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1.
The bioactive metabolites of someAllium plants, all exhibiting interesting pharmacological activities, were tested for their attractive/repellent activity against saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and rust-red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), insects infesting the stored-products. The data obtained showed significant repellent effect of the thiosulfinates againstS. oryzae. 相似文献
2.
A. ?. Tun?bilek 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1995,68(2):37-38
The effect of gramma radiation on the rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.) was studied. Adults were subjected to 12 doses ranging from 0 to 180 Gy of gamma radiation from a60Co source. The time to onset of death and the duration of the period of mortality were investigated. Survival of the adults was decreased with increase of the doses. LD50 and LD99,9 values were calculated.With one figure and one table 相似文献
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4.
Diatomaceous earth has been demonstrated in Australia, Germany, and the USA to protect stored products from infestation by insect pests. However, application of diatomaceous earth has rarely been used in Asian countries for the protection of stored grain from insect damage. These facts and the paucity of existing data from the tropics prompted the present study of storage with diatomaceous earth. We exposed rice treated with the diatomaceous earth product Fossil Shield® to infestation by Tribolium castaneum Herbst. During the dry season, when tests were conducted, the mean temperature was 29±2°C and relative humidity was 80±3%. The population of T. castaneum in rice was significantly reduced after treatment with Fossil Shield®. Diatomaceous earth at 1g and 2g per kilogram rice reduced population growth of T. castaneum to a coefficient of 0.27, and 0.02 respectively after 42 days. Fossil Shield® at 0.5g per kilogram rice increased the mortality of T. castaneum, but did not stop population growth. 相似文献
5.
Merc Balcells Ramon Canela Josep Coll Vicent Sanchís Merc Torres 《Pest management science》1995,45(4):319-323
Two fungal metabolites, aspyrone (3-(1,2-epoxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one) and asperlactone (3-(1,2-epoxypropyl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5-furan-2-one) were isolated from an Aspergillus ochraceus Wilhelm strain showing IGR activity against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Synthetic derivatives of aspyrone were produced using published methods. These derivatives together with aspyrone and asperlactone were tested for insect growth-regulating activity against T. castaneum, and for ovicidal activity against Nezara viridula L. Of the compounds tested asperlactone appeared to be the most active. 相似文献
6.
G. Georgiev 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,77(3):155-158
The parasitoids of Saperda populnea (L.) (Col.: Cerambycidae) were studied in Bulgaria during the period 1997–2001. Galls with pest larvae were collected from young aspen trees at eight locations (Sofia, Kokaliane, Plana, Churek, Gorni Lom, Gintzi, Dolno Kamartzi and Klisura) and examined under laboratory conditions. Four species were reared from 1118 galls containing overwintering pest larvae: Iphiaulax impostor (Scop.) (Hym.: Braconidae), Dolichomitus populneus (Ratz.), Schreineria populnea (Gir.) (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) and Billaea irrorata (Meig.) (Dipt.: Tachinidae). All of the parasitoids were solitary. Schreineria populnea was found as a new parasitoid of the host in Bulgaria. B. irrorata emerged mainly from late-stage S. populnea larvae; the remaining species from both early- and mid-stage larvae. In the parasitoid complex of S. populnea, the most numerous were B. irrorata (59.8%) and D. populneus (29.4%). The percentage of host larval parasitism varied from 2.4 to 33.3, with an average of 9.7%. B. irrorata was the most important in reducing the pest number. The average mortality of S. populnea caused by the tachinid was 5.8%, and the highest mortality observed in individual study was 20.2%. 相似文献
7.
G. Georgiev 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,74(6):155-158
The parasitoids of Saperda populnea (L.) (Col.: Cerambycidae) were studied in Bulgaria during the period 1997–2001. Galls with pest larvae were collected from young aspen trees at eight locations (Sofia, Kokaliane, Plana, Churek, Gorni Lom, Gintzi, Dolno Kamartzi and Klisura) and examined under laboratory conditions. Four species were reared from 1118 galls containing overwintering pest larvae: Iphiaulax impostor (Scop.) (Hym.: Braconidae), Dolichomitus populneus (Ratz.), Schreineria populnea (Gir.) (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) and Billaea irrorata (Meig.) (Dipt.: Tachinidae). All of the parasitoids were solitary. Schreineria populnea was found as a new parasitoid of the host in Bulgaria. B. irrorata emerged mainly from late-stage S. populnea larvae; the remaining species from both early- and mid-stage larvae. In the parasitoid complex of S. populnea, the most numerous were B. irrorata (59.8%) and D. populneus (29.4%). The percentage of host larval parasitism varied from 2.4 to 33.3, with an average of 9.7%. B. irrorata was the most important in reducing the pest number. The average mortality of S. populnea caused by the tachinid was 5.8%, and the highest mortality observed in individual study was 20.2%. 相似文献
8.
白花丹根提取物的杀螨活性 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
研究了白花丹Plumbago zeylanica L. 根提取物对柑桔全爪螨的杀螨活性,发现其具有优良的杀螨、杀卵和产卵抑制活性.白花丹根先经甲醇冷浸提取,然后用石油醚萃取甲醇提取物,所得石油醚萃取物的12、24h杀螨致死中浓度(LC50)分别为2.52、2.12mg/ml, 产卵抑制中浓度(ODC50)分别为1.39、1.52mg/ml,杀卵LC50为1.04mg/ml.石油醚萃取物经硅胶柱层析后,以PE5-9馏份的活性最高,1mg/ml浓度下,杀螨率和杀卵率与白花丹素(plumbagin)标样在P=0.05水平均无显著差异.PE5-9馏份 12、24h的杀成螨LC50分别为0.71、0.67mg/ml,杀卵LC50为0.66mg/ml.不同溶剂展开系统薄层层析和GC-MS结果表明,该植物中的杀螨活性主要成分为白花丹素. 相似文献
9.
为有效控制小菜蛾的危害,明确绿薄荷对小菜蛾的防治效果,采用95%乙醇对绿薄荷茎和叶进行索式抽提,并测定了茎和叶提取物12.5、25.0和50.0 mg/mL浓度下小菜蛾幼虫的拒食率和成虫产卵忌避活性。结果显示,绿薄荷茎和叶的乙醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫的拒食和成虫的产卵忌避均有显著作用,提取物浓度越高,拒食率和产卵忌避率越大。当茎和叶提取物浓度为12.5 mg/mL时,小菜蛾的拒食率最低,分别为36.16%和59.81%,产卵忌避率最低,分别为46.18%和57.78%;茎和叶提取物浓度为50.0 mg/mL时,拒食率最高,分别为82.67%和87.15%,产卵忌避率最高,分别为88.29%和98.27%。茎和叶对应的拒食中浓度(AFC_(50))最高分别为18.93 mg/mL和15.97 mg/mL,产卵忌避中浓度(AOC_(50))最高分别为16.38 mg/mL和15.03 mg/mL。 相似文献
10.
以超强抗寒性冬油菜品种陇油6号、陇油7号和弱抗寒性品种天油2号、天油4号为材料,研究了低温(-5℃)胁迫下几种抗寒复合剂对白菜型冬油菜叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量及越冬率、农艺性状、生育期、经济系数、产量变化的影响。试验设6种处理:T1,蒸馏水(CK);T2,20 mg·L~(-1)ABA;T3,20 mg·L~(-1)ABA+300 mg·L~(-1)PEG-6000;T4,20 mg·L~(-1)ABA+50 mg·L~(-1)PP333;T5,20 mg·L~(-1)ABA+300 mg·L~(-1)PEG-6000+50 mg·L~(-1)PP333;T6,20 mg·L~(-1)ABA+300 mg·L~(-1)PEG-6000+50 mg·L~(-1)PP333+10 g·L-1尿素。结果表明,喷施抗寒复合剂能显著提高白菜型冬油菜的越冬率,其中T5处理越冬率达到91.97%,较CK增加18.87%;抗寒复合剂处理,参试材料叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量在各个处理下较CK平均降低25.43%和25.36%,并且使根颈直径、全株有效结角数、单株产量、经济系数、产量显著增加,生育期延长。通过隶属函数法和主成分打分,不同抗寒复合剂的抗寒效果为T5T6T4T3T2CK。 相似文献
11.
The effects of temperature, yeast and polishing (removal of bran) on the development ofTribolium castaneurn (Herbst) in flour derived from millet, sorghum, maize and wheat were investigated for one generation in Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Significantly moreT. castaneurn adults and larvae developed in flour stored at 35 °C than in flour stored at 30 °C or 40 °C; mortality of adult beetles in
flour stored at 40 °C was 95 % in sorghum and maize and 100 % in millet and wheat. Addition of three levels (2.5, 5.0 and
10.0 %, w/w) of yeast to cereal flour, on average, significantly increased the population of adult and larval progenies relative
to the population in yeast-free flour. Considerably higher number of adult beetles developed in wholemeal than in polished
flour derived from millet. 相似文献
12.
The effects of temperature, yeast and polishing (removal of bran) on the development ofTribolium castaneurn (Herbst) in flour derived from millet, sorghum, maize and wheat were investigated for one generation in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Significantly moreT. castaneurn adults and larvae developed in flour stored at 35 °C than in flour stored at 30 °C or 40 °C; mortality of adult beetles in flour stored at 40 °C was 95 % in sorghum and maize and 100 % in millet and wheat. Addition of three levels (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 %, w/w) of yeast to cereal flour, on average, significantly increased the population of adult and larval progenies relative to the population in yeast-free flour. Considerably higher number of adult beetles developed in wholemeal than in polished flour derived from millet. 相似文献
13.
P. S. Nielsen 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,74(3):85-88
The efficacy of an atmosphere with a high content of carbon dioxide under a pressure of 5 and 10 bar against young eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) and adults of Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Col.: Anobiidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Col.: Cucujidae) was investigated. At a pressure level of 10 bar, a 100% mortality in eggs of E. kuehniella was obtained after 4 hours. Complete control was not obtained with the adult beetles, except for a 2 hour-treatment at 10 bar with individuals of S. paniceum, which not were offered protection. It is demonstrated that when working with an atmosphere of carbon dioxide under pressure of 10 bar for 2 hours, even a slight protection from food material will influence the mortality. The reason for these findings are discussed. 相似文献
14.
P. S. Nielsen 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,82(1):85-88
The efficacy of an atmosphere with a high content of carbon dioxide under a pressure of 5 and 10 bar against young eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) and adults of Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Col.: Anobiidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Col.: Cucujidae) was investigated. At a pressure level of 10 bar, a 100% mortality in eggs of E. kuehniella was obtained after 4 hours. Complete control was not obtained with the adult beetles, except for a 2 hour-treatment at 10 bar with individuals of S. paniceum, which not were offered protection. It is demonstrated that when working with an atmosphere of carbon dioxide under pressure of 10 bar for 2 hours, even a slight protection from food material will influence the mortality. The reason for these findings are discussed. 相似文献
15.
A.G. Bidez P. Gmez J.A. Del Río A. Ortuo 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2006,69(4-6):224-229
The phenolic composition of olive roots and stems was studied by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The in vivo levels of the principal phenolic compounds found in olive plants infected by Phytophthora megasperma Drechsler and Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssm.) Scholten differed from the levels observed in non-infected plants. When the antifungal activity of these compounds against both fungi was studied in vitro, the most active were quercetin and luteolin aglycons, followed by rutin, oleuropein, p-coumaric acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, tyrosol and catechin. Microscopic study showed that these phenolic compounds affected the growth, morphology and ultrastructure of the fungi. Taken together, these findings suggest that the phenolic compounds present in olive plants play an active role in the protection against pathogen attack. 相似文献
16.
In the trapping ofTribolium castaneum (Herbst), the activity of traps baited or not baited with aggregation pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal is influenced by the presence in the traps of accumulate specimens trapped. This fact has been observed both in trap containing alive or dead specimens. Interactions in the different substances produced by adults of Red Flour Beetle during their communication relationship are involved in this behaviour.The results obtained in the trials suggests that the presence of alive insects in traps is attractive for other free specimens, but under conditions of overcrowding quinone produced by them regulate population density by counteracting the effect of the aggregation pheromone, causing the insects to disperse or suppressing aggregation behaviour. 相似文献
17.
干旱胁迫对沙芥幼苗根系形态及抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以一年生沙芥幼苗根系为材料,采用盆栽试验,测定不同干旱处理下幼苗根系形态特性、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化系统等生理指标。结果表明,干旱胁迫下沙芥幼苗根系主根长、主根体积和根冠比随着胁迫天数的延长不断增加,重度胁迫时分别上升154.39%、90.69%和189.59%。幼苗根系活力在重度胁迫时下降51.22%,根系可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量在轻度和中度胁迫时上升,而重度胁迫时分别下降了1.65%、4.13%和11.84%。根系中的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸活性随着胁迫程度加剧不断上升,过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)先上升后下降。丙二醛(MDA)含量和根系质膜透性随着胁迫程度增加逐渐上升到255.74%和122.78%,复水3 d后轻度和中度胁迫下根系中的抗氧化保护系统和渗透调节物质均可恢复到对照水平,重度胁迫复水3 d后只能恢复到轻度胁迫水平,说明沙芥幼苗根系受到了一定程度的伤害。 相似文献
18.
The effect of amended soil with rabbit, camel, poultry, quail, pigeon, horse, buffalo and duck manures to manage the rice root nematode, Hirschmanniella oryzae on Giza 171 rice plants, and effects of the first five manures in management of the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis on Balady eggplants was studied under greenhouse conditions. All treatments significantly (p<-0.01) reduced final populations, rate of build-up and reproduction of both nematodes than in unamended soil. The reduction in such parameters greatly varied according to the type of the tested organic manure and the host plant. Generally, pigeon manure was highly effective against R. reniformis on eggplant followed by quail, poultry and rabbit manures, while camel treatment occupied the least potent manure. Consequently a corresponding statistical increase in eggplant growth resulted. As for managing H. oryzae on rice plants, buffalo dung was very potent inhibitor to its build-up followed by camel, horse, poultry, duck, quail, rabbit and pigeon manures. Percentages increase in the rice growth showed more values when applying duck and pigeon manures followed by quail, rabbit and buffalo. Horse dung improved, to some extent, the growth of rice plants although, none of the other organic manures succeeded in improving the rice plant growth. An explanation has been submitted to discuss the role of both pigeon droppings and buffalo dung on both R. reniformis on eggplant and H. oryzae on rice. This type of control of phytonematodes was considered economical, easy and pollution free. 相似文献
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20.
A. S. Abdel-Razek 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2003,79(1):108-111
The relationship between Xenorhabdus nematophilus and Photorhabdus luminescens, the bacterial symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, against the diamondback moth, P. xylostella (L.), pupae showed the pathogenic capability of P. luminescens to be over that of X. nematophilus. They gave 60 and 40% mortality with LC50 values of 5×104 and 5.5×105 cells/ml, respectively.The number of bacterial cells influences the rate of killing the pupae of P. xylostella and a direct correlation between mortality of the pupae, percentage of deformed adults and the spraying dose with significant differences were observed. An inverse correlation found between the no. of eggs laid/female, percentage of hatching, adult survival and the spraying dose. These bacterial effects have been attributed to different toxic bacterial enzymes which damage the haemocytes and inhibit activation of the humoral immune system of the insect. 相似文献