主题策划:鸡传染性法氏囊病的防控

鸡传染性法氏囊病是由传染性法氏囊病毒引起雏鸡的急性、高度接触性传染病。我国将其列为二类疫病。该病主要侵害雏鸡的免疫器官法氏囊,当法氏囊发育成熟时极易感染病毒,在感染法氏囊病     

HVT＋IBD二联疫苗对黄羽肉鸡传染性法氏囊病的免疫保护效果

传染性法氏囊病超强毒株的存在导致传染性法氏囊病时有发生。为了预防超强毒株引起的传染性法氏囊病,在黄羽肉鸡中多使用中强毒力的传染性法氏囊病活疫苗,但这一类疫苗会影响雏鸡免疫系统的发育,导致免疫抑制现象。HVT＋IBD二联疫苗（威力克）是梅里亚公司生产的一种新型疫苗,是将传染性法氏囊病病毒的主要免疫保护抗原VP2基因插入火鸡疱疹病毒HVT中获得的载体疫苗,1日龄皮下注射免疫之后．可以同时预防鸡马立克氏病和传染性法氏囊病。本研究探讨了这种新型疫苗对黄羽肉鸡传染性法氏囊病的免疫保护效果,综合实验室免疫试验结果和田间免疫试验结果,威力克免疫对黄羽肉鸡法氏囊发育不会造成损伤;威力克免疫组在21d时IBD抗体水平高于法倍灵免疫组,特别是在21～28d时尤其如此。实验结果表明,威力克免疫能为黄羽肉鸡提供更好的免疫保护,获得更好的经济效益。     

杜仲提取物对肉仔鸡免疫器官发育影响的组织学观察

在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,在肉用仔鸡饮用水中添加0、1.25%、2.5%和5%的杜仲提取物,通过观察1、2、3、4、5、6周肉仔鸡法氏囊、胸腺和脾脏发育的组织学情况,来研究杜仲的生物学功能,旨在为杜仲提取物作为饲料添加剂提供理论依据.结果表明,添加2.5%、5%杜仲提取物试验组中胸腺小叶、脾小结和法氏囊小结发育程度与对照组相比均发生显著性变化,因而从组织学角度进一步表明了杜仲能够不同程度地促进免疫器官的发育,增强机体的免疫应答能力,从而提高了机体的抵抗力.     

肉鸽法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺的形态学、组织学观察

[目的]为今后研究肉鸽免疫功能提供其免疫器官的形态学、组织学观察依据。[方法]选取40日龄的肉鸽,摘除法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺进行形态学观察;通过制作常规石蜡切片,苏木精—伊红染色,显微照相进行组织学观察。[结果]40日龄肉鸽法氏囊黏膜上皮完整,黏膜固有层腔上囊小结数量减少,体积变小,中间出现空泡,淋巴细胞减少;法氏囊小结中皮质和髓质界限不明显,小结周围有大量的结缔组织增生,导致法氏囊免疫功能降低。脾脏各组织结构发育趋于完善,细胞排列紧密。胸腺髓质中淋巴细胞较少,可见胸腺小体;皮质中淋巴细胞较多。[结论]40日龄的肉鸽法氏囊开始萎缩,免疫功能降低,而脾脏和胸腺免疫功能正常。     

肌肽对肉鸡免疫器官发育及ND疫苗免疫效果的影响

研究L-肌肽对肉仔鸡免疫器官发育及新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响。选用AA肉鸡苗400只,随机均分4组,每组2个重复,在饮水中分别添加0、20、40、60mg/L L-肌肽,每周末各组测定ND抗体效价,胸腺、脾和法氏囊指数。结果表明:肌肽40、60mg/L剂量组能够不同程度地促进免疫器官的发育,提高胸腺、脾和法氏囊指数;增加ND抗体滴度水平。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊断与防治

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是由病毒引起雏鸡的急性、高度接触性传染病,以法氏囊发炎、坏死、萎缩和法氏囊内淋巴细胞严重受损为特征,从而引起鸡的免疫机能障碍,干扰各种疫苗的免疫效果。下面就当前鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊断与防治相关情况作如下报道,供参考。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊断与防控

鸡传染性法氏囊病是由传染性法氏囊病病毒引起的幼鸡的一种急性高度接触性传染病。病毒损伤雏鸡的法氏囊,可导致免疫抑制,干扰各种疫苗的免疫效果。从该病的病原、流行病学特点、诊断与防控等方面进行阐述,以期为科学防控鸡传染性法氏囊病提供参考。     

鸡胚免疫新城疫疫苗后宿主法氏囊转录组学分析

【目的】通过转录组学分析鸡胚免疫新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus, NDV)TS09-C株后宿主法氏囊内免疫关键基因及信号通路分子转录差异,探究免疫后宿主法氏囊内免疫相关分子的调控反应。【方法】将60只18胚龄SPF鸡胚随机分为免疫组和对照组,30枚/组,免疫组将NDV TS09-C株通过羊膜腔接种鸡胚,剂量为10^3.0 EID₅₀/枚,注射体积为0.1 mL,对照组以同样的方法接种等体积PBS。检测免疫后不同时间点肺脏、胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊组织的病毒载量。选取病毒载量最高的法氏囊组织进行转录组学测序后,筛选免疫相关差异表达基因并分析其参与的主要功能及通路。【结果】免疫后1 d法氏囊组织中即可监测到病毒,免疫后3 d病毒载量达到最高。将免疫后3 d的法氏囊进行转录组学分析,与对照组相比,免疫组有453个基因上调、98个基因下调,其中免疫相关基因有36个上调、10个下调。免疫相关差异表达基因主要富集于自噬和细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用的免疫相关通路。差异表达基因蛋白互作分析显示,自噬通路中富集的BCL2与其他免疫相关基...     

蒲公英对乌骨鸡生产性能和免疫作用的研究

为了研究蒲公英对乌骨鸡免疫功能的影响,试验采用单因子方差分析进行试验设计、分组,以拌料法和饮水法给乌骨鸡饲喂蒲公英,通过测定不同日龄乌骨鸡体重、抗NDV血清抗体效价、免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊)重量和指数,研究其对乌骨鸡增重和免疫功能的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,2个试验组增重差异显著;蒲公英能促进乌骨鸡抗NDV抗体的产生;对乌骨鸡脾脏发育有一定的抑制作用,对法氏囊的影响因给药方式不同而有一定差异,对胸腺发育有一定的促进作用。说明蒲公英对乌骨鸡免疫功能具有一定影响。     

牛磺酸对动物免疫功能的影响

牛磺酸具有广泛的生物学效应,是调节正常生理功能的重要物质。文章从免疫器官发育、免疫细胞、抗体和细胞因子以及抗炎症反应等方面重点讨论牛磺酸对动物免疫功能的影响。     

鸭胚腔上囊的组织结构发育动态研究

对孵化15-25日龄的鸭胚腔上囊进行连续动态研究，结果表明，从腔上囊形成开始到出壳的鸭胚尚法治形成较完整的具体体液免疫功能的组织结构；非炎性状态下腔上囊淋巴滤泡内出现的嗜异形细胞在腔上囊的分化发育中起着重要的组织改建作用。     

黄芪多糖药理作用及在动物生产中的应用研究进展

中药黄芪有增强机体的免疫、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗衰老等多种功能,能影响动物胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊等免疫器官的发育,促进淋巴细胞转化和增殖及巨噬细胞吞噬功能,提高动物机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫能力。黄芪多糖是黄芪中含量最多、免疫活性较强的一类物质。文中就黄芪多糖的药理作用研究进展及在动物生产中的应用现状作一综述。     

洋葱槲皮素对鸡免疫器官指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能及分泌细胞因子的影响

为了探讨洋葱槲皮素对鸡免疫功能的影响,研究选用180只健康1日龄海兰褐公鸡雏,设空白对照组、阳性对照组、1 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、2 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、4 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组和8 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组。每组30只鸡雏,自由采食、饮水。1日龄开始,阳性对照组在饮水中按0.05 g/L加入左旋咪唑,1 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、2 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、4 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组和8 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组在饲料中分别按1、2、4、8 g/kg加入洋葱槲皮素,连喂28 d。在29和36日龄,采用称重法检测洋葱槲皮素对鸡脾、法氏囊和胸腺指数的影响;在29日龄,采用MTT法检测洋葱槲皮素对鸡腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响;采用ELISA法检测洋葱槲皮素对鸡腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-4和IL-12的影响。结果显示,洋葱槲皮素能够提高脾、法氏囊和胸腺指数;提高巨噬细胞吞噬功能,诱导巨噬细胞IL-4和IL-12的分泌量。4 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组的作用效果优于1 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组、2 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组和8 g/kg洋葱槲皮素组,呈双向调节。试验表明,洋葱槲皮素可通过促进脾、法氏囊和胸腺的发育,提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,诱导巨噬细胞IL-4和IL-12分泌,进而提高机体的免疫功能。     

Expression of the PACAP‐immunoreactivity in the Lymphoid Organs of the Duck

Introduction: The interactions occurring between nervous and immune systems are well documented. These interactions involve several types of chemical messengers including hormones, cytokines, classic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. It has been observed that the lymphoid organs receive a dense peptidergic innervation and immune cells produce neuropeptides. Neuropeptides, in turn, are involved in the regulation of the inflammatory processes and in the maturation of the lymphoid organs. Several studies have demonstrated that the immunomodulatory neuropeptides and their receptors are expressed in the thymus and bursa of fabricius. PACAP is a glucagon/VIP/secretin family peptide. It was originally isolated from the ovine hypothalamus and then it was found in the autonomic nervous system. PACAP is involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary function, neurotransmission and neuromodulation. In the immune system, PACAP is expressed in lymphoid tissues of the rat and in the lymphocytes of the duck GALT. PACAP, therefore, could be a messenger of the dialogue between nervous and immune system. It may have a role in the regulation of the inflammatory processes by stimulating histamine and serotonin and modulating the production of the cytokines in immune cells. Methods: Immunohistochemistry on paraffin‐embedded sections of thymus and bursa of fabricius of the duck of different ages by using an antibody anti‐PACAP38. Results and Discussion: In the thymus, PACAP‐immunoreactivity was found in lymphoid cells and, with a lesser extent, in epithelial reticular cells. The immunoreactive lymphocytes were primarily observed in the interlobular septa in close vicinity to the interlobular veins. The number of positive lymphocytes increased with ageing. In the bursa of fabricius, PACAP‐IR was found in nerve fibres and in a few lymphoid cells. These results suggest that PACAP could play a role in the maturation and involution of these organs and in the immune functions.     

益生菌对肠道黏膜免疫的影响

益生菌作为一类以活菌为主的新型菌制剂,能在肠道内定殖,维护肠道菌群平衡,并刺激肠黏膜免疫组织,对肠道黏膜免疫有重要的影响。益生菌可直接作用于宿主的免疫系统,刺激胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊等免疫器官的发育,促进巨噬细胞活力或发挥佐剂作用,活化肠黏膜内相关淋巴组织,使免疫球蛋白A分泌增加,使免疫球蛋白A生物合成增加,提高消化道黏膜免疫功能。     

Study on the Immunity Effect of Infectious Bursal Disease Immune Complex Vaccine on One-day Old Moderate Maternal Antibody Chick

One-day-old moderate maternal antibody Jinghong chickens and SPF chickens were vaccinated with infectious bursal disease (IBD) immune complex (IC) vaccine and BX strain live vaccine,respectively,pathological changes of bursa of fabricius in chickens were observed at the 9th day after immunization.On the 28th day after immunization,blood samples were taken and the IBDV neutralizing antibody were tested,meanwhile experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent IBDV,the protective rates of experimental groups were calculated.The results showed that at the 9th day after immunization,the bursa of fabricius in SPF and Jinghong chickens were normal in IC vaccine group,however atrophic changes of bursa of fabricius in BX strain live vaccine group were shown.At the 28th day after immunization,the IBDV neutralizing antibody of IC vaccine group and BX strain live vaccine group in SPF and Jinghong chickens were 9.2log2,8.5log2,7.2log2 and 4.4log2,respectively,while 100% protection rates were provided.The results provided that IC vaccine had better immunity effect on one-day-old moderate maternal antibody chicken,high levels of neutralizing antibodies against IBDV were produced and protection rates were 100%.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗对1日龄中等母源抗体水平雏鸡免疫效果的研究

将鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗和BX株活疫苗分别免疫1日龄中等母源抗体水平京红雏鸡,同时免疫1日龄SPF雏鸡作对照,免疫后第9天观察法氏囊病变,免疫后第28天采血测定IBDV中和抗体,并用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果显示,免疫后第9天,免疫复合物疫苗组SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡法氏囊均正常,BX株活疫苗组SPF雏鸡法氏囊出现了萎缩病变;免疫后第28天,对照SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡的免疫复合物疫苗组、BX活疫苗组IBDV中和抗体效价分别为9.2log2、8.5log2和 7.2log2、4.4log2,攻毒保护率均为100%。试验结果表明免疫复合物疫苗免疫1日龄中等水平母源抗体雏鸡效果很好,能产生较高的中和抗体,攻毒保护率能达到100%。     

肉雏鸡与蛋雏鸡法氏囊生长发育规律的探讨

通过测量不同日龄肉鸡与蛋鸡的法氏囊指标研究其生长发育规律。肉鸡分别在10个不同日龄随机选取10只健康鸡。蛋鸡分别在12个不同日龄随机选取健康的公鸡、母鸡各10只。宰杀后,摘取法氏囊称重,测量其长、宽、高,并制作石蜡组织切片进行HE染色,然后显微镜下测量法氏囊滤泡的长、宽、皮质及髓质厚度。结果表明,肉鸡法氏囊重量随日龄的增长不断增加,到49日龄达到最大,其滤泡的生长也符合此规律;蛋鸡的法氏囊重量从1～68日龄不断增长,并且到68日龄时达到最大值,68～96日龄逐渐减小,其滤泡生长也符合此规律,而法氏囊指数与日龄和体重的增加呈现一定规律的正相关。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗对1日龄低母源抗体水平雏鸡免疫效果的研究

将鸡传染性法代囊病病毒(IBDV)BX株抗原和IBDV高免血清按一定比例混合,初步制备了无菌的鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗1~5(分别含有32、8、4、0.5及0.125单位IBDV中和抗体),用鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗1~5及BX株活疫苗分别免疫1日龄低母源抗体水平雏鸡,免疫后9 d观察法氏囊病变,免疫后28 d采血测定IBDV中和抗体,并用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果显示,免疫后9 d,复合物疫苗1~3免疫组鸡法氏囊正常,复合物疫苗4、5免疫组和BX株活疫苗免疫组分别有2/10、4/10和5/10的试验鸡法氏囊出现了病变;免疫后28 d,复合物疫苗1~5免疫组和BX株活疫苗免疫组IBDV中和抗体效价分别为8.34log2、9.60log2、9.21log2、7.88log2、9.50log2和9.12log2,攻毒保护率分别为90%、100%、100%、80%、90%和80%。试验结果表明鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗2、3(分别含8、4单位IBDV中和抗体)免疫1日龄低母源抗体水平的雏鸡效果最好,攻毒保护率能达到100%。     

Study on the Immunity Effect of Immune Complex Vaccine for Infectious Bursal Disease on One-day Old Low Maternal Antibody Chicken

Five kinds of infectious bursal disease (IBD) immune complex (IC) vaccines were prepared with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) BX strain mixed with IBDV hyperimmune serum according to a certain proportion (containing 32, 8, 4, 0.5 and 0.125 units IBDV neutralizing antibody, respectively).One-day old low maternal antibody chickens were vaccinated with IBD IC vaccines 1 to 5 and BX strain live vaccine, respectively, pathological changes of the bursa of fabricius in chickens were observed at the 9th day after immunization.On the day of 28 after immunization, blood samples were taken and the IBDV neutralizing antibody were tested, meanwhile all experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent IBDV, the protective rates of vaccines were calculated.The results showed that at the 9th day after immunization, the bursa of fabricius were normal in IC vaccine 1, 2 and 3 groups, however 2/10, 4/10 and 5/10 of pathological changes of the bursa of fabricius in IC vaccine 4, 5 groups and BX strain vaccine group, respectively.At the 28th day after immunization, the IBDV neutralizing antibodies in IC vaccine 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 groups and BX strain vaccine group were 8.34log2, 9.60log2, 9.21log2, 7.88log2, 9.50log2 and 9.12log2, while 90%, 100%, 100%, 80%, 90% and 80% protection rates were provided, respectively.The results showed that IBD IC vaccines 2 and 3 (containing 8, 4 units IBDV neutralizing antibody, respectively) had the best immunity effect on one-day old low maternal antibody chickens, protection rates were both 100%.