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肠道甲烷是反刍家畜瘤胃发酵的副产物,肠道甲烷排放降低了家畜对饲草料的利用率,同时是影响气候变化的重要因素。百年尺度上,CH_4全球增温潜势(Global warming potentials)是CO_2的25倍;20年尺度上,CH_4全球增温潜势是CO_2的72倍,CH_4对全球温室效应贡献率高达18%。反刍家畜瘤胃肠道是主要的CH_4排放源,实现反刍家畜CH_4减排对提高家畜生产能力和改善大气环境具有双赢效果。论文概述了反刍家畜肠道CH_4排放机制,家畜肠道CH_4排放趋势及反刍家畜肠道CH_4减排,以期为低碳牧业提供理论参考。 相似文献
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低碳经济与草业发展的新机遇 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
发展低碳经济是我国应对气候变化的必然选择,草业在低碳经济发展中将发挥重要作用。草地是陆地生态系统大的碳库,在减少和固持CO2方面将发挥主要作用。我国草地资源丰富,并且能源草开发潜力巨大。通过选择碳固持能力高的饲草,优化人工草地种植结构,建植高效固碳人工草地,改善反刍家畜日粮结构,增加优质饲草比例,降低反刍家畜温室气体排放等措施,增加碳的固持能力,推动低碳经济的发展。 相似文献
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反刍动物瘤胃和粪便中产生的甲烷是造成大气温室效应的主要气体之一。但是,粪便中甲烷排放持续期很长,排放数量难以检测,故受到研究者的忽视。作者介绍了反刍动物粪便中甲烷排放量的测定技术,探讨了其排放量的影响因素,指出有必要同时研究瘤胃和粪便中甲烷生成的调控措施。 相似文献
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广东省反刍动物甲烷排放量的估算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据OECD(1991)和IPCC提供的反刍动物甲烷排放量的计算方法,结合中国反刍动物的能量供应特点,初步估算2000年广东省反刍动物的甲烷排放量为215.10Gg,占全国反刍动物甲烷排放总量的4.3%左右,反刍动物摄入总能的6.99/5~7.5%通过甲烷排放损失掉。文中对估算结果做了分析,并结合广东省反刍动物生产的发展趋势提出了建议。 相似文献
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反刍动物甲烷排放监测一直难以建立起精确的评估体系,其中一个重要原因是常用检测反刍动物甲烷排放的方法不够完善,另外检测仪器受外部环境的影响,难以保证其准确度和灵敏度。目前,红外光谱检测技术正在被广泛应用于反刍动物甲烷排放检测,一些基于红外光谱检测技术的最新检测方法,如甲烷激光检测(LMD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱检测(FTIR)、Green Feed(GF)系统和便携式自动开路气体量化系统(GQS)也得到广泛运用。与以往常用方法相比,红外光谱检测技术具有一定优势。本文根据现有文献,从红外光谱检测的原理、可靠性及与其他常见方法对比,论述了红外光谱检测方法在反刍动物甲烷排放中的应用现状和应用前景,旨在为精确检测反刍动物的甲烷排放提供参考。 相似文献
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Ndao Séga Moulin Charles-Henri Traoré El Hadji Diop Mamadou Bocquier François 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(4):919-928
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Given the projected growth of methane emission by ruminants in developing countries, there is a clear need for reliable estimates of their contribution to... 相似文献
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Chiaki Narabe Saki Kamiyama Mizuki Saito Phoompong Boonsaen Anchalee Khongpradit Suriya Sawanon Yutaka Suzuki Satoshi Koike Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13614
The methane-mitigating potency of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) was evaluated by investigating gas production from batch cultures using feces from Thai native ruminants that had been incubated for different periods. Feces was obtained from four Thai native cattle and four swamp buffaloes reared under practical feeding conditions at the Kasetsart University farm, Thailand. Fecal slurry from the same farm was also included in the analysis. CNSL addition successfully suppressed the methane production potential of feces from both ruminants by shifting short chain fatty acid profiles towards propionate production. Methane mitigation continued for almost 150 days, although the degree of mitigation was more apparent from Day 0 to Day 30. Bacterial and archaeal community shifts with CNSL addition were observed in feces from both ruminants; specifically, Bacteroides increased, whereas Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased in feces to which CNSL was added. Fecal slurry did not show marked changes in gas production with CNSL addition. The findings showed that the addition of CNSL to the feces of ruminants native to the Southeast Asian region can suppress methane emission. Because CNSL can be easily obtained as a byproduct of the local cashew industry in this region, its on-site application might be ideal. 相似文献
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在反刍动物瘤胃中产甲烷菌生成甲烷既造成能量的浪费又产生大量温室气体,因此减少瘤胃甲烷生成与排放是提升生产效率与维持可持续发展的要求。瘤胃内的产甲烷菌通过共生、黏附和伴生模式,分别从原虫、细菌和真菌中摄取氢,保证氢营养型甲烷生成途径的顺利进行。抑杀原虫和产氢细菌、竞争性结合氢和阻断氢生成甲烷是基于氢调控抑制甲烷生成的途径。由于瘤胃微生物的冗余和互作,降甲烷的同时,瘤胃中饲料消化可能受到抑制,且单一的氢调控往往会诱发瘤胃的适应,瘤胃的降甲烷效果仅能短时间维持。为此,需从瘤胃微生物整体出发,通过多种氢调控机制的添加剂联用及间歇饲喂、幼龄反刍动物瘤胃早期调控、甲烷生成途径关键酶调控等的综合应用,实现更优的甲烷减排。 相似文献
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反刍动物瘤胃发酵所产生的甲烷通过嗳气经口排出体外,不仅会使饲料的利用率降低,也会加剧温室效应。因此,减少反刍动物瘤胃甲烷的排放量对经济和环境双方面都具有重要意义。主要对反刍动物的甲烷产生机制、甲烷排放量的影响因素以及甲烷抑制剂种类等方面进行了综述。 相似文献
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单宁对反刍动物促营养作用的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
长期以来,单宁一直被认为是饲料中的抗营养因子.近年来的研究表明,饲粮中含有适量的单宁对于反刍动物的生产性能及环境保护具有一定的积极作用,如降低蛋白质的瘤胃降解率、提高氮的利用率、抑制甲烷的排放、提高肉及乳的品质等.本文就单宁对反刍动物促营养作用的研究进展做一综述. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(2)
Methanogenic archaea reside primarily in the rumen and the lower segments of the intestines of ruminants, where they utilize the reducing equivalents derived from rumen fermentation to reduce carbon dioxide, formic acid, or methylamines to methane(CH_4). Research on methanogens in the rumen has attracted great interest in the last decade because CH_4 emission from ruminants contributes to global greenhouse gas emission and represents a loss of feed energy. Some DNA-based phylogenetic studies have depicted a diverse and dynamic community of methanogens in the rumen. In the past decade, researchers have focused on elucidating the underpinning that determines and affects the diversity, composition, structure, and dynamics of methanogen community of the rumen. Concurrently, many researchers have attempted to develop and evaluate interventions to mitigate enteric CH_4 emission. Although much work has been done using plant secondary metabolites, other approaches such as using nitrate and 3-nitrooxy propanol have also yielded promising results. Most of these antimethanogenic compounds or substances often show inconsistent results among studies and also lead to adverse effects on feed intake and digestion and other aspects of rumen fermentation when fed at doses high enough to achieve effective mitigation. This review provides a brief overview of the rumen methanogens and then an appraisal of most of the antimethanogenic compounds and substances that have been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Knowledge gaps and future research needs are also discussed with a focus on methanogens and methane mitigation. 相似文献