阿尔泰山林区森林可燃物类型分析

根据阿尔泰山林区林分状况,分析了该地区森林火灾发生的基本情况及特点。对阿尔泰山林区几种森林类型的燃烧性进行了分析,通过不同森林类型可燃物种类组成进行区划,这些林型为划分可燃物种类组成和火行为研究提供参考,有利于防止森林火灾的发生。     

完达山林区杨桦林的森林群落特征及经营措施

根据杨桦林生物群落的特性及不同的杨桦林群落类型,论述了不同类型杨桦林的经营和保护措施。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区森林经营类型划分的分析与探讨

根据内蒙古大兴安岭林区以往进行森林经营的方式与特点,按照新时期我国对林业发展的政策与要求,文章针对我区森林生长的具体环境条件与特点,提出了适合于林区森林发展的森林经营类型,并进行了相应的划分。     

乳源县五指山林区的森林群落类型

乳源县五指山林区按垂直分布,其林木复合群落有4种类型:1.常绿阔叶林复合群落;2.常绿阔叶树种与落叶阔叶树种混交林木本群落;3.针阔叶混交林木本群落;4.常绿落叶阔叶矮林复合群落。本文对每种类型的海拔高度、林地土壤和主要树种等分别作了介绍。     

白龙江林区森林健康经营探讨

白龙江林区森林结构单一,人工同龄纯林面积大,且林龄较小,森林生态系统自我调节能力和其稳定性差,时有病虫害和火灾的发生,使有些森林失去了原有的生态功能,不符合我国生态文明建设的要求。对此分析了白龙江林区森林健康经营面临的问题,并提出对策建议。     

小陇山林区4种典型森林类型林分直径分布模型研究

林分直径结构反映了各径级木的株树分布,是预测标准木生长最为合适的变量,林分直径分布模型,则是经营模型中的核心模型。由于不同立地条件、森林类型等多种因素影响,其直径分布有较大的差异。本研究以小陇山林区4种主要林分类型的样地调查数据为基础,选择了6种直径分布函数模型,即负指数分布函数、限定线分布函数、倒J形对数分布函数、威布尔分布函数、幂指数分布函数、逻辑斯谛分布函数,对林分直径分布进行了模拟和检验。结果表明,在天然次生林和人工林中,逻辑斯谛分布函数模拟精度最高,其决定系数分别为栎类林0.985、栎类阔叶混交林0.904 9、人工落叶松林0.999 7,人工油松林中幂指数函数的模拟精度最高,决定系数为0.983,逻辑斯谛分布函数的决定系数为0.901 2,由于逻辑斯谛分布函数可以模拟不同的林分类型,其精度较高,对不同的林分和区域都有良好的适应性,为小陇山不同林分类型直径分布模型的首选模型,其次为威布尔分布函数和幂指数分布函数。而其它三种负指数分布函数、限定线分布函数、倒J形对数分布函数只适应于天然林,对人工林模拟精度不高。     

祖山林区不同高程森林类型的研究

通过在中央财政森林抚育补贴试点项目外业调查的基础上,对祖山林区不同高程的森林类型进行了划分。结果表明:祖山林区森林类型分为灌木林类型和乔木林类型,灌木林类型为8种,乔木林类型为9种。对不同高程的森林类型进行调查,可以为森林的可持续经营提供依据,也能为各地营、造林提供参考。     

勐腊林区农民参与森林管理探讨

勐腊县在1980－1985年实行农民参与式森林代管，代管期间，全县乱砍滥伐，毁林开荒面积由1978年的2973．3hm^2下降到1985年的271．3hm^2；森林火灾次数和受害面积降低，分别是实行代管前的11．9％和39．4％，农民的造林积极性提高，造林面积年平均为1110．7hm^2，是代管前的2．72倍，集体或农户造林面积占96．3％；妇女从事林业生产活动时间增加，由1980年每人的40天增加到1985年的100天，农户采集和销售的非木质林产品数量增加，1984年全县干竹笋采集量为86t，分别是1978年的3．55倍和1988年的1．72倍，全县收购的紫胶，竹笋，木耳和藤蔑分别是是代管前的1．86，2．67，2．21和2．85倍；销售森林产品和代管森林所获得的收入由1980年的110元增加到1985年的320元，提高291％，说明农民参与森林管理有利于森林资源的保护和农村经济的发展，以此以勐腊县森林管理实行农民代管的原因，方法 及存在问题进行了总结。     

大兴安岭林区森林采伐方式的探讨

根据大兴安岭东部林区森林资源现状及存在的问题,结合森林分类经营区划和林业发展区划,本文提出了该林区在森林资源调整恢复阶段,应以抚育采伐为主,实现优化森林资源结构的目的。     

Composition and ecological distribution of forest soil animal in Confucian graveyard of Qufu

Soil animal communities of Secondary forest,Platycladus forest andQuercus acutissima forest in Confucian graveyard of Qufu were investigated. 3583 specimens were collected, belonging separately to 5 Phylums, 11 Classes and 23 Orders. Two dominant groups and 9 common groups account for 94.45% of the total numbers. The soil animals in these three forest habitats differ in composition, ecological distribution and important indices. The dominant groups of soil animals in the three forests were the same, but other groups differ more greatly. Diversity index (H′) and evenness index (E) of soil animal in Secondary forest are the highest, and yet dominance index (C) inQuercus acutissima forest is the highest. Most soil animals in each forest habitats congregate to the surface soil layer. Their sorts and individual numbers are all layer I>II>III. It is very similar for composition of soil animals in the three forests. Responsible editor: Chai Ruhai     

Discussions on forest recovery in the burned area in Daxing’anling forest region

The disastrous fire occurred in northern area of Daxing’anling forest region on May 6, 1987, destroyed a large area of forests. The broad-leaved tree species, such as poplar, birch had regenerated in a great quantity after the fire, but the coniferous species such as larch and scotch pine had difficult to regenerate naturally, This paper put forward that the coniferous forest could be recovered by the planting method of effect strip and effect islet based on the principle of borderline effects and by making full use of the condition of broad-leaved trees.     

Effects of diversity of tree species and size on forest basal area growth,recruitment, and mortality

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship, or lack thereof, between growth and diversity of tree species and size in conifer stands of western North America. Growth was measured by net basal area growth and its components: survivor growth, recruitment, and mortality. The analysis used inventory data from permanent plots in the Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest type in Oregon and Washington, and in the mixed-conifer forest type in California. The methods consisted of generalized least square regression with spatial autocorrelation, controlling for the effect of other stand characteristics. Other things being equal, in the two forest types under study there was a strong positive relationship between net basal area growth and tree-species diversity. This effect was associated with higher recruitment in stands of higher tree-species diversity. Neither mortality nor growth of survivors was related to tree-species diversity. The relationship between growth and tree-size diversity was less clear. For Douglas-fir/western hemlock, net basal area growth was negatively correlated with tree-size diversity, essentially because recruitment was lower on plots of high tree-size diversity. For mixed conifers, net basal area growth tended also to be lower in plots of high tree-size diversity, but this was mostly because mortality was higher in plots of higher tree-size diversity.     

岷江上游人工油松林群落空间结构:物种丰富度和盖度

在岷江上游油松人工林中调查了1hm^2群落空间垂直结构上的乔木、灌木和草本层的盖度和物种丰富度，以及2个100m长样带上的林窗斑块和油松斑块(冠幅相互连接的油松个体被合并为同一斑块)内部的群落水平结构变化。结果发现：群落的垂直空间结构上，乔木层(油松)盖度与灌木层盖度、林下总盖度(灌木和草本层的盖度和)，以及林下物种丰富度(物种数量)成显著负相关，灌木层盖度与草本层成显著负相关。林下物种丰富度与总盖度呈显著正相关，但在灌木层和草本层内部，物种丰富度与盖度间没有显著相关性。水平空间结构上，随油松斑块增大，斑块内灌木层盖度下降，草本层盖度上升；物种丰富度约在油松斑块直径为12～15m时达到最大。在林窗内部，物种丰富度和灌木层盖度在林窗边缘高于林窗中央，而草本层盖度在林窗边缘较高。考虑到不同斑块大小支持不同物种的生存，岷江上游油松人工林应建立由不同大小的斑块(林窗和油松斑块)组成的镶嵌式群落.     

黑龙江省东部山区森林植物多样性与环境梯度的相关性研究

为了探讨森林植物多样性与环境梯度的相关关系,本研究在黑龙江省帽儿山国家森林公园调查了23块不同结构的森林群落,每个群落布设的样方面积为400m2。森林植物多样性的计算采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,环境梯度的量化采用Whittaker的集合环境梯度计算方法,同时,采用相似性测度方法计算了Beta多样性指数。结果表明:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随环境梯度的增大而增大,并且β多样性指数与环境梯度呈线性增加的趋势。图2表3参12。     

Strategies on natural forest protection of collective forest area in minority nationality community in China

In the recent 20 years, it is a trend that forest will be distributed to villagers to manage in the world. Also in China, “forestry three determinations” has been carried out since 1980, and many new forestry devolutions have been put forward to and come into being. To face the fact of overusing up natural forest to result in the deterioration of ecology environment, the strategy of natural forest protection project (NFPP) is raised after the heavy flood in 1998. Now, it is paid close attention to systematically study to carry out the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area, especially in the community of minority nationalities. Based on the case of forest resource management in Datu Miao Village, the experience of its forest management in the past is analyzed and the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area are put forward. Foundation item: This project is a part of research project “forest devolution management of IFAD/CIFOR” Biography: L{upuo} Ming-can (1961-), maie, associate professor, vice director of post-graduate school of Southwest Forestry College, Kunming 650224, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Stand development patterns of forest cover types in the natural forests of northern Baekdudaegan in South Korea

The purpose of this study was to classify current forest cover types,and to investigate stand development patterns for natural forests in six areas in northern Baekdudaegan,South Korea.Twenty-eight independent forest communities were aggregated into eight forest cover types by species composition in the overstory of each forest community.The forest cover types were of mixed mesophytic,‘‘others’ ’ deciduous,Quercus mongolica dominant,Q.mongolica pure,Pinus densiflora–Q.mongolica,P.densiflora,Betula ermanii,and Q.mongolica–P.koraiensis.The ecological information was organized by importance value and species diversity for each forest type.Based on the correlation between species diversity index and the abundance of Q.mongolica plus P.densiflora for corresponding forest cover types,we compared the developmental process and approximate successional pathway between each cover type.The P.densiflora forest cover type changes into the P.densiflora–Q.mongolica cover type,followed by the Q.mongolica dominant cover type through continuous invasion of the oak trees.Furthermore,the Q.mongolica pure cover type would spread toward the Q.mongolica dominant cover type with a mixture of various deciduous tree species.The Q.mongolica dominant cover type progresses through the other deciduous cover types to the mixed mesophytic cover type with diversified composition and structure.On the mid to lower slopes,with loamy soils and good moisture conditions,various deciduous forest types should progress,by ecological succession,toward the mixed mesophytic cover type without any further disturbance.     

THE ECO-GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST INSECTS IN CHINA

The eco—geographical division of forest insects in China is generally divided into 4 1evels:region,subregion,area and province The region is formed by iso1ation of ocean,high mountain and desert etc.The division of subregion is on the basis of resistance of extreme tem-perature humidity in winter.The division of area or province is on the basis of landform,type of vegelation in forest zone and temperature zone.     

掌上电脑PDA在森林资源二类调查中的应用

根据PDA的综合性能,对其在森林资源二类调查中的具体运用进行了探讨。     

Evaluation of the forest ecosystem health in Beijing area

The evaluation of ecosystem health has become one of the main research topics of ecosystem science, thus more and more assessment methods and frameworks have been put forward in recent years. However, the attention people pay to ecosystem health is actually more about what the social functions the ecosystem affords, which depend on the integrity and maintenance of the ecosystem structure and function, and the intensity of disturbance from outside. Accordingly, this research commenced from three main aspects, selected the evaluation indices, and then established the Evaluation Index System of Beijing Forest Ecosystem Health (EIS-BFEH). In the EIS-BFEH, each of the three foundations contained an easily-operated and standard sub-index system, which compounded the specific natural and social conditions of Beijing and was concrete enough to measure and evaluate. Then with the method of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the comprehensive index (CI) could be obtained, which represented the health of the forest ecosystem. As a case study, the forest ecosystems in the Badaling area were sampled, evaluated, compared and ranked by use of the EIS-BFEH. The result show that the health of natural forests is much better than that of plantations in the Badaling forest center: the average comprehensive index of the former is 7.9, while the latter is only 6.6. From the results, it could also be found that there are nine units in the healthy state, two units in the subhealthy state, and only one unit of Robinia pseudoacacia in the morbid state.