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甲氧苄啶对黄芩苷体外抗菌增效作用的试验 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
黄芩苷是从唇形科植物黄芩的干燥根中提取的一种黄酮类化合物,具有抗菌、消炎和免疫调节等多种药理作用[1].甲氧苄啶(TMP)为广谱抗菌增效剂,临床上常与磺胺类药物联用以增强磺胺类药物的了抗菌效果,其还可增强多种抗生素以及中药的抗菌作用[2-3].而关于TMP对黄芩苷的抗菌增效作用未见报道.为了探讨TMP对黄芩苷抗菌活性的影响,促进黄芩苷在防治畜禽传染性疾病上的应用,进行黄芩苷与TMP联用的性质和增效剂量关系的试验,并确定TMP对黄芩苷体外抗菌增效的最佳剂量,为开发高效中药复方抗菌制剂奠定基础. 相似文献
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金银花为常用传统中药,具有清热解毒、抗多种病原微生物、免疫增强、消除耐药质粒等多种功效[1].而甲氧苄啶(TMP)作为合成抗菌药,本身抗菌作用较弱,一般不单独应用;临床上TMP主要用作磺胺类药物的抗菌增效剂,其还可以增强多种抗生素类药物以及中草药的抗菌作用[2-3].但目前有关TMP对金银花的抗菌增效作用研究较少,尤其增效的剂量关系研究未见报道.本试验旨在通过研究金银花与TMP联用的性质和增效的剂量关系,从而确定TMP对金银花抗菌增效的最佳剂量,为中西药复方制剂的开发提供基本理论支持. 相似文献
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恩诺沙星属氟喹诺酮第三代产品,具有抗菌谱广,杀菌活性强,体内分布广,抗菌作用独特,与其他抗菌药无交叉耐药性等特点。它对大部分革兰阴性菌、部分革兰阳性菌及某些支原体、衣原体、立克次体均有效。目前,临床上使用的恩诺沙星剂型主要有片剂、普通注射剂、散剂、溶液剂等。混悬剂是指难溶性固体药物以微粒状态分散于液体介质中而形成的非均相液体制剂,注射用的混悬剂要求颗粒大小适宜,具有良好的通针性和再分散性,而且不能沉降太快。将药物制成混悬型注射剂不仅解决了难溶性药物注射给药的问题,而且混悬剂注射给药后吸收延缓,可显著延长疗… 相似文献
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胸腺肽是胸腺产生的一组蛋白质和多肽激素,能刺激T淋巴细胞的成熟、平衡和调节免疫功能,是一种与机体的细胞免疫有密切关系的激素.胸腺肽主要来源于动物胸腺,医学临床上所用的胸腺肽多是从小牛或猪的胸腺中提取出来的.现在市场上广泛使用的胸腺肽是沿用的Goldstein等在1966年建立的从小牛胸腺中提取的第五组分(F5)的方法经过改良提取的.由于胸腺素F5是含有10~15个组分的一类多肽物质,所以亦称胸腺肽.胸腺肽具有多种药理免疫作用[2].当前市售的胸腺肽制剂主要有冻干和液体两种剂型,但由于生产工艺不同,原料来源也不一样,制剂在其有效成分、生物活性、多肽含量、分子量等指标方面均存在着一定的差异. 相似文献
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双黄连制剂的药理作用及在兽医临床中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双黄连制剂为金银花、黄芩、连翘三味中药精制而成的纯中药制剂,具有辛凉解表、清热解毒之功效。根据现代药理研究和动物试验证实,双黄连制剂的药理作用主要有抗菌、抗病毒、解热抗炎及增强机体免疫力等。兽医临床上对感冒发热、细菌、病毒及气候变化引起的家禽、家畜及宠物等的各种呼吸道疾病及细菌感染引起的胃肠道疾病等均有明显疗效。随着研究的不断深入,双黄连制剂在兽医临床上将会得到广泛的应用。目前,兽医临床上现有剂型主要为口服液、可溶性粉及注射液等。论文对双黄连制剂的药理、毒理及在兽医临床上的应用进行了综述,为双黄连制剂的药理作用的研究及临床应用提供依据。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献