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对合浦鹅日粮养分消化率及生长性能的影响

本文旨在研究日粮不同代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对合浦鹅日粮干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙和磷等养分的消化率及生长性能的影响.将120只28日龄的合浦鹅随机分成6个组,进行2个饲养和消化试验:试验1组饲喂粗蛋白质水平为15.10%,代谢能水平分别为10.03、11.00和11.85 MJ/kg的3种日粮;试验2组饲喂代谢能水平为11.50 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质水平分别为12.50%、14.85%和17.83%的3种日粮.用4 mol/L HCI ALA方法测定日粮的养分消化率.结果表明:粗蛋白质水平为15.10%和代谢能水平为10.03 MJ/kg的日粮,具有较高的养分消化率,但不同代谢能水平对试鹅的生长性能影响差异不显著(P>0.05);代谢能水平为11.50 MJ/kg和粗蛋白质水平为12.50%的日粮也具有较高的养分消化率,但不同粗蛋白质水平对试鹅的生长性能影响差异也不显著(P>0.05).因此,28日龄以后的合浦鹅的日粮粗蛋白质和代谢能水平分别为15.10%和10.03 MJ/kg,或分别为12.50%和11.50 MJ/kg时,均具有较高的养分消化率,但对合浦鹅的生长性能无显著影响.     

日粮代谢能水平对“京粉1号”蛋鸡产蛋高峰期生产性能的影响

为研究日粮代谢能(ME)水平对“京粉1号”商品代蛋鸡产蛋高峰期生产性能的影响,试验选用32周龄“京粉1号”商品代蛋鸡360只,随机分为4组,每组9个重复,每个重复10只鸡,日粮ME分别为10.76、10.86、11.04、11.26 MJ/kg。预试期2周,正试期10周。结果表明:日粮ME水平对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期的平均日采食量具有极显著影响(P<0.01),当ME水平大于10.86 MJ/kg时,平均日采食量随ME水平升高呈线性下降;10.86 MJ/kg ME组的平均日增重极显著高于11.26MJ/kg组(P<0.01),对试鸡ME日摄入量与日增重进行回归分析得出最佳ME日摄入量为1.163MJ/d;日粮代谢能水平对产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋量、破损蛋率、料蛋比等生产性能无显著性影响;各组间养分表观代谢率差异不显著。综合生产性能指标,“京粉1号”商品代蛋鸡产蛋高峰期日粮中适宜的ME水平为11.04MJ/kg,适宜的ME日摄入量为1.163MJ/d。     

饲粮粗蛋白质和代谢能水平对1～3周龄四川白鹅生长性能及氮和能量平衡的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)和代谢能(ME)水平对1～3周龄四川白鹅生长性能及氮和能量平衡的影响.采用3×3双因素试验设计,设3个ME水平(12.86、12.13、11.43MJ/kg)和3个CP水平(23％、20％、17％),配制9种试验饲粮.选择540只体重相近、健康的1日龄四川白鹅,随机分成9组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只.试验期为21 d.结果表明:1)随着饲粮CP水平的升高,试验鹅的末重、平均日增重、每克增重消耗CP量显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)升高,料重比、每克增重消耗ME量显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)降低.饲粮CP和ME水平的互作对试验鹅每克增重消耗的CP量和每克增重消耗的ME量有极显著的影响(P＜0.01).2)试验鹅的氮利用率随饲粮CP水平的升高极显著降低(P＜0.01);试验鹅的食入总能(GE)、ME、GE代谢率随饲粮ME水平增加极显著降低(P＜0.01).研究结果提示,1～3周龄四川白鹅适宜CP水平为20％,适宜ME水平为11.43 MJ/kg.     

0～6周龄贵州黄鸡能量需要的研究

本试验研究了0～6周龄贵州黄鸡的能量需要,旨在为贵州黄鸡的科学养殖和制定其饲养标准提供理论依据和数据参考。采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取健康1日龄贵州黄鸡雏鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡。4组试验鸡饲粮能量水平分别为10.03、11.71、12.54和13.16 MJ/kg,试验期为6周。通过饲养试验,测定每周的体重和采食量,计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比;通过代谢试验,测定表观代谢能及养分表观代谢率;通过比较屠宰试验,测定鸡体能量、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量,计算鸡体能量、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪沉积率,确定饲粮适宜能量水平。结果显示：饲粮能量水平对0～6周龄贵州黄鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均有显著影响(P<0.05),对平均日增重进行二元回归分析得到最适饲粮能量水平为11.17 MJ/kg。饲粮能量水平对0～6周龄贵州黄鸡的各养分表观代谢率均有显著影响(P<0.05),适当提高饲粮能量水平可以提高各养分的表观代谢率,进而提高饲料利用率。以此为判定指标,推荐0～6周龄贵州黄鸡饲粮能量水平为12.54 MJ/kg。饲粮能量水平对0～6周龄贵州黄...     

饲粮代谢能水平对1～3周龄四川白鹅生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能(ME)水平对1~3周龄四川白鹅生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择780只体重相近、健康的3日龄四川白鹅,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复26只。采用单因素试验设计,设5个饲粮ME水平:12.86、12.13、11.43、10.73和10.00 MJ/kg,饲粮粗蛋白质水平均为20%。试验期为18 d。结果表明:1)饲粮ME水平10.00 MJ/kg组平均日采食量和料重比极显著高于其他各组(P0.01),饲粮ME水平12.13和10.00 MJ/kg组末重、平均日增重均显著高于饲粮ME水平10.73 MJ/kg组(P0.05)。2)饲粮ME水平12.86 MJ/kg组的饲料成本最高,饲粮ME水平10.73 MJ/kg组的饲料成本最低。3)饲粮ME水平12.86 MJ/kg组血清总胆固醇含量显著或极显著低于其他各组(P0.05或P0.01),饲粮ME水平10.73、10.00 MJ/kg组血清低密度脂蛋白含量极显著低于其他各组(P0.01),饲粮ME水平12.86 MJ/kg组血清谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均极显著高于其他各组(P0.01)。回归分析表明,以低料重比、高平均日增重为衡量指标,推荐1~3周龄四川白鹅饲粮ME水平为12.22 MJ/kg;以高平均日增重、低饲料成本为衡量指标,推荐饲粮ME水平为10.75 MJ/kg。     

不同能量营养水平的配合饲料对肉鹅生长性能的影响

笔者以商品代四季鹅肉仔鹅为研究对象,在圈养饲养方式下,将日粮配合饲料的代谢能(ME)含量设置3个水平,分别为9.55 MJ/kg、10.25 MJ/kg和10.88 MJ/kg,对5周龄~10周龄肉鹅进行生长性能影响的试验。结果显示,代谢能为10.25 MJ/kg和10.88 MJ/kg的试验组比9.558 MJ/kg组,增重分别高出15%和17%。     

育成期崂山奶山羊能量需要量

本试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平对育成期崂山奶山羊能量利用率的影响。选择体重为(18.43±0.76)kg的崂山奶山羊育成母羊30只,采用单因素随机分组设计分成3组,每组10个重复,每重复1只羊。分别饲喂粗蛋白质、钙及磷水平基本一致,消化能水平分别为10.40、11.47及12.51 MJ/kg的3种全混合日粮。预试期10 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)试验后期3组试羊随着饲粮能量水平的提高,总能消化率依次提高,12.51 MJ/kg组试羊的总能消化率、总能代谢率及消化能代谢率显著高于10.40 MJ/kg组(P0.05);3组试羊的总能、粪能及尿能间呈显著差异(P0.05),10.40 MJ/kg组11.47 MJ/kg组12.51 MJ/kg组;10.40 MJ/kg组试羊的甲烷能显著低于11.47及12.51 MJ/kg组(P0.05)。2)10.40 MJ/kg组试羊末重及平均日增重显著低于11.47及12.51 MJ/kg组(P0.05),但11.47 MJ/kg组与12.51 MJ/kg组间无显著差异(P0.05)。3)育成期崂山奶山羊消化能和代谢能需要量与代谢体重和平均日增重关系的回归公式:DE=0.675W~(0.75)+0.110ADG(P=0.006,R~2=0.982);ME=0.526W~(0.75)+0.076ADG(P=0.027,R~2=0.873)[式中DE为消化能(M J/d),ME为代谢能(M J/d),W~(0.75)为代谢体重(kg),ADG为平均日增重(g)]。综合得出,育成期崂山奶山羊母羊饲粮中消化能以11.47~12.51 MJ/kg(干物质基础)较为适宜。     

不同能量、蛋白水平日粮对育雏期塞北乌骨鸡生长发育规律、生化指标和肠道消化酶的影响

900只1日龄塞北乌骨鸡采用5(能量)×2(蛋白)两因素配方设计,试验期6周.结果:6周龄母鸡日粮代谢能(ME)为12.65 MJ/kg,体增重最高;公鸡日粮ME为12.00 MJ/kg,体增重最高.不同能量、蛋白水平日粮对21和42日龄塞北乌骨鸡血液生化指标存在不同程度的影响,高能量日粮可显著提高血清中血糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量(P＜0.05).在ME为12.65MJ/kg、蛋白为20％的日粮,3周龄母鸡的净体质量和肝质量极显著大于公鸡(P＜0.01),消化道质量公鸡极显著大于母鸡(P＜0.01).在ME为12.65 MJ/kg、蛋白为18％的日粮母鸡的净体质量板显著小于公鸡(P＜0.01);心质量显著小于公鸡(P＜0.05);消化道质量公鸡极显著大于母鸡(P＜0.01).0～6周龄消化道发育公鸡显著快于母鸡,但消化道总长变化不明显(P＞0.05).消化道总长与消化道各段长度的回归方程的决定系数(R2)均超过了0.807,总体效果公鸡略优于母鸡.21日龄时随着日粮能量水平的提高肠道胰蛋白酶活性除ME为10.85 MJ/kg与12.00MJ/kg组差异显著外(P＜0.05),公鸡其他各组间差异均不显著;母鸡在ME为12.65MJ/kg时最高.淀粉酶扣胰脂肪酶不同能量间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).42日龄公鸡脂肪酶活性和胰蛋白酶活性都不显著(P＞0.05);母鸡从总体来看,肠道消化酶活性随着日粮能量水平的提高而增加,日粮ME为12.65 MJ/kg达到最高.     

饲粮代谢能水平对笼养蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能(ME)水平对产蛋高峰期笼养蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响。选择250只体重相近且健康的29周龄临武鸭,随机分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸭。采用单因子试验设计,设5个饲粮ME水平:10.09、10.59、11.09、11.59和12.09 MJ/kg,饲粮粗蛋白质水平均为18%。预试期为7 d,正试期为63 d。结果表明:1)随饲粮ME水平升高,平均日采食量呈显著线性降低(P0.05)。饲粮ME水平12.09 MJ/kg组产蛋率和日产蛋重显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。料蛋比以饲粮ME水平10.09 MJ/kg组最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。2)饲粮ME水平对笼养蛋鸭蛋品质各指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)随饲粮ME水平提高,血清胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白含量呈显著线性提高(P 0.05),而血清尿素氮含量呈显著线性降低(P0.05)。饲粮ME水平12.09 MJ/kg组血清葡萄糖含量显著高于饲粮ME水平10.09 MJ/kg组(P0.05)。回归分析显示,以高产蛋率、高日产蛋重和低料蛋比为衡量指标,推荐29～38周龄临武鸭饲粮ME水平为10.73～11.29 MJ/kg。     

饲粮纤维来源对合浦鹅生产性能、血清生化指标和养分代谢的影响

选取体重相近、健壮的4周龄合浦鹅60羽,随机分为稻草粉组、玉米秸秆粉组和花生藤粉组,每组20羽,饲养42 d。于8周龄时从上述试验组中各选取5羽体重接近的鹅,测定其对3种纤维来源的饲粮养分的利用率。结果表明,(1)饲喂含粗蛋白质约为13.80%,粗纤维约为8.0%的饲粮,稻草粉、玉米秸秆、花生藤用作饲粮纤维来源,不影响合浦鹅的日增重、血清生化指标和屠宰性能(P>0.05)。(2)花生藤粉组饲粮的中性洗涤纤维、半纤维素和无氮浸出物的表观代谢率极显著高于其他2组(P<0.01);稻草粉组和花生藤粉组的饲粮粗蛋白质、能量的代谢率显著高于玉米秸秆粉组(P<0.05)。     

High-fiber diets in pregnant sows: digestive utilization and effects on the behavior of the animals

Twelve pregnant, multiparous sows were assigned during gestation to three dietary treatments in a 3 x 3 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of crude fiber (CF): a conventional diet low in CF (L, 15.8 MJ DE/kg of DM, 3.3% CF), a diet with a medium level of CF (M, 14.4 MJ DE/kg of DM, 10.6% CF), and a high-fiber diet (H, 12.9 MJ DE/kg of DM, 18.1% CF). The daily feed supply was adjusted to provide the same 33.4 MJ of daily digestible energy (2.4, 2.7, and 3.0 kg/d for diets L, M, and H, respectively). Over the day, a shorter time standing was spent when sows received the H diet (291 min/d) compared with the L (363 min/d) and M diets (324 min/d). Duration of feeding was longer with the high-fiber diet. Mastication represented the main part of the feeding activity in sows fed the H diet (56%) and was reduced with the M and L diets (40% and 25%, respectively). Feeding rate increased when fiber level decreased (67, 120, and 152 g/min for the H, M, and L diets, respectively). Feeding the fibrous diet reduced the incidence of nonfeeding oral behaviors. These results show that high-fiber diets can reduce apparent feeding motivation of pregnant sows and, thus, improve the welfare of sows subjected to feed restriction.     

半细毛羊5种玉米的可消化粗蛋白质和有效能的测定及其预测

本试验旨在采用概略养分分析法测定5种玉米的营养成分含量以及通过消化代谢试验实测玉米的可消化粗蛋白质含量和有效能值,并利用先采集的4种玉米(奥美特、杰尼336、巨丰66、京科665)数据拟合可消化粗蛋白质、消化能和代谢能分别与营养成分之间的回归方程,然后利用第5种玉米(禾育九)可消化粗蛋白质和有效能数据来对回归方程进行验证和修正。选取16只体重为(56.44±5.11)kg的云南半细毛羊,采用完全随机设计,平均分为4组,每组4只。试验共分2期进行,共6种日粮,分别是基础日粮和5种试验日粮,第1期饲喂4种日粮,第2期饲喂2种日粮。结果表明:京科665的可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)、消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)含量最高,杰尼336的DCP、DE和ME含量最低;玉米的DE和ME分别与EE呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数分别为-0.985和-0.994;试验所得的预测方程为DCP(g/kg)=258.961-52.624EE(粗脂肪)、DE(MJ/kg)=40.506-6.876EE、DE(MJ/kg)=34.677-6.398EE+0.492CP(粗蛋白质)、DE(MJ/kg)=-115.182-6.572EE+0.473CP+1.525OM(有机物)、ME(MJ/kg)=-1.028+0.945DE、ME(MJ/kg)=2.950+0.916DE-1.060CF(粗纤维)和ME(MJ/kg)=37.586-6.586EE。综合DCP含量和有效能值,京科665的品质最佳,其次是巨丰66、奥美特和禾育九,杰尼336品质最差;以半细毛羊为试验对象得出,可以利用玉米的营养成分预测其DCP含量以及有效能值。     

Feeding motivation and plasma metabolites in pregnant sows fed diets rich in dietary fiber either once or twice daily

The present study investigated the effects of source and level of dietary fiber (DF) and feeding frequency (once vs. twice daily) on feeding motivation and plasma metabolites at 4 different time points post feeding. Sixty pregnant sows (Sus scrofa, 4 blocks of 15 sows) were allocated to 1 of 5 diets within blocks. Four diets were restricted (approximately 35 MJ ME/d): a barley and wheat control diet (171 g DF/kg DM; 12 g DF/MJ ME), and 3 fiber diets formulated to contain 35% DF by including pectin residue (323 g DF/kg DM; 25 g DF/MJ ME), potato pulp (404 g DF/kg DM; 29 g DF/MJ ME), or sugar beet pulp (367 g DF/kg DM; 25 g DF/MJ ME). The fifth diet was a mixture including an equal amount of the 3 fiber diets offered semi ad libitum (ad libitum access to feed during 6 periods of 1 h starting at 0300, 0600, 1100, 1500, 1800, and 2300; 354 g DF/kg DM; 25 g DF/MJ ME). The experimental period included 2 periods of 4 wk each. Restricted-fed sows were fed once daily (0800 h) during the first period and twice daily (0800 and 1500 h) during the second period, or vice versa. Semi ad libitum fed sows had access to feed 6 times a day in both periods. In each period, the feeding motivation was assessed in an operant conditioning test, and samples of peripheral blood were taken in a balanced design, at 0900, 1200, 1900, and 0700 h, corresponding to 1, 4, 11, and 23 h after feeding for restricted sows fed once daily. No differences in the feeding motivation were found between the 4 restricted diets at any of the time points post feeding, but semi ad libitum fed sows had a decreased feeding motivation (P < 0.001). Among the restricted-fed sows, feeding twice daily resulted in decreased feeding motivation at 1900 h (P < 0.001) and at 0700h (P < 0.05) compared with feeding once daily, but not at 0900 and 1200 h, indicating that feeding twice daily reduced feeding motivation during the night compared with feeding once daily. Among restricted-fed sows, plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were greater in sows fed high-fiber diets compared with the control (P = 0.02). Nonesterified fatty acid was least in sows on the control diet and greatest in sows on the potato diet, whereas sows on the pectin and sugar beet diets were intermediate (P < 0.001). Less diurnal variation in glucose (P < 0.001) was seen in sows on high-fiber diets. In spite of the found effects on plasma metabolites, the applied level of fiber in the diet of restrictedly fed sows did not reduce their feeding motivation irrespective of fiber source.     

Effect of β-mannanase on the digestibility of diets with different protein sources in dogs determined by different methodologies

This experiment aimed at evaluating the effects of including the enzyme, β-mannanase, in dog (Canis lupus familiaris) diets based on either poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) by-product meal (PBM) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Meal (SBM). The second objective was to evaluate 3 methods for determining energy and nutrient digestibility values in diets fed to dogs: total fecal collection (TFC) and use of aia or crude fiber (CF) as a marker. Eight dogs were allotted to a replicated latin square (4 by 4) design. There were 2 diets based on PBM as the major protein source and 2 diets based on SBM as the major protein source. Within each protein source, 1 diet contained no β-mannanase and 1 diet contained 0.01% β-mannanase. Diets were fed for an adaptation period of 5 d followed by 5 d of TFC. Fecal score (1 = watery feces to 5 = dry, hard pellets), pH, DM, and fecal volume were determined. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, CP, ether extract (EE), N-free extract (NFE), and GE, and ME content were calculated using the methods of TFC, AIA, and CF. Data were analyzed as a 2 by 2 by 3 split-split-plot design (β-mannanase, protein source, and digestibility calculation procedure). There were interactions between protein source and β-mannanase (P < 0.05). Supplementation of β-mannanase increased ATTD of nutrients and energy and ME (+ 195.3 kcal/kg) and also reduced fecal production in the diet with SBM, but not in the diet that contained PBM. There was an interaction between digestibility calculation procedure and protein source (P < 0.05). The use of AIA overestimated ATTD of the diets containing PBM, but digestibility values estimated based on TFC and CF were not different. Dogs fed diets containing SBM produced more feces with greater moisture content and lower pH compared with dogs fed the PBM diet (P < 0.05). Addition of 0.01% β-mannanase increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility and ME content of the diets containing SBM, but did not improve (P > 0.05) fecal texture. Results indicated that values for ATTD of energy and nutrients in diets containing sbm are not different if they are calculated based on TFC, AIA, or CF, but use of AIA may result in an overestimation of values for ATTD of energy and nutrients in diets containing PBM.     

Effects of dietary metabolisable energy, calcium and phosphorus on bone mineralisation, leg weakness and performance of broiler chickens

1. Performance, gait score (GS), tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and tibia bone mineralisation and breaking strength were determined in 2880 male and female Ross 208 broilers fed on diets with two different concentrations of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) (11.00 or 12.00 MJ/kg) and 4 different concentrations of available phosphorus (aP) adjusted for dietary ME content (4.0, 4.5, 5.0 or 5.5 g/kg aP in starter and 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 or 5.0 g/kg aP in finisher diets containing 12.00 MJ/kg). 2. Tibia ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents in broilers given diets with low ME (11.00 MJ/kg) were greater than those of broilers given diets with higher ME (12.00 MJ/kg). Tibia ash, Ca and P contents increased curvilinearly with increasing dietary aP content. The dietary aP level had no effect on GS. 3. Dietary concentration of ME or aP had no effect on tibia breaking strength. 4. Walking ability, as measured by GS, was negatively correlated with the body weight (BW) of tested birds at 23 and 35 d of age, but the dietary ME content or aP level had no significant effect on GS at 35 d of age. 5. The results indicated that bone mineral content had no clear correlation with the walking ability of broilers.     

鸡、鸭、鹅对白酒糟和发酵白酒糟能量利用的比较研究

本试验旨在评价白酒糟和发酵白酒糟的营养成分含量及鸡、鸭、鹅对其的仿生消化总能(SDGE)和代谢能(ME),分别利用仿生消化法和生物学法(排空强饲法)测定。结果表明:1)白酒糟中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分和总磷含量分别为85.63%、18.43%、1.49%和0.21%,均显著低于发酵白酒糟中的89.15%、24.75%、2.37%和0.38%(P0.05);白酒糟中粗脂肪和粗纤维含量分别为4.64%和24.15%,均显著高于发酵白酒糟中的3.61%和15.50%(P0.05)。2)鸡、鸭、鹅对白酒糟的SDGE分别为11.15、11.54和10.02 MJ/kg,均显著低于发酵白酒糟的11.86、12.23和10.78 MJ/kg(P0.05)。3)樱桃谷肉鸭对白酒糟的表观代谢能(AME)为10.42 MJ/kg,真代谢能(TME)为11.29 MJ/kg,能量表观利用率为55.01%,均显著高于杏花公鸡(AME为8.13 MJ/kg,TME为9.39 MJ/kg,能量表观利用率为44.79%)和四川白鹅(AME为8.20 MJ/kg,TME为9.16 MJ/kg,能量表观利用率为43.91%)(P0.05);而杏花公鸡、樱桃谷肉鸭、四川白鹅对发酵白酒糟的AME、TME、能量表观利用率和能量真利用率则无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,发酵白酒糟中的粗蛋白质、总磷含量高于白酒糟,粗纤维含量低于白酒糟;鸡、鸭、鹅对发酵白酒糟的SDGE均高于白酒糟;樱桃谷肉鸭对白酒糟的ME高于杏花公鸡、四川白鹅;而杏花公鸡、樱桃谷肉鸭、四川白鹅对发酵白酒糟的ME则无显著差异。     

应用套算法估测肉羊精饲料代谢能

本试验旨在应用套算法建立肉羊精饲料代谢能估测模型。选取66只18月龄体重为(49.6±1.3)kg的杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代去势肉羊,采用完全随机区组设计分为11组,包括1个基础饲粮组和10个试验饲粮组,每组6只羊。通过消化代谢试验(为期8 d)和气体代谢试验(为期3 d)并结合套算法计算10种精饲料的消化能和代谢能,建立精饲料代谢能和其概略养分或可消化养分之间的模型。结果表明,1)10种精饲料总能、酸性洗涤纤维含量与消化能呈显著相关(P0.05),有机物含量与消化能达到极显著相关(P0.01);精饲料概略养分与代谢能之间则无显著相关性(P0.05)。2)10种精饲料的可消化养分与代谢能存在极显著相关(P0.01),所建立的预测方程为:ME=-1.907+1.344DE+1.321DDM-5.347DOM-2.093DADF(R2=0.845,n=60,P0.01);ME=-2.105+1.349DE-6.577DOM(R2=0.842,n=60,P0.01)。[ME为代谢能(MJ/kg),DE为消化能(MJ/kg),DDM为可消化干物质(%),DOM为可消化有机物(%),DA DF为可消化酸性洗涤纤维(%)。]综上所述,本试验条件下无法利用精饲料概略养分预测其代谢能,通过精饲料的可消化养分可准确预测其代谢能。     

利用饲料原料中的营养成分和可消化营养成分含量建立肉羊常用蛋白质饲料原料代谢能的预测模型

本试验应用套算法分析肉羊常用蛋白质饲料原料中的营养成分含量和可消化营养成分对有效能值的影响,基于饲料原料中的营养成分含量和可消化营养成分建立蛋白质饲料原料代谢能(ME)的预测模型。选取36只22月龄、体重为(52.6±1.4)kg的杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代杂交去势肉羊,采用完全随机区组设计分为6个处理,包括1个基础饲粮处理和5个试验饲粮处理,每个处理6只羊。利用消化代谢试验和呼吸代谢试验并结合套算法计算5种蛋白质饲料原料的消化能(DE)和ME,并分析蛋白质饲料原料DE、ME与该原料中营养成分[干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、总能(GE)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)]和可消化营养成分[可消化干物质(DDM)、可消化有机物(DOM)、可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)、可消化粗脂肪(DEE)、可消化中性洗涤纤维(DNDF)、可消化酸性洗涤纤维(DADF)]含量之间的相关关系。结果表明:饲料原料中的OM、DDM、DOM、DCP含量与DE和ME均存在极显著正相关(P0.01);另外,DADF与DE存在极显著负相关(P0.01),与ME存在显著负相关(P0.05)。通过饲料原料中的营养成分含量预测ME的方程为:ME(MJ/kg)=-82.855+2.391OM(%)+1.802EE(%)-6.21GE(MJ/kg)-0.121ADF(%)(R2=0.910,n=30,P0.01);通过饲料原料中的可消化营养成分含量预测ME的方程为:ME(MJ/kg)=-5.564+30.526DOM(%)+55.402DEE(%)(R2=0.841,n=30,P0.01);通过饲料原料中的可消化营养成分含量与DE共同预测ME的方程为:ME=-5.787+1.126DE(MJ/kg)+20.769DEE(%)(R2=0.879,n=30,P0.01)。综上所述,在本试验中,蛋白质饲料原料中的部分营养成分和可消化营养成分含量与ME之间存在显著相关,可通过饲料原料中的营养成分和可消化营养成分含量对肉羊蛋白质饲料原料的ME进行有效预测。