Multiplex DNA sequencing

The increasing demand for DNA sequences can be met by replacement of each DNA sample in a device with a mixture of N samples so that the normal throughput is increased by a factor of N. Such a method is described. In order to separate the sequence information at the end of the processing, the DNA molecules of interest are ligated to a set of oligonucleotide "tags" at the beginning. The tagged DNA molecules are pooled, amplified, and chemically fragmented in 96-well plates. The resulting reaction products are fractionated by size on sequencing gels and transferred to nylon membranes. These membranes are then probed as many times as there are types of tags in the original pools, producing, in each cycle of probing, autoradiographs similar to those from standard DNA sequencing methods. Thus, each reaction and gel yields a quantity of data equivalent to that obtained from conventional reactions and gels multiplied by the number of probes used. To date, even after 50 successive probings, the original signal strength and the image quality are retained, an indication that the upper limit for the number of reprobings may be considerably higher.     

宏基因组学的研究进展

宏基因组学尝试通过免培方法获得微生物的纯培养,主要技术包括DNA的提取、文库的构建和目标基因克隆的筛选,可用于发现新基因、开发新的生物活性物质、研究群落中微生物多样性等方面。笔者对宏基因组学技术的方法和应用作了简要综述。     

利用DNA测序图筛查插入/缺失突变

DNA测序技术是现代生物学研究的重要手段之一,虽然第2代高通量测序技术已经广泛应用,但是常规测序技术如Sanger双脱氧终止测序技术仍然不可替代.以20个食蟹猴基因组为模板,利用聚合酶链式反应扩增目的片段,PCR产物纯化后测序,对PCR产物测序信号弱或无信号、含poly结构、碱基缺失/插入等情况的峰图进行分析,提出基于PCR产物测序筛查插入/缺失突变的方法,以提高测序结果判定的有效性和准确性.     

Single-molecule DNA sequencing of a viral genome

The full promise of human genomics will be realized only when the genomes of thousands of individuals can be sequenced for comparative analysis. A reference sequence enables the use of short read length. We report an amplification-free method for determining the nucleotide sequence of more than 280,000 individual DNA molecules simultaneously. A DNA polymerase adds labeled nucleotides to surface-immobilized primer-template duplexes in stepwise fashion, and the asynchronous growth of individual DNA molecules was monitored by fluorescence imaging. Read lengths of >25 bases and equivalent phred software program quality scores approaching 30 were achieved. We used this method to sequence the M13 virus to an average depth of >150x and with 100% coverage; thus, we resequenced the M13 genome with high-sensitivity mutation detection. This demonstrates a strategy for high-throughput low-cost resequencing.     

Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project

Automated partial DNA sequencing was conducted on more than 600 randomly selected human brain complementary DNA (cDNA) clones to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs). ESTs have applications in the discovery of new human genes, mapping of the human genome, and identification of coding regions in genomic sequences. Of the sequences generated, 337 represent new genes, including 48 with significant similarity to genes from other organisms, such as a yeast RNA polymerase II subunit; Drosophila kinesin, Notch, and Enhancer of split; and a murine tyrosine kinase receptor. Forty-six ESTs were mapped to chromosomes after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. This fast approach to cDNA characterization will facilitate the tagging of most human genes in a few years at a fraction of the cost of complete genomic sequencing, provide new genetic markers, and serve as a resource in diverse biological research fields.     

ABI313Oxl全自动测序仪规模化测序的影响因素研究

[目的]提高利用ABI3130xl全自动测序仪对小麦与条锈菌互作的cDNA文库进行大规模测序的成功率,降低成本.[方法]将BigDye(BigDye(R) Tem1nator V3.1 Cycle Sequencing RR-100)分别稀释16,24和32倍设计测序的PCR反应体系,分析了EDTA溶液(125 mmol/L,pH 7.0)和醋酸钠溶液(3 mol/L,pH 5.2)以及不同模板类型等相关因素对测序结果的影响.[结果]BigDye稀释16倍的PCR反应体系的测序结果易出现染料峰,影响碱基正确读值;稀释32倍体系的测序结果中可用序列短,成功率低;稀释24倍体系测序结果的可用序列长且准确率高,为最佳反应体系.EDTA溶液和醋酸钠溶液可提高DNA纯化的质量,改善测序效果.以质粒DNA为模板测序较PCR产物直接测序效果好,通过控制模板质量可以提高测序成功率.[结论]利用优化体系共测得15 000条ESTs序列,其中有高读长序列13 080条,占87.2%,表明该优化体系简单有效,且可有效节约成本.     

Magnetostratigraphy of sediments in mammoth cave, kentucky

Clastic sediment deposits found within the caves of Mammoth Cave National Park have yielded a magnetostratigraphic pattern of magnetic polarity reversals which indicates-that they were deposited over a range of at least 1 million and most likely 2 million years.     

基因诊断中DNA序列的快速检测法

目的：探讨一种DNA测序方法在临床中的应用。方法：用纯化试剂盒对PCR产物进行纯化．然后用310自动测序仪测定DNA序列。结果：准确测定了一长度为106bp的DNA序列。结论：本方法不但有快速、简便和准确的特点，尤其还对短片段的DNA更显优势．很适合于临床基因诊断中的测序。     

ABI3130xl全自动测序仪规模化测序的影响因素研究

【目的】提高利用ABI3130xl全自动测序仪对小麦与条锈菌互作的cDNA文库进行大规模测序的成功率,降低成本。【方法】将BigDye(BigDye(Teminator V3.1 Cycle Sequencing RR-100)分别稀释16,24和32倍设计测序的PCR反应体系,分析了EDTA溶液(125 mmol/L,pH 7.0)和醋酸钠溶液(3 mol/L,pH 5.2)以及不同模板类型等相关因素对测序结果的影响。【结果】BigDye稀释16倍的PCR反应体系的测序结果易出现染料峰,影响碱基正确读值;稀释32倍体系的测序结果中可用序列短,成功率低;稀释24倍体系测序结果的可用序列长且准确率高,为最佳反应体系。EDTA溶液和醋酸钠溶液可提高DNA纯化的质量,改善测序效果。以质粒DNA为模板测序较PCR产物直接测序效果好,通过控制模板质量可以提高测序成功率。【结论】利用优化体系共测得15 000条ESTs序列,其中有高读长序列13 080条,占87.2%,表明该优化体系简单有效,且可有效节约成本。