黄瓜花药培养中若干影响因素的研究

利用津春3号黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.cv Jinchun 3)花药为外植体材料,调查了适于其培养的花药发育时期与外部形态的关系,研究了预处理方式、不同基本培养基类型以及添加植物生长物质2,4-D、NAA、BAP和KT对黄瓜花药培养的愈伤组织诱导和生长的影响等。试验结果表明:津春3号花药最佳培养时期单核中后期的取材标准是花蕾长度为0.6￣1.8cm,花药0.2￣0.3cm,瓣萼等长或者瓣稍长,花瓣淡绿,花药浅绿至白绿;2,4-D是影响黄瓜花药愈伤组织形成的最主要因素,其最适浓度为2￣4mg.L-1;基本培养基类型对花药愈伤组织诱导效果影响显著,以N6培养基适应性最广。     

Effects of colchicine and cold duration pretreatments on androgenesis responses of tomato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycopersicon esculentum</Emphasis> Mill) via anther culture

The aim of the present study was to optimize the in vitro chromosome-doubling procedure by colchicine pretreatment in tomato anther culture. Anthers of 1.7–2.0 mm long were isolated at prophase-metaphase I and pretreated by different concentrations of colchicine (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg/l) at 4°C for 36 and 72 hrs under dark condition. After colchicine pretreatment, anthers were transferred to a colchicine free medium to callus and shoot induction. Analysis of variance showed that percentage of callus and shoot induction (PCI and PSI) were not influenced by cold pretreatment durations. However, significant differences were observed between cold durations for the number of regenerated (NRP) and the percentage of doubled haploid plants (PDH) (p < 0.05). Androgenesis responses were affected by different colchicine concentrations and interactive colchicine x cold durations (p < 0.05). Maximum PCI, PSI, NRP and PDH were belonged to 250 mg/l colchicine and 72 h cold duration. However, colchicine concentrations above than 250 mg/l had negative effect on androgenesis responses of anther cultures in both cold durations.     

Androgenic response of tomato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycopersicon esculentum</Emphasis> Mill.) lines and their hybrids to anther culture

The androgenic ability of four tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) lines (Micro-Tina, Micro-Gemma, Moneymaker and MsK8 as parents) and their hybrids (obtained as half diallel crosses) were studied through anther culture, The isolated anthers were cultured on three culture media including M1 (Park et al., 2001), M2 (Summers, 1997) and M3 (Evans et al. 1986) exposed to two pretreatments (26 ± 2°C as a control and at 4°C for 48 h as a cold pretreatment). Callus formation and callus growth (measured by callus diameter) occurred in the both pretreated anthers, but no callus produced shoot regeneration on the non-pretreated anthers. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between genotypes, culture media and their interactions for the studied traits. The highest callus formation was on M1 and M2 media, among which the longest callus diameter and the highest shoot regeneration were on M1 medium. The lines MsK8 and Micro-Gemma had a considerably higher frequency of callus formation and shoot regeneration and longer callus diameters than the other parents. On M1 medium, the highest frequency of callus formation and shoot regeneration belonged to hybrid MsK8 × Micro-Tina, and the longest callus diameter observed on hybrid Micro-Tina × Micro-Gemma. The mean values of callus formation, callus diameter, and shoot regeneration of hybrids in different culture media were significantly higher than those of the parents. In other words, heterosis (hybrid vigor) for the mentioned traits was observed on different culture media. Therefore, heterozygous genotypes (the hybrids) had a higher frequency of androgenic response than their parents.     

水稻花培一次成苗的研究Ⅰ．一次成苗与多级成苗的比较

以早香１７、早香１７／Ｃ＿（５７）、Ｃ＿（５７）为试验材料．对一次成苗和多级成苗进行了较系统的比较．结果表明：（１）籼型品种的花药绿苗率，一次成苗的较多级成苗的高，粳型品种则相反．籼粳杂交后代因培养基的不同而异；（２）３种基因型一次成苗的瓶绿苗率显著高于多级成苗的，在相同的培养规模下，一次成苗可提高１．４９倍；（３）一次成苗所培养的绿苗生长快壮，根系发达，鲜重增加，素质明显高于多级成苗的；（４）一次成苗可大大简化培养程序．降低培养成本，加快成苗速度．     

高花培力籼稻种质的获得与分析

在利用花培技术对Hs-3(籼稻)×EPS(籼稻)的2个F4株系进行快速纯合的育种过程中,意外发现其绿苗率很高.为验证高花培力的可遗传性,并筛选高花培力的籼稻种质,对两株系花培当代(H1)的58个单株进行了花培试验.结果表明:(1)花培力在H1株间存在很大变异;(2)高花培力是可以遗传的,有7个H1单株的花培绿苗率在10%以上,最高达到29.2%;(3)出愈率、绿苗分化率和绿苗率的遗传力都很高,依次为90.5%、81.8%和88.3%,因此十分有利于选择;(4)出愈率与绿苗分化率之间呈极显著正相关,因此在一定程度上可以通过出愈率的选择来获得较高绿苗分化率和绿苗率的基因型.     

Preliminary Study on Anther in vitro Culture of Lily＂Prato＂

The effects of the microspore developmental stage,hormones and culture condition on anther in vitro culture of lily(Lilium spp.) were discussed.The results showed that when the flower buds were about 23-26 mm long,the microspores were at the uninucleate stage which was suitable for culture and the culture under the darkness would promote the callus induction of anther.The induction frequency could reach 42.5% in the optimized medium which was MS+[6-BA(0.5)+KT(2.0)+2,4-D(1.0)] mg·L-1.The rate of callus diffe...     

籼稻花药培养出愈率、分化率和绿苗率的配合力分析

通过对５个籼稻品种（系）配成的５×５双列杂交后代的花药培养出愈率、分化率和绿苗率的分析表明：（１）出愈率、分化率和绿苗率是可遗传的特性，它们的遗传存在基因的加性效应和非加性效应，出愈率和绿苗率还具有明显的胞质效应；（２）一个具有较高出愈率的亲本或组合，其分化率和绿苗率并不一定高，愈伤组织的诱导过程和分化过程可能是由不同基因控制的；（３）在花培育种中，建议建立花培育种亲本圃，结合常规育种技术指导亲本选配．     

不同外植体及冷藏处理对华中枸骨组织培养的影响

[目的]研究不同外植体及冷藏处理对华中枸骨组织培养的影响。[方法]以华中枸骨带芽新梢茎段为外植体,考察外植体的取材时间、部位以及4℃冷藏处理对其初代培养的影响。[结果]华中枸骨以带芽的新梢茎段作为外植体进行组织培养时,以春季采取植株中上部枝条为宜,其中春季萌条的芽增殖倍数可达到4,中上部萌条的芽萌动率可达到45%。适当的冷藏处理对外植体的消毒以及芽的萌动有利,4℃冷藏处理14 h后的消毒成功率最高,可达到92%;冷藏处理22 h的芽萌动率最高,可达到18%。[结论]华中枸骨组织培养中外植体最好于春季选取植株中上部萌发的新梢顶芽;华中枸骨芽的萌动率随冷藏时间的增加呈线性增长,可能与低温打破休眠有关。     

大麦花药快速培养法及不同基因型对花药培养的影响

大麦花药培养是单倍体育种的基本技术之一,也是进行大麦转基因研究的技术基础。研究使用甘露醇预处理大麦花药,再在相应的诱导培养基和再生成苗培养基上培养,获得了大量分化绿苗。利用该方法比较了10个大麦杂交组合花药预处理4和5 d的效果,结果表明花药预处理4或5 d对培养效果没有显著影响,均能达到较高的绿苗产率。同时利用该方法比较了25个杂交组合的花药培养效果,发现组合间存在显著差异,而且绿苗产率和花药反应率及绿苗分化率呈极显著正相关。     

Effect of dry and wet storage at cool temperatures on the post-harvest performance of Ranunculus asiaticus L. flowers

A study was undertaken to assess the effect of different storage temperatures on senescence and postharvest performance of isolated flowers of Ranunculus asiaticus L.. The main aim of the work was to develop a cost-effective storage protocol to reduce the postharvest losses and to bring out the transportation of cut flowers of R. Asiaticus. The flowers were subjected to two different storage treatments, dry storage and wet storage, and their postharvest performance was compared under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the buds were harvested at 8:00 AM at loose bud stage (Stage II of flower development). The harvested buds were cut to a uniform size of 15 cm and processed for dry or wet storage. For dry storage, the buds were packed after wrapping them in moistened filter papers and kept at 5°C and 10°C. For wet storage, the buds were held in distilled water in separate glass beakers kept at 5°C and 10°C, respectively. A separate set of buds each for dry and wet storage was kept at room temperature (15±2)°C. After 72 h storage, the buds were kept at room temperature in distilled water. The average life of an individual flower that opened fully was about 4–5 days. The buds kept under wet storage at 5°C and 10°C for 72 h maintained their premature status, while the buds held at room temperature for 72 h generally bloomed. All the buds stored dry maintained their premature status irrespective of storage temperature. Storage of buds for 72 h at 5°C, followed by transferring to distilled water improved the longevity by about 5 to 6 days. Cold storage treatment before transferring to holding solution improved floral diameter, membrane integrity besides maintaining higher fresh and dry mass of flowers, sugar content, soluble proteins, and phenols. Our results suggested that wet and dry storage of premature buds of R. asiaticus for 72 h at 5°C, followed by placing them in distilled water, improved the cut flower longevity and can be used as effective postharvest storage treatments for this beautiful cut flower.     

梨花药、子房培养研究简报

本文报道了梨花药及子房培养的试验结果,获得了较高的愈伤组织诱导率(85％),得到了子房培养中的分化芽,并对不同材料的激素反应进行了分析。     

甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导与植株再生

以10份不同基因型甜(辣)椒为试材进行花药培养,通过对基因型、取蕾时期、低温预处理、热激处理、碳源及外源激素浓度配比等因素的研究,建立有效的甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体发生体系.结果表明:基因型是限制甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导的关键因素,不同品种间出胚率差异显著,其中品种003出胚率最高,为10.8%;处于盛花期的花蕾最适于甜(辣)椒花药培养;4℃低温预处理1-3 d有利于胚状体的诱导,以处理2 d的胚状体产率最高;以2%的麦芽糖代替3%的蔗糖能显著提高出胚率和子叶形胚的比率,筛选出适于甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导的最佳培养基为Ms+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L KT+2%麦芽糖,能有效地提高出胚率并促进植株冉牛;获得了6个基因型的子叶形胚和再生植株.     

油菜花药离体培养研究

以湘油１３号,湘油１４号,９４５９１,３７３和ＺＢ等５个油菜品种离体花药为材料,接种花粉处单核靠边期的花药,经过愈伤组织诱导、增殖和分化培养,成功地获得了９４５９１,湘油１４号和３７３等３个品种花粉愈伤组织再生植株,分化率分别为１６．７％,１２．５％和７．９％,在湘油１３号获得了花粉愈伤组织,但没有获得了不定芽分化,不同基因型油菜花药愈伤组织诱导率有明显差异。诱导率由高到低依次为：湘油１４号（４６     

叶用芥菜小孢子培养技术体系的完善及DH系创制

以3个优良的地方品种(杂合体)为试材进行游离小孢子培养,对胚诱导、植株再生、倍性分析和单倍体加倍技术进行研究,完善叶用芥菜小孢子培养技术体系,创制优良DH系应用于育种实践中。在小孢子培养中,选取花蕾是小孢子培养成功的关键,花瓣长/花药长为3/4,花药为黄绿色可作为叶用芥菜小孢子培养选取花蕾的形态指标;供试3个品种都获得胚状体,但品种间出胚差异较大,MR-1共45个胚/皿,MR-2共198个胚/皿,MR-3共4个胚/皿;子叶形胚接种于再生培养基上成株率达98%,获得128株再生植株,利用流式细胞仪鉴定出105株双单倍体,自然加倍率为82%,在组培苗期用0.1%的秋水仙素浸泡单倍体植株茎尖1h,加倍率为75%。从DH群体中筛选出4个优良DH系,通过品种比较试验鉴选出1个耐抽薹DH系,4月上旬开始抽薹开花,叶柄宽大肥厚,产量高,适合鲜食加工,可补充当地春淡市场。     

广西莲雾冬季防寒及寒后管理技术

莲雾属于热带水果,温度低于10℃,果实及叶片生长停止；低于8℃,叶片出现冻害现象,花蕾及果实出现消蕾、落果现象。结合生产实际,提出果园覆盖、适时适量修剪、科学的水肥管理、病虫害防治等防寒及寒后管理措施,为广西莲雾的优稀特色水果生产提供参考,以期促进广西莲雾产业的发展。     

小麦远缘杂交后代花药培养最佳条件的研究

对远缘杂交后代花药培养条件的比较研究发现w14培养基比C47培养基更适用于小麦与小黑麦杂交后代的花药培养。花药培养的出愈率、再生率和绿苗率均和材料的遗传基础有一定的关系。培养中预处理温度和时间、初培养温度条件、花药密度效应、壮苗培养以及安全越夏都是提高花药培养效率的必要条件。     

Optimal storage temperature and 1-MCP treatment combinations for different marketing times of Korla Xiang pears

Maintenance of green color is the primary indicator of quality in the market evaluation of Korla Xiang pears at present and can generally be achieved through early harvesting and decreasing the storage temperature, but the fruit quality was reduced by early harvesting, and the decreasing storage temperature increased the risk of chilling injury. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal storage parameters for different storage times and to find ways to preserve the green skin color of pears. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of the ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP), combined with low temperature on quality and maintenance of the green color of Korla Xiang pears during storage. We found that 1-MCP and/or low temperature reduced the loss of green color at 20°C after being removed from cold storage. In addition, 1-MCP significantly inhibited the decline of titratable acid and ascorbic acid but had no significant effect on fruit firmness and total soluble solids. Low temperature with or without 1-MCP inhibited the release of ethylene, inhibited the decline in the stalk preservation index, inhibited the increase in decay rate and weight loss rate during storage, and inhibited the increase in the core browning index after 225 days of storage. Different storage temperatures had different effects on the quality of Korla Xiang pears. Despite inhibiting ethylene release, a storage temperature of –1.5°C increased the respiration rate. Storage at –1.5°C caused core browning early during storage due to chilling injury, whereas at 2°C core browning occurred late during storage due to senescence. In late storage, 1-MCP had no significant effect on the maintenance of Korla Xiang pear quality at 2°C. Based on these results, we determined the optimal combinations of low temperature and 1-MCP treatment to maintain pear quality while avoiding chilling injury. For different marketing times, the optimal conditions for storage until New Year's Day(a storage duration of 90 days) are 2°C or 1-MCP combined with 2°C. For storage until the Spring Festival(a storage duration of 150 days), the optimal conditions are 0°C or 1-MCP combined with 0°C, and for storage until May(a storage duration of 225 days), the best conditions are 1-MCP combined with –1.5°C.     

6种枸杞植物花药培养单倍体的诱导

[目的]获得6种枸杞花粉植物。[方法]以6种枸杞花药为材料,在含不同激素的9种MS培养基上分别进行光照和黑暗离体培养。[结果]6种材料都诱导出了愈伤组织,最高愈伤组织诱导率可达20％,愈伤组织转入培养基（MS＋6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L）分化出大量绿色小芽,转入生根培养基（MS＋NAA0．1mg／L）中,20d后得到完整植株。[结论]材料不同,在同一培养基上的诱导率不同,在光照培养下愈伤组织诱导率比暗培养条件下的诱导率高。     

百日草小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性

[目的]为百日草花药培养接种材料的选择提供理论依据。[方法]以3个百日草杂交品种（F1）为供试材料,对花蕾进行形态观测和细胞学观察,研究小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性。[结果]百日草小孢子发育经过4个时期：四分体时期、单核期、双核期、三核期,各时期均具有明显的细胞学特征。百日草小孢子发育时期与花蕾外部形态、花药颜色等密切相关。[结论]根据百日草花器官的形态特征可推断其小孢子的发育时期,从而确定花药培养的最佳取材时间。