H6N6亚型禽流感病毒N6基因的原核表达与多克隆抗体制备

为表达H6N6亚型禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）神经氨酸酶（NA）蛋白,并制备多克隆抗体,本试验根据GenBank中AIV N6基因序列（登录号：MG434500）设计特异性引物,对贵州地区分离的H6N6亚型AIV贵州株进行N6基因PCR扩增,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a （+）中,构建重组原核表达载体pET-32a-N6,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达His-N6重组蛋白,将诱导产物超声破碎离心后,利用镍柱对重组蛋白进行纯化,并利用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting对表达蛋白进行双重鉴定,将纯化后的重组蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,并通过间接ELISA检测其效价。结果显示,AIV贵州株N6基因编码区长1 380 bp,可编码459个氨基酸,其中175－207 bp缺失33个核苷酸;重组质粒pET-32a-N6经双酶切鉴定分别获得大小为5 900 bp左右的载体条带和1 380 bp左右的目的基因条带,成功构建了pET-32a-N6重组质粒;蛋白超声破碎后经SDS-PAGE发现,重组蛋白主要存在于沉淀中,以包涵体形式存在,蛋白分子质量约为70 ku,与预期结果一致;纯化后的重组蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting双重鉴定,均在70 ku处出现条带,说明纯化的蛋白为重组蛋白pET-32a-N6,表达产物具有免疫学活性,包涵体经变性、复性处理,重组表达蛋白分别被His抗体和兔源抗N6多克隆抗体所识别。间接ELISA检测其效价高于1∶3 200。以上结果表明,试验成功克隆、表达了H6N6亚型AIV的N6基因,所制备的N6蛋白多克隆抗体具有良好的免疫活性,能被His抗体和兔源抗N6多克隆抗体所识别。     

H6N6亚型禽流感病毒反向遗传操作系统的建立

为建立H6N6亚型禽流感病-毒(AIV) A/Chicken/GuangDong/S1311/10 (W-CKGD)反向遗传操作系统,本研究构建了W-CKGD的8个重组质粒,拯救出AIV A/Chicken/GuangDong/S1311/10 (R-CKGD).全基因序列测定结果表明,救获病毒R-CKGD与野生病毒W-CKGD的核苷酸序列完全相同.R-CKGD与W-CKGD具有相同的受体结合特性和对BALB/c小鼠均呈低致病性,以106 EID50剂量鼻腔感染BALB/c小鼠,病毒仅在小鼠的呼吸道复制,可以引起小鼠体重下降但均不造成死亡.实验结果表明,R-CKGD与W-CKGD保持了一致的生物学特性,从而为进一步研究H6亚型AIV的致病机理及跨宿主传播机制等提供了良好的平台.     

Generation of monoclonal antibodies to porcine interleukin 6 (PIL-6) using the recombinant PIL-6 expressed in Escherichia coli

Porcine interleukin-6 (PIL-6) protein without signal peptide was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was expressed in an insoluble fraction, however, it was solubilized by refolding procedure using urea. From the solubilized protein, the recombinant PIL-6 (rPIL-6) was purified by a batch method using glutathione sepharose 4B and PreScission protease cleavage. By the B3B1 hybridoma cell proliferation assay, biological activity of the purified rPIL-6 was confirmed. Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) named 2B-1, 5A-8 and 4C-3 were generated by using the rPIL-6 as an immunogen. Immunoglobulin isotypes of the MAbs were IgG2a (4C-3) and IgG2b (2B-1 and 5A-8). For the epitope analysis, additive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis using deletion mutants of PIL-6 were performed. These experiments revealed that the two MAbs (2B-1 and 5A-8) recognize an overlapped epitope and the other (4C-3) recognizes a distinct epitope, and all epitopes reside in the region of aa26-64 of PIL-6.     

一株三穗鸭源H6N6亚型禽流感病毒的分离鉴定

探讨H6N6亚型禽流感病毒在鸭群中的流行状况,为贵州省流感疫情动态监测及防控提供依据。从贵州三穗县某养鸭殖场采集50份泄殖腔棉拭子,处理后经过绒毛尿囊腔接种9日龄非免疫鸡胚,通过血凝(HA)和血凝抑制试验(HI)分离到1株既不是新城疫病毒,也不是H5、H7和H9亚型禽流感的病毒;提取病毒RNA,通过禽流感病毒HA和NA基因通用引物扩增得到相应的HA和NA基因片段。经过测序比对分析证实所分离病毒为H6N6亚型禽流感病毒。贵州鸭群中存在H6N6亚型禽流感病毒,为进一步研究其起源和致病性提供了重要依据。     

黄芩苷对H6N6禽流感患鼠血液指标的影响

为了研究黄芩苷对H6N6禽流感(avian influenza,AI)病毒感染小鼠的血液学指标的影响。选用6-8周龄小鼠108只,随机平均分为阴性对照组、病毒阳性组、低、中、高黄芩苷治疗组和西药对照组;攻毒:阴性对照组尾静脉注射灭菌生理盐水0.2mL/只,其余各组均尾静脉注射H6N6禽流感病毒(108EID50) 0.2mL/只;治疗:攻毒3 d后进行灌胃给药,黄芩苷治疗组(0.014,0.028,0.056 mg/只/d),西药对照组(0.39 mg/只/d),病毒阳性组、阴性对照组每天给予等体积灭菌生理盐水,分别于治疗后3、6、9 d采血进行血常规检测。通过对各组别患鼠血液中白细胞、红细胞和血小板数目变化的分析。结果表明:(1)治疗后3、6、9 d高剂量黄芩苷组白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数目均极显著低于病毒阳性组和低、中剂量黄芩苷组(P0.01);(2)在治疗3、6和9 d时淋巴细胞数目和淋巴细胞百分比均极显著或显著高于病毒阳性组、低剂量黄芩苷治疗组和中剂量黄芩苷治疗组(P0.01或P0.05),与西药对照组差异不显著(P0.05);(3)在治疗3、6和9 d时,所有黄芩苷治疗组红细胞数目、血红蛋白浓度和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量均极显著高于病毒阳性组(P0.01),与阴性对照组合西药对照组差异不显著(P0.05);(4)在治疗3、6和9 d时所有黄芩苷治疗组血小板数目均极显著低于病毒阳性组(P0.01)。小结:黄芩苷在较高浓度时,对H6N6禽流感引起的炎症反应,具有降低白细胞总数,抑制出血反应的作用。     

Unilateral thyroidectomy in 6 horses

OBJECTIVE: To describe the surgical technique, complications, and outcome of thyroidectomy in 6 horses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Six horses, 10 to 22 years of age, with unilateral, rapidly enlarging thyroid masses. METHODS: Medical records between 1985 and 2000 were reviewed for horses that had unilateral thyroidectomy. Retrieved data included signalment, physical, clinical, and ultrasonographic examination findings, surgical technique, complications, and outcome. A minimum of 6 months follow-up was obtained. RESULTS: Six horses were identified. Three horses had tracheal compression and 2 of these also had exercise intolerance. On ultrasonography (5 horses), the enlarged thyroid ranged from 125 to 990 cm(3), and had either a heterogeneous (1 horse), cystic (2), or homogeneous (2) appearance. En bloc, unilateral thyroidectomy under general anesthesia was performed in all horses. After surgery, 3 horses had ipsilateral laryngeal hemiplegia, but tracheal compression was resolved. Thyroid masses were adenoma (3), C-cell compact carcinoma (1), and adenocarcinoma (1). No tumor recurrence or metastatic disease was reported 6 to 14 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral thyroidectomy can be successfully performed in horses with large thyroid tumors, but laryngeal hemiplegia can be an important surgical complication. Ultrasonographic examination is useful to define thyroid enlargement and location but is seemingly not useful to characterize tumor type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thyroidectomy is an uncommon surgical procedure and has an attendant risk for recurrent laryngeal nerve damage. Laryngoscopic examination before and after surgery and careful isolation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery is recommended.     

鸡白细胞介素-6的原核表达及其对疫苗免疫增强效果的研究

本研究采用PCR技术,扩增、克隆了鸡白细胞介素-6（ChIL-6）成熟肽基因并进行原核表达,对表达的鸡白细胞介素-6组蛋白（rChIL-6）通过尿素变性、复性液复性、PBS溶液透析等步骤进行纯化,经测定rChIL-6的促小鼠脾脏淋巴母细胞的增殖能力来评估重组蛋白的生物学活性;用4个不同浓度的rChIL-6在不同部位与NDV活疫苗、AIVH5N1灭活疫苗同时肌肉注射来评价其免疫增强作用。研究结果表明,表达rChIL-6为25ku左右,经纯化后的蛋白纯度在95%以上;100pg/mLrChIL-6注射组具有较高的促小鼠脾淋巴母细胞增殖活性;不同浓度的rChIL-6注射组对NDV和AIVH5N1疫苗都具有较好的免疫增强作用,但对其免疫抗体产生时间及抗体滴度峰值出现和维持时间均没有明显的影响,其中0.03μg/mLrChIL-6浓度注射组的对鸡疫苗的免疫增强作用最明显,过高或过低浓度的rChIL-6对疫苗免疫增强作用不显著。这些研究为新型免疫增强佐剂开发以及鸡免疫失败性疫病的预防和治疗奠定了基础。     

Congenital vulvar deformity in 6 alpacas

CASE DESCRIPTION: 6 female alpacas, ranging in age from < 1 day to > 2 years, were examined because of primary owner complaints related to urogenital malformation. CLINICAL FINDINGS: In all instances, the vulva was totally to subtotally imperforate. One neonate had failure of passive transfer of immunity and mild azotemia at the time of initial examination. No additional urogenital malformations were detected in any of the alpacas. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Vulvoplasty performed via local anesthesia was successful in all alpacas. The neonate with failure of passive transfer received a plasma transfusion. Postsurgical wound management was limited to topically applied medications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Congenital vulvar deformity in alpacas may result in interference with urine outflow. Neonates with a completely imperforate vulva may be brought to veterinarians for examination on an emergency basis. Less severely affected alpacas may be examined later in life with owner complaints ranging from stranguria or dysuria to urogenital malformation. No other primary abnormalities of the urogenital tract in alpacas have been reported, to the authors' knowledge. Vulvoplasty, performed with local anesthesia, resolves obstructed urine flow. Because it is possible that this condition is heritable, affected alpacas, and possibly their sires and dams, should not be used for breeding.