北京鸭胰液引流的改良胰-肠瘘法

北京鸭第一胰管由背侧胰叶尾端发出,开口于十二指肠升袢、降袢折转处附近的肠腔[ 1].此处的肠管游离性大,便于制作肠-胰瘘管.北京鸭第一胰管的发现和肠-胰瘘法的建立使长期、安全、连续地收集较纯净的鸭胰液得以实现.如何快捷、可靠地批量制作胰 -肠瘘模型是鸭胰液分泌相关研究的关键环节之一.在样本量较大的试验中,这个问题尤为突出.王贤等通过胰-肠瘘法首次获得了关于北京鸭胰液分泌特点的资料[2],其手术方法比较传统,有一定的代表性.     

北京鸭胰液引流的肠－胰瘘法

北京鸭胰液引流的肠－胰瘘法＊王贤刘茗刘敏雄刘济五（中国农业大学，北京１０００９４）检索近４０年来的国内外文献表明，除了国内８０年代初期，仅有１篇北京鸭胰腺组织匀浆成分中糖消化酶的报道外，有关北京鸭胰腺外分泌功能特点的研究，至今尚无可查阅的资料。究其原...     

肠-胰瘘管收集鸭胰液方法研究

为得到纯净胰液,以北京鸭为实验动物,用手术方法做肠-胰瘘管,手术完成40例.其中36只鸭在70天的试验期内健康存活,并可用于定期收集胰液,为相关试验提供了可行的方法.     

北京雏鸭小肠消化酶活性变化规律研究

北京鸭成熟早,生长发育快,育肥性能好,肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,是我国著名的肉用鸭品种.近年来,关于通过添加外源性消化酶以弥补家禽体内消化酶的不足、降低肠道食糜黏度,从而提高饲料利用率、增强机体代谢水平和免疫力以促进动物生长方面的研究较多[1],但对北京雏鸭内源酶的变化规律未见报道.     

山楂、党参对鸭胰腺外分泌的影响

以北京鸭为试验动物,以手术的方法做胰-肠瘘管接取胰液。在生理条件下,分别测定北京鸭胰液总量、pH值、HCO-3、蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性等指标的昼夜变化规律。并观测了中药山楂(FructusCrataegi)、党参(RadixCodonopsispicosulae)在生理和阿托品阻断M受体的条件下对鸭胰液分泌的影响。结果表明:(1)在生理条件下,胰液7个指标的昼夜分泌规律各异。(2)在生理条件下,山楂可显著增加胰液分泌总量(P<0.05),并极显著地提高淀粉酶活性(P<0.01)。党参极显著地升高胰液的蛋白含量(P<0.01),显著地提高淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。提示山楂、党参的健脾消食作用是通过促进胰液外分泌来实现的。(3)用阿托品阻断M受体后,再用山楂,可显著增加胰液总量、蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性(P<0.05);用党参可显著升高胰液蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性,抑制脂肪酶、蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。说明山楂、党参均可拮抗阿托品对胰液分泌的抑制作用。     

胰腺外分泌的功能及影响因素

胰腺外分泌部分占腺体的绝大部分,外分泌部分所分泌的胰液中含大量的消化酶,分别消化食物中的各种营养成分。胰液对食物的消化和吸收起着十分重要的作用。胰液分泌紊乱会导致动物消化和吸收异常,影响动物生长发育,给生产带来很大的损失。     

动物小肠内胰液的消化作用

1胰液的性质、成分和作用 胰液是无色、无臭的碱性液体，pH值为7.2-8.4。家畜的胰液是连续分泌，马一昼夜的分泌量约为7升，牛为6-7升，猪约7-10升、狗约200-300毫升。胰液除水和电解质外，还含有有机物。电解质主要是高浓度的碳酸氢盐和氯化物，是由胰腺内的小导管细胞所分泌。胰液中的有机物主要是蛋白质，他主要由胰腺腺泡细胞分泌的多种消化酶组成。     

猪胰酶制备工艺研究

胰酶(pancratin)是由胰腺外分泌细胞分泌,是胰液的主要消化酶,外观为白色或微黄的粉末,由动物的胰脏分泌,经胆管进入小肠,将食靡消化成容易被小肠吸收的营养物质。胰酶在食品、制药、皮革、纺织、化妆品、畜牧、医疗及生物试验中都有广泛的应用。此次试验以猪胰脏为原料,在传统的制备工艺的     

禽胰液分泌的调节

综述近年来对家禽胰液分泌的研究进展.胰液含有多种消化酶,在家禽对饲料的消化中起重要作用,是研究动物消化代谢的主题之一.     

禽胰液分泌的调节

综述近年来对家禽胰液分泌的研究进展,胰液含有多种消化酶,在家禽对饲料的消化中起重要作用,是研究动物消化代谢的主题之一。     

Ileal exposure to pig pancreatic juice and bile inhibit exocrine pancreatic secretion in pigs

The mechanisms involved in the down regulation of the exocrine pancreas are still not fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of duodenal and ileal exposure to pancreatic enzymes and bile on pancreatic secretion. Experiments were performed with pigs fitted with pancreatic duct, ileal and jugular vein catheters, and duodenal T-shaped cannula. A negative feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion was found for both duodenal and ileal delivery of pancreatic juice. Pancreatic secretion was unaffected by duodenal delivery of bile and bile salts, while ileal delivery of bile and bile salts lowered it. On the other hand, pancreatic secretion was increased by duodenal loading of commercial non- or activated pancreatic enzyme preparations, thus probably recognised as dietary protein. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) level was lowered only by duodenal delivery of pancreatic juice. In conclusion, the results prove the existence of negative feedback mechanism regulating pancreatic secretion dependent on the presence of pure pancreatic juice or bile at the ileal level. The mechanism at the duodenal level is exclusively sensitive to pure pancreatic juice.     

Attempt to establish a chronic model to study the influence of bile and pancreatic juice diversion on pancreas feedback regulation in conscious pigs

The diversion of pancreatic juice and bile stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion but the mechanism behind this process is still not clear. The present study investigates the influence of long lasting (10 h) bile diversion or pancreatic juice and bile diversion on the pancreatic secretion in conscious pigs. The experiments were performed on 4 weaned piglets, which had a catheter inserted to the accessory pancreatic duct and bile duct and two cannulas to the duodenum. The depletion of bile alone or both bile and pancreatic juice (PJ) resulted in an increased preprandial pancreatic juice outflow, as compared to controls. Bile diversion increased the pancreatic response to feeding. PJ volume, protein outflow, and trypsin activity values were significantly higher in bile diverted pigs than in control pigs during the prandial and postprandial periods. While in pancreatic juice and bile diverted piglets the PJ protein outflow and trypsin activity slightly increased in response to feeding, their values were lower than those of the control piglets. In conclusion, both pancreatic juice and bile present in the small intestine play an important role in the regulation of the pancreatic juice secretion.     

Effect of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on cobalamin absorption in dogs

The possibility that the canine pancreas might have an important role in the physiologic absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12) has been explored by determining the effect of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on cobalamin absorption and by examining the subsequent influence of bovine pancreatic enzymes and canine pancreatic juice. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was induced by ligation of pancreatic ducts and confirmed by indirect assessment of exocrine pancreatic function. Cobalamin absorption was determined by oral administration of cyano[58Co]cobalamin and quantitation of radioactivity in blood, urine, and feces during 48 hours. Pancreatic duct ligation resulted in a significant (P less than 0.001) decrease in cobalamin absorption, which was not restored by oral administration of bovine pancreatic enzymes, despite considerable improvements in steatorrhea and in vivo proteolytic activities. In marked contrast, malabsorption of cobalamin was significantly (P less than 0.05) reversed by oral administration of canine pancreatic juice. These results indicate that pancreatic secretions have an important role in the normal absorption of cobalamin in the dog, a role that does not appear to be attributable to pancreatic enzymes, but is consistent with the existence of a pancreatic intrinsic factor in this species.     

Biochemical changes in the jejunal mucosa of dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency following pancreatic duct ligation

The effects of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on the small intestinal mucosa were examined in dogs following pancreatic duct ligation. There were no significant changes either in villus architecture or enterocyte height after duct ligation, but numbers of bacteria in duodenal juice increased then subsequently decreased following treatment with exogenous pancreatic enzymes. Pancreatic insufficiency resulted in a considerable increase in the proportion of microvillar membrane proteins of molecular mass over 200 kDa from 3.3 +/- 4 per cent (mean +/- SEM) to 13.6 +/- 7.2 per cent, and this decreased to 6.9 +/- 5.2 per cent following pancreatic enzyme supplementation. However, anticipated increases in activities of maltase and sucrase were not observed following duct ligation, and there was a reduction in lactase activity which was reversed by pancreatic supplementation. Activities of marker enzymes for the other subcellular organelles showed relatively minor or no changes throughout the study. These findings are consistent with a specific role for pancreatic enzymes in the post-translational processing of intestinal microvillar membrane proteins, and suggest that reduced degradation of brush border proteins in the absence of pancreatic secretions may be masked by quantitative and qualitative changes in the intestinal microflora.     

Impaired pancreatic endocrine and exocrine responses in growth-retarded piglets

The alteration of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretory responses induced by secretagogues and neural input was investigated in post-weaning growth-retarded (GR) piglets. Blood and pancreatic juice were collected from these animals (6-8-weeks old). Plasma insulin and pancreatic digestive enzymes induced by nutrients, drugs and vagal stimulation were measured biochemically. The pancreas was inspected by immunohistochemical analysis. In GR piglets, the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations at the resting state were very low, and the secretory response was also markedly reduced, with maximum inhibition of 90% by glucose administration and 83% by arginine administration. The insulin secretion was not increased by 2-deoxy-D-glucose administration in GR piglets. The pancreatic juice secretions induced by vagal stimulation and secretagogues in GR piglets were not different from those induced in the control piglets. However, amylase activity in the pancreatic juice and in the pancreas was significantly decreased in GR piglets, although trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were not different. In the immunohistochemical analysis, the numbers of islets and the staining degree for insulin antibody also declined in the pancreases of GR piglets. These results indicated the reduction of insulin and amylase secretions from the pancreas in GR piglets, suggesting that a dysfunction of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion during growth after weaning may be an important factor in the induction of growth retardation in piglets.     

Pancreatic exocrine secretion and plasma concentration of some gastrointestinal hormones in response to abomasal infusion of starch hydrolyzate and/or casein

Eight Angus steers (290 +/- 8 kg), surgically prepared with pancreatic pouch-duodenal reentrant cannulas and abomasal infusion catheters were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to investigate the effects of abomasal infusion of starch hydrolyzate (SH) and/or casein on pancreatic exocrine secretion and plasma concentration of hormones. Steers were fed a basal diet of alfalfa (1.2 x NEm) in 12 equal portions daily. Abomasal infusion treatments (6-L total volume infused per day) were water (control), SH [2.7 g/(kg BW x d)], casein [0.6 g/(kg BW x d)], and SH + casein. Periods were 3 d for adaptation and 8 d of full infusion. Pancreatic juice and jugular blood samples were collected over 30-min intervals for 6 h on d 11. Weight and pH of pancreatic samples were measured, and a 10% subsample was composited and frozen until analysis of total protein and pancreatic enzyme activities. The remaining sample was returned to the duodenum. Plasma was harvested and frozen until analyzed. Pancreatic juice (67 mL/h) and protein (1.8 g/h) secretion rates were not affected by nutrient infusion. There were SH x casein interactions for all pancreatic enzyme secretions (U/h; alpha-amylase, P < 0.03; trypsin, P < 0.08; and chymotrypsin, P < 0.03) and plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.10). Secretion of pancreatic enzymes was increased by SH (trypsin) and casein (alpha-amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) but not when SH + casein were infused together. Glucose (P < 0.10) and cholecystokinin octapeptide concentrations (CCK-8; P < 0.05) were increased by SH, but glucagon was decreased (P < 0.10). Casein decreased (P < 0.10) plasma CCK-8 concentrations. These data indicate that positive effects of postruminal casein on enzyme secretion were inhibited by SH, emphasizing the complexity of the regulatory mechanisms involved in dietary adaptation of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Changes in hormone concentration may not relate directly to changes in enzyme secretion.     

Effect of short chain fatty acids infused intraileally on interdigestive exocrine pancreatic secretions in growing pigs

The effect of intraileally infused short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and saline as control on the exocrine pancreatic secretions during the interdigestive phase was studied using three 8-weeks-old piglets. Pigs were surgically fitted with a pancreatic duct catheter, re-entrant duodenal T-cannula for collection and subsequent return of pancreatic juice, and with an infusion T-cannula at the distal ileum. Saline as control, 5.0 and 10.0 mm butyrate, 7.5 and 15.0 mm propionate and 85.0 and 170.0 mm acetate were infused at 2 ml/kg body weight (BW) for 30 min into the ileum of overnight fasted piglets via ileal T-cannula. The calculated volume of infusates was administrated in five equal bolus at 6 min intervals over a period of 30 min. The pancreatic juice was collected 60 and 30 min before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of infusion. The trypsin (p = 0.07, p > 0.15 respectively) and protein (p > 0.15, p = 0.05 respectively) outputs immediately decreased after the infusion of acetate at the dose of 85.0 and 170.0 mm, respectively, whereas pancreatic juice outflow (p > 0.15) was not significantly affected when compared with levels 30 min before infusion. After the infusion of butyrate at the dose of 5.0 mm, trypsin (p = 0.01) and protein (p = 0.12) outputs increased immediately whereas pancreatic juice outflow was not affected (p > 0.15) in comparison with levels 30 min before infusion. No significant differences were observed after infusion of butyrate at the dose of 10 mm for the pancreatic juice outflow, trypsin and protein outputs when compared with the level before infusion, although these values were numerically lower immediately after the infusion. The pancreatic juice outflow increased (p = 0.03) after the infusion of propionate at the dose of 7.5 mm and decreased (p = 0.005) immediately after the infusion of propionate at the dose of 15.0 mm when compared with the levels 30 min before the infusions. After the infusion of propionate at the dose of 7.5 or 15.0 mm for the output of protein and trypsin, no significant differences (p > 0.15) were observed when compared with levels 30 min before infusion. In summary, the intraileal infusion of SCFA at different doses exerts a short-term and moderate effect on the interdigestive exocrine pancreatic secretions in pigs.     

The influence of potato fibre on exocrine pancreatic secretions and on plasma levels of insulin, secretin and cholecystokinin in growing pigs.

The effect of a potato fibre preparation on exocrine pancreatic secretions and on gastrointestinal hormone levels in plasma was studied in three 8 weeks old piglets that were surgically fitted with a jugular vein catheter for blood sampling, a pancreatic duct catheter and a T-shaped duodenal cannula for collection of pancreatic juice. The animals were fed for 2 weeks a control diet (experimental period 1), thereafter for 2 weeks the control diet supplemented with 2% potato fibre (experimental period 2) and for another 2 weeks the control diet again (experimental period 3). Additionally, intraduodenal (i.d.) infusions of the experimental diet, the control diet and potato fibre as well as i.v. infusions of a solution containing cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin were administered. Potato fibre in the diet evoked in tendency an increase in the volume of secretion of pancreatic juice and a significant increase both in the mean values of the total protein content and total activities of lipase, trypsin and alpha-amylase when compared to the control diet. The i.d. infusion of the control diet, experimental diet and fibre infusate as well as the i.v. administration of the hormone infusate led to a spontaneous secretory response of the exocrine pancreas. Besides gastrointestinal hormones, such as CCK, other factors such as short chain fatty acids may be involved in the regulation of the exocrine pancreas.