马尾松不同家系扦插育苗试验初报

马尾松不同家系插穗的生根能力有较大的差异,其生根率的差异达极显著水平;扦插繁殖的母株年龄效应明显,其生根率的差异达显著水平;不同产地家系间的插穗生根率有一定差异,但未达显著水平;马尾松扦插繁殖用“全光喷雾”装置和ＡＢＴ生根粉处理是可行的,其生根率平均达７４．５％。     

落羽杉属种源研究：扦插生根能力变异

研究了不同种源、家系落羽杉扦插繁殖生根能力的遗传变异。结果表明,落羽杉嫩枝扦插一般7d开始产生愈伤组织,15d开始发根。活条率、生根率、发根数、不定根总长、生根力指数和抽梢长度等6个性状在种源、家系间均有显著或极显著差异。1600号、401号、502号和鸡公山种源是生长和生根能力兼优的种源家系。500×10-6NAA快浸可以显著提高落羽杉种源扦插生根率。同时还分析了扦插生根性状间及生根力与母树生长间的相关关系。     

明月草扦插繁殖试验

对明月草不同类型枝条的扦插繁殖试验结果:不同类型插条均可生根,嫩枝、半木质化枝和硬枝的生根率在80%~86.6%,平均生根数、最长根长差异不显著;生根粉处理的各类插条间的生根率和平均最长根长无显著差异,但明显提高生根数量,其中硬枝、半木质化枝生根数量显著(或极显著)高于嫩枝;粗河沙、腐殖土是最适宜扦插繁殖的基质。     

日本落叶松插穗生根力的变异和选择效应

用１２个６．５年生半同胞家系和２个１０．５年生杂种群体的１４０个单株的半木质化插穗在全光自动喷雾装置条件下扦插，研究了生根率，每穗生根数目，最长根的长度，当年插条苗高和根系分布状态（偏向一侧或环基均匀分布）的家系内变异程度，各生根性状间的表型相关关系，传力及方差分量等。看到参试１４个家系间各生根性状差异显著，但家系内无性系间的差异比家系间列大，由于生根率与其它生根性状相关很强，可把根率做为主导选择     

元江干热河谷地区的尾叶桉扦插育苗试验

从广东湛江引进尾叶桉组培苗 ,先种植建立采穗圃 ,然后采其嫩枝作为插条。用不同浓度的 5种生长激素处理插条、并在 3种基质上作尾叶桉的扦插育苗试验 ,经扦插生根天数和生根率的对比 ,结果表明 :不同基质间的插条生根天数存在极显著差异 ;不同生长激素浓度和育苗基质间插条的生根率也存在极显著差异。育苗基质以无菌生红土为好 ,生长激素以 1g/L桉树生长调节剂和 1g/L吲哚丁酸为好 ,插条的生根率达 90 %以上。本项技术已在元江大批量培育尾叶桉扦插苗中应用 ,且扦插苗种植后生长快 ,表明尾叶桉在元江干热河谷区是一种值得推广的好树种。     

5年生马尾松生长性状3地点家系变异及评价

[目的]研究3个试验点5年生马尾松生长和抽梢性状的家系遗传变异和遗传稳定性,为马尾松各栽植区选择优良材料提供科学依据。[方法]对2014年营建于湖北京山、湖南桂阳、广东信宜的5年生马尾松家系区域试验林进行生长及抽梢性状调查,分析各性状遗传变异规律及相关性,在此基础上评价家系的稳定性和速生性。[结果]5年生马尾松生长和抽梢性状在家系间、地点间和家系与地点互作间均存在极显著差异。3个试验点各性状的家系遗传力均大于单株遗传力,胸径、树高、轮盘总数和抽梢性状具有较高的遗传力,家系遗传力为0.72～0.96,单株遗传力为0.45～0.88。性状相关分析表明,速生的家系抽梢次数更多,当年抽梢较长,而第1次抽梢长度较短;采用AMMI模型根据家系树高和胸径的稳定性分析得出:ZP325、ZP386家系的树高稳定性最好,ZJ5153、ZJ39家系的胸径稳定性最好,GD8家系的胸径和树高稳定性均最差。以高出各试验点树高和胸径5.00%,且高于各试验点相应的1代种子园对照为速生性评价标准,在湖北京山、湖南桂阳、广东信宜分别评价出13、4和7个速生家系,其中,GLN2和GD7家系在3个试验点既速生又稳定,可作为3地点速生、稳定型优良家系。[结论]5年生马尾松生长和抽梢性状在家系间存在丰富的遗传变异,生长和抽梢性状受到较强遗传控制;速生家系抽梢次数较多,抽梢长度较长,但固定生长量较短;GLN2和GD7家系为3地点速生、稳定型优良家系。     

25年生马尾松优树子代生产力评价及家系选择

对25年生马尾松优树子代测定林调查分析,结果表明马尾松子代树高、胸径、材积在家系间存在显著的遗传变异,其家系遗传力分别为0.428、0.565和0.610。利用以树高、胸径、材积构建的指数选择方程从参试家系中选择出20个速生优良家系,平均材积遗传增益为26.0%。从入选的优良家系中选择出100株优良单株,平均材积比群体均值大122.21%。     

元江干热河谷地区的尾叶桉扦插育苗试验

从广东湛江引进尾叶桉组培苗，先种植建立采穗圃，然后采其嫩枝作为插条。用不同浓度的5种生长激素处理插条、并在3种基质上作尾叶桉的扦插育苗试验，经扦插生根天数和生根率的对比，结果表明：不同基质间的插条生根天数存在极显著差异；不同生长激素浓度和育苗基质间插条的生根率也存在极显著差异。育苗基质以无菌生红土为好，生长激素以1g／L核树生长调节剂和1g／L吲哚丁酸为好，插条的生根率达90％以上。本项技术已在元江大批量培育尾叶桉扦插苗中应用，且扦插苗种植后生长快，表明尾叶桉在元江干热河谷区是一种值得推广的好树种。     

Productivitv evaluation and family selection of 25-year old plus tree progeny in Pinus massoniana

对25年生马尾松优树子代测定林调查分析,结果表明马尾松子代树高、胸径、材积在家系间存在显著的遗传变异,其家系遗传力分别为0.428、0.565和0.610.利用以树高、胸径、材积构建的指数选择方程从参试家系中选择出20个速生优良家系,平均材积遗传增益为26.0％.从入选的优良家系中选择出100株优良单株,平均材积比群体均值大122.21％.     

沙枣不同家系硬枝扦插繁殖比较

以8个沙枣半同胞家系的1a生枝条扦插于全光喷雾沙床,比较家系间硬枝扦插繁殖效果。结果表明:各家系间扦插生根率和根系效果指数均差异显著;4号家系生根率最高,为97.22%,6号家系次之,生根率为95.83%,3号家系生根率最低,仅为70.88%;根系效果指数最高的是1号家系和4号家系,分别为1.49和1.40;根系效果指数最低为5号和8号家系,均为0.92。综合生根率和根系效果指数,扦插繁殖综合效果最好的是4号和6号家系。     

马尾松扦插繁殖技术的研究

对马尾松进行扦插繁殖试验,结果表明,采取剪除1～2年生母株的全部当年生新梢促萌,主梢可提高繁殖系数20倍以上,侧枝提高4倍以上;用吲哚丁酸和自配混合促根水溶液处理插穗,可使1年生母株穗条扦插成活率由40%提高到80%以上,多年生母株穗条扦插成活率由20%提高到60%以上。并表现出明显的年龄效应。扦插苗的地径明显大于同级实生苗。其全株重量、根重和根长亦显著增大。同时受母株遗传性所制约。说明其具有较大的无性系选育潜力。     

金雀花硬枝扦插试验研究

以3年生金雀花实生苗为试验材料,采用正交设计的方法,研究了激素种类(IAA,NAA和GGR)、质量浓度(1 000,1 500和2 000 mg/L)、处理时间(5,10,20 s)和插穗年龄(1,2,3年生)对其扦插生根的影响。结果表明:4因素对金雀花插穗生根质量均有显著影响,其中生根率1年生插穗极显著高于3年生插穗。因此,在实际生产中可通过修剪促进枝条萌芽,以增加1年生插穗的数量,多产出生根扦插苗;扦插生根的最佳处理为用1 500 mg/L IAA处理金雀花2年生插穗10 s,该处理的生根指标为生根率79.97%、根量13条/枝、根长71.68 mm。     

Genetic variation in rooting ability of loblolly pine cuttings: effects of auxin and family on rooting by hypocotyl cuttings

After about 20 days, hypocotyl cuttings from 20-day-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings rooted easily in the presence of the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), with roots forming directly from xylem parenchyma. In contrast, woody cuttings from 1-2-year-old hedged seedlings formed roots indirectly from callus tissue in 60-90 days, but IBA had little effect on rooting. Variation in rooting among hypocotyls from both half- and full-sib families was highly significant in response to IBA, and rooting did not occur within 20 days unless IBA was applied. Hypocotyls from poor rooting families tended to produce fewer roots per cutting than hypocotyls from good rooting families. Rooting by woody cuttings and hypocotyl cuttings from the same nine full-sib families was weakly correlated, raising the possibility that at least some common genetically controlled processes were affecting rooting by both types of cutting. The phytotropin N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), supplied at 1 micro M with 10 micro M IBA, significantly inhibited rooting by hypocotyl cuttings from both good and poor rooting families, but there was no significant family x treatment interaction. Family variation in rooting ability may be a function of the frequency of occurrence of auxin-responsive cells in the hypocotyls.     

母株年龄和插穗基部切削方式对日本落叶松生根的影响*

在无激素处理的条件下，１．５年生幼龄母株的插穗易于生根，平均生根率达９６．０％以上，且发根最大，偏根率低；４．５年生时，插穗生根率极显著低于１．５年生母株，而与８．５年生母株无显著差异；１２．５年生母株插穗生根率又极显著低于８．５年生母株。母株年龄与插穗生根率和偏根率分别呈显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．９６５２）和极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９９９３），但与生根量和平均最长根长度无显著相关。插穗基部切削方式不     

杂种松扦插繁殖试验初报

通过近３年的杂种松扦插繁殖试验结果表明,选用黄泥心土基质、穗条采下后浸于５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的台化牌植物生根促进剂溶液或１ｇ／ｋｇ多菌灵溶液各０．５ｈ或浸于１ｇ／ｋｇ多菌灵溶液０．５ｈ后蘸黄泥浆扦插等处理、在冬春季节光照充足的圃地、穗条长６～１４．５ｃｍ、顶端次生叶长５．５～１３ｃｍ等条件下扦插生根率高;并且在穗条、管理措施、扦插季节等条件合适的情况下,部分家系的扦插生根率较稳定,可达到７５％,最高达１００％。大规模扦插试验平均生根率达９１％。     

Maturation, topophysis and other factors in relation to rooting in Larix

We examined effects of mist quantity, topophysis (origin of cutting in the crown of 6-year-old trees), maturation state of the donor stock, and time of sticking on rooting and root system quality of cuttings representing five full-sib hybrid larch families obtained with Larix decidua Mill., L. laricina (du Roi) K. Koch, and L. kaempferi (Lamb.) Sarg. (Sieb. and Zucc.) Gord., as parents. Mist frequency, supplemental watering and family all had highly significant effects on percentage of cuttings rooting and root system quality. The high-frequency misting regime yielded both higher rooting percentages and higher quality root systems than the low-frequency regime without supplemental watering. Supplemental watering of the rooting medium in the low-frequency misting regime increased both percent rooting and root system quality to values comparable with those obtained by cuttings in the high-frequency misting regime. Rooting of cuttings from the top, middle and bottom whorls of 5-year-old plantation grown trees tended to decline with increasing height for three of the five families. Overall, height of cutting origin did not significantly affect rooting, but when analyzed separately, two families exhibited a significant decline in rooting toward the top of the trees. Age of donor ortet (ranging from 1 to 7 years) significantly affected both percent rooting and root system quality. Rooting percentages declined linearly with age, and root system quality declined more sharply than percent rooting. The relatively poor root system quality of cuttings from ortets older than 1 year was closely associated with plagiotropic growth. Softwood cuttings (stuck in mid-July) rooted better than hardwood cuttings (stuck in early September) across all families.     

Influence of nutrient application rate on growth and rooting potential of the West African hardwood Triplochiton scleroxylon

Effects of stock plant nutrition on growth and subsequent rooting of leafy stem cuttings of the commercially important west African tree Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. were investigated to identify the primary morphological variables influencing adventitious root formation. Potted plants were watered as required with one of four balanced nutrient solutions (0, 15, 63 or 125 mg N l(-1)). Increasing the nutrient supply to stock plants increased growth rate and rate of adventitious root production of subsequently harvested cuttings, but an optimum nutrient regime was not identified. Rooting percentage increased from 27% in cuttings harvested from stock plants receiving a low nutrient supply to 64% for cuttings harvested from stock plants receiving eight times the amount of nutrients extractable from plants under typical field conditions in West Africa. The ability of a cutting to retain its leaf during propagation and the length of the cutting were the primary measured characteristics associated with rooting and accounted for 43% of the variance fitted in the model. The length of the new shoot, total leaf area and within-shoot position (node position) were also significantly associated with rooting. After these characteristics were fitted to the model, the genetic origin (clone) was not statistically significant. We conclude that genetic variation in rooting potential is mediated through variations in morphological and physiological traits, rather than through genetic variation in cell differentiation or related aspects of root initiation.     

穗条生根剂育苗基质和季节对西南桦扦插生根的影响

西南桦(Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don)是我国西南省(区)造林规模最大的乡土珍贵用材树种.西南桦具有材性优良、容易加工、色泽淡红、不易变形等木材特性,是高级家具、室内装修、木地板的优质材料,经济价值甚高.由于目前育苗用种多采自天然次生林,随着西南桦天然资源的日益贫乏,加剧了造林规模不断扩大与供种量逐渐减少的矛盾;而且,实生苗造林的林木个体间遗传变异较大,林分木材单产较低.随着良种选育工作的深入,西南桦人工林向"有性选育,无性利用"路径发展.     

Improving regeneration of mahogany: techniques for vegetative propagation of four African mahogany species using leafy stem cuttings

Regeneration to ensure sustainable production and conservation of mahogany species globally is considered very important to foresters, investors in plantation, conservationists and timber industries worldwide. Natural regeneration of the mahoganies has been found to be far less than the rate of exploitation hence strong efforts are being made to develop other methods to regenerate mahogany seedlings to augment the low natural replacement and to ensure sustainability. This study was commissioned to investigate the effect of rooting media (river-sand, top soil and a mix of the two (50:50 v/v) on the rooting ability of four mahogany species (Khaya grandifoliola, K. ivorensis, Entandrophragma angolense and E. utile) using non-mist propagators. We investigated the effects of the source of stem cutting within a shoot (top, middle and basal position) on the rooting ability of stem cuttings from the four species in river-sand. Roots per cutting, longest root length and rooting percentage differed significantly among species in all three rooting media. Rooting ability was greatest in K. grandifoliola, which exhibited the highest average rooting percentage (73 %), longest average single root (9.9 mm) and the most roots per cutting (4.9). Rooting percentage was higher in the Khaya species than in the Entandrophragma species in all three rooting media. The mixed medium had the highest rooting percentage and the highest number of roots per rooted cutting in the two Khaya species, while the topsoil media had the best rooting percentage in the Entandrophragma species. Rooting of the two Khaya species can be maximized using a mixture of river-sand and topsoil. Cutting position within a shoot had significant impact on rooting in all four species with rooting percentage being best from middle positions in all four species. However, length of longest root and the number of roots per rooted cutting varied between the middle and basal portions. The study provides useful information for vegetative propagation of leafy stem cutting of the four African mahogany species, which could contribute to regeneration and conservation of these important timber species in the tropics.     

引种新资源卡亚扦插技术研究

本文以卡亚(Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)为对象,研究不同基质,不同木质化程度以及植物生长调节剂不同种类、浓度对其扦插生根的影响.研究结果显示:砂基质扦插效果最好,扦插8d后生根,生根率达95.3％,平均生根数为35.2条,平均根长为3.56条;不同木质化程度的穗条扦插效果存在差异,以顶芽(嫩枝)扦插效果最好;添加ABT的处理生根率高于添加IBA、NAA的处理,ABT、IBA、NAA等3个不同激素浓度为2000mg·L-1的处理生根数最多,从成本和配制难易程度来看可选择浓度为500mg·L-1的ABT作为卡亚扦插的最佳适用植物生长调节剂种类和浓度.