广东珠三角地区H9亚型禽流感病毒HD株的分离鉴定

在广东珠三角地区某鸡场取样,接种SPF鸡胚后获得1株病毒HD株,经HA和HI检测为H9亚型禽流感病毒阳性。HA基因分析显示,HD株HA基因核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列均与近年来国内流行的GX55等4.2.5分支H9亚型禽流感病毒相似性高,分别为94.1%~97.6%和95.8%~98.2%,而与国内常用疫苗株F、SS、SD696等4.2.3分支病毒相似性较低,分别为88.9%~89.8%和91%~91.6%。试验表明HD分离株属于4.2.5分支,与近年来国内H9流行株类似,而与常用疫苗株存在一定差异。     

1株鸡H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离鉴定和HA基因序列分析

从广东珠三角地区某鸡场采样,接种SPF鸡胚后分离到一株病毒,经HA和HI检验为禽流感病毒H9亚型阳性,命名为A/chicken/Guangdong/JL/2014(简称为JL)。HA基因测序后分析显示,JL株HA基因、蛋白与近年来国内流行的GX55等4.2.5分支H9亚型禽流感病毒相似性高,分别为90.9%~97%和93.4%~99.5%,而与国内常用疫苗株SS、F、SD696等4.2.3分支病毒相似性较低,分别为85.8%~88.1%和88.4%~89.1%,其中与RZ853株相似性最高,达97%。试验表明,分离的JL株属于4.2.5分支,与近年来国内流行株类似,与常用疫苗株存在一定差异。     

江西地区H9亚型禽流感病毒WS-JX株的分离鉴定

在江西某鸡场取样,接种SPF鸡胚后获得1株病毒WS-JX株,经HA和HI检测为H9亚型禽流感病毒阳性。通过HA基因分析,结果显示,WS-JX株HA基因核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列均与近年来国内流行的GX55等4.2.5分支H9亚型禽流感病毒相似性高,分别为90.1%～99.6%和94.1%～100.0%。而与国内常用的疫苗株F株、SS株等4.2.3分支病毒相似性较低,分别为85.9%～89.1%和90.6%～90.9%。试验结果表明,WS-JX分离株属于4.2.5分支,与近年来国内H9流行株类似,而与常用的疫苗株存在一定的差异。     

H9亚型禽流感病毒山西株的分离鉴定及其HA基因的遗传进化分析

从山西省某些鸡场采集疑似病料,接种SPF鸡胚后分离病毒,采用A型流感病毒通用引物进行HA基因的扩增,并连接T载体克隆后进行序列测序和遗传进化分析。结果显示:获得4株H9亚型禽流感病毒完整HA序列,开放阅读框1 683nt,编码560个氨基酸,各自之间核苷酸同源性较高,达95.5%~99.6%,且推导的氨基酸同源性介于92.0%~99.6%之间;遗传进化分析结果显示该4株属4.2.5分支,与国内常用疫苗株4.2.3分支存在一定差异,但仍属于4.2大分支;HA蛋白的裂解位点氨基酸顺序为RSSR↓GLF,为低致病性禽流感病毒,并且含有7个潜在的N-糖基化位点以及8个受体结合位点。结果表明:本试验分离的H9亚型禽流感病毒与近年来流行毒株HA基因同源性及蛋白关键位点相似性较高。     

2022年山东地区商品肉鸡15株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的遗传演化分析

为了解2022年商品肉鸡H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在山东地区的流行情况,选取了15株分离鉴定的H9N2亚型禽流感毒株,对其HA基因进行序列测定和分子特征分析,并应用软件Mega6.0绘制HA基因进化树,进行遗传进化分析。结果表明,15株H9N2分离毒的HA裂解位点氨基酸均为RSSR/GLF,具有典型低致病性AIV HA基因的特征;其第234位氨基酸均为亮氨酸（L）,因此就具有了结合人流感受体的分子特性。进化树分析表明,2022年山东地区15株H9N2流行毒株HA基因属于4.2.5分支,细分为近几年在中国鸡群中流行的4.2.5a和4.2.5.c亚分支。     

1株HA蛋白S145变异H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的分离鉴定与HA基因序列分析

从山东某发病养殖场采集疑似病料,经RT-PCR检测为H9N2亚型禽流感阳性,采用鸡胚尿囊腔接种法分离病毒(SD089),并进行HA、HI试验和HA基因扩增、测序以及序列的同源性和遗传进化分析。结果显示,分离的SD089株具有血凝特性但不能被H9亚型禽流感标准阳性血清所抑制,其HA基因推导的氨基酸序列与参考毒株相比,第145位由S漂变为N,导致增加糖基化位点NGT,表明S145是血凝抑制抗体结合位点。SD089株属于BJ94分支,与2010―2014年大部分山东流行毒株的核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别为88.9%~97.5%和89.9%~99.6%,而与疫苗株SD696分别降至88.0%和89.1%。试验表明,分离的SD089株HA基因在分子水平上发生了变异,S145位点的突变提示低致病性禽流感的防制面临新的挑战。     

6株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的分子演化和抗原变异分析

H9N2亚型禽流感持续在我国鸡群中广泛流行,为了明确2017年山东省聊城市一肉鸡场H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的分子演化和抗原变异情况,对6株H9N2亚型病毒分离株进行了基因扩增、序列测定和进化分析,并分别使用病毒分离株和疫苗株抗原进行血凝抑制试验,比较免疫鸡血清的抗体效价差异。结果如下:NCBI Blastn分析表明,与各分离株基因同源性最高的序列分别来源于山东、河北、上海、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南、广东和日本等地的分离株,表明H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播范围广,基因重排活跃。各基因的系统进化分析表明,分离株的8个基因片段分别与禽流感病毒欧亚分支的A/duck/HongKong/Y280亚系、A/quail/HongKong/G1/97亚系以及A/chicken/Shanghai/F/98亚系进化关系密切。从病毒基因型上来分析,6株病毒均隶属于2010年以来在国内鸡群中广泛流行的G57基因型。与耐药性相关的氨基酸位点分析表明,病毒M2蛋白存在S31N变异,表明病毒对离子通道蛋白抑制剂耐药。对1 000份疫苗免疫鸡血清进行血凝抑制抗体效价的检测,发现H9N2亚型禽流感分离株抗原与疫苗用标准抗原相比,所测得的血凝抑制抗体滴度平均低1~2log2,表明二者HA抗原性略有差异。总之,2017年在该肉鸡场流行的这6株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒仍然为G57基因型,分离株的HA抗原反应性与疫苗株略有差异。     

山东部分地区H9N2亚型禽流感病毒分离鉴定及HA和NA基因的遗传进化分析

为了解山东省H9亚型禽流感病毒变异情况和流行规律,于2013年从山东省潍坊、淄博、青岛、临沂、济南、滨州和烟台等地区疑似禽流感病鸡病料中分离到14株病毒,通过病毒分离培养、血凝与血凝抑制试验、RT-PCR技术进行了鉴定,并对获得病毒的HA基因和NA基因序列进行了同源性和遗传进化分析。结果显示,分离病毒均能凝集鸡的红细胞并能被禽流感病毒H9标准阳性血清抑制,RT-PCR方法从分离株中扩增出HA基因和NA基因保守片段,序列比对表明分离株与山东日照分离株A/Chicken/Rizhao/853/2013(H9N2)具有较高同源性,达94.4%以上,证实分离毒株为H9N2亚型禽流感病毒。HA裂解位点处的氨基酸序列为-PSRSSR/GL-,符合低致病性禽流感病毒的分子特征。HA、NA基因遗传进化分析表明,分离株与代表株DK/Y280/97亲缘关系最近,核苷酸同源性分别达90.3%和93.6%以上,属于国内常见的CK/BJ/94分支中的Y280-like亚分支。     

2株H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

本试验于广东省珠三角地区取样,接种SPF鸡胚纯化后分离到了2株禽流感病毒93株和101株,经过HA和HI试验鉴定均为H9亚型禽流感病毒阳性。对其HA基因进行分析后发现,此两株H9亚型禽流感病毒属于目前国内流行的H9.4.2.5分支,与近年来国内的流行毒株的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性较高。但是,其序列与国内常用的疫苗株F株SS株和SD696株存在差异,同源性较低。分子特征分析发现此2株病毒对人类受体的结合能力增强,潜在糖基化位点分布发生了改变。本试验结果证明H9毒株正在持续地进化,值得我们进一步地关注。     

2013—2014年H7亚型禽流感病毒遗传进化分析

对2013—2014年15株不同来源的H7亚型禽流感病毒国内分离株进行了基因组测序与遗传进化分析。结果显示,15株H7亚型禽流感病毒具有遗传多样性,可分为2种亚型:13株为H7N9亚型,2株为H7N3亚型。HA蛋白裂解位点附近氨基酸分析显示所有H7亚型流感分离株均为低致病性毒株。基因组遗传进化分析显示,13株H7N9亚型禽流感病毒均与2013年人源分离株同源性较高,但具有2种遗传学特性,13株病毒的PB2、PA、HA、NP、NA、M和NS基因高度同源,而PB1基因来源于2个不同分支。2株H7N3亚型流感病毒与国内鸭源分离株同源性较高。15株H7亚型禽流感病毒PB2蛋白均未出现627K、701N等与哺乳动物适应性相关的氨基酸变异。13株H7N9亚型禽流感病毒HA裂解位点附近氨基酸(EIPKGR/GL)与人源H7N9病毒一致,且HA蛋白和M2蛋白分别具有与哺乳动物适应性和金刚烷胺耐药性相关的标志性变异,而2株H7N3亚型禽流感病毒未出现上述氨基酸变异。     

Aerobic bacterial flora from dead-in-shell chicken embryos from Nigeria

Dead-in-shell chicken embryos from two commercial hatcheries in Anambra State of Nigeria were investigated for isolation of aerobic bacteria. For this purpose, 79 pooled samples containing 632 dead-in-shell chicken embryos were cultured. From these samples, 23 isolates of Escherichia coli and 25 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were recorded. Other bacterial species isolated included Micrococcus sp. (fifteen isolates), Klebsiella sp. (thirteen isolates), Pseudomonas sp. (nine isolates), and Proteus sp. (seven isolates). Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Mycoplasma spp. could not be isolated. A high incidence of pathogenic strains of bacteria from dead-in-shell chicken embryos was observed. This suggests that the isolates may have contributed to the embryonic mortality and reduced hatchability recorded in the farms investigated.     

素材来自生产 灵感源于交流——广西大学韦平教授专访

2008年9月29日上午,借"中国畜牧兽医学会禽病学分会第十四次学术研讨会"在扬州落幕的空隙,广西大学教授、广西养禽与禽病研究所所长韦平来到<中国家禽>编辑部参观指导.此间,本刊就广西黄鸡产业的现状及存在问题、禽免疫抑制病及加强交流对科研工作的重要性等话题对韦教授进行了专访.本文择其精华刊发.     

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from India

The present study was undertaken to isolate and genotype Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from villages in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu states of central and south India, respectively. Blood, heart, and brain from a total of 741 chickens were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii, as assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT >or = 1:5) were found in 133 (17.9%) chickens. Hearts and brains of 186 chickens were bioassayed in mice. Additionally, hearts and/or brains of most of the seronegative (MAT < 1:5) chickens were fed to 20 T. gondii-free cats, while 32 seropositive chickens (MAT 1:5) were fed to 3 cats. T. gondii was not isolated from any of the chickens by mouse bioassay. Five of the cats that were fed seronegative chickens shed oocysts, while isolates were not obtained from any of the other cats fed seropositive chickens. These five isolates, along with the two that were previously isolated in India through cat bioassay, were genetically analyzed. Genotyping using the SAG 2 locus indicated that two isolates were type II and five were type III. Microsatellite analysis revealed allelic differences between and within the lineages. This is the first report of genetic characterization of any T. gondii isolate from India.     

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies from wild canids from Brazil

The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was evaluated by the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test in serum of 57 wild canids from three different species: Lycalopex gymnocercus, Cerdocyon thous and Dusicyon vetulus from the northeast, southeast and southern regions of Brazil. The prevalence was 35.1%, with 20 of the 57 canids demonstrating antibodies anti-T. gondii at dilutions of 1:16 in 2, 1:32 in 4, 1:64 in 2, 1:128 in 2, 1:256 in 6, 1:512 in 2 and 1:2048 in 2 animals. None of the D. vetulus were positive. Among the L. gymnocercus 11 (91.7%) of the 12 samples were positive and among C. thous 9 (60%) of the 15 had antibodies anti-T. gondii.     

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from Brazil

Until recently, Toxoplasma gondii was considered clonal with very little genetic variability. Recent studies indicate that T. gondii isolates from Brazil are genetically and biologically different from T. gondii isolates from USA and Europe. In the present study, we retyped 151 free range chicken isolates from Brazil including 117 newly isolated samples from 11 geographically areas (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranh?o, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, S?o Paulo, Sergipe, and Rondonia) and 34 previously reported isolates from the very north (Pará) and the very south (Rio Grande do Sul). Ten PCR-RFLP markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico were used to genotype all isolates. Overall analysis of 151 T. gondii isolates revealed 58 genotypes. Half (29/58) of these genotypes had single isolate and the other half of the genotypes were characterized with two or more isolates. Only 1 of 151 isolates was clonal Type I strain and 5 were clonal Type III strains. Two isolates had mixed infections. Clonal Type II strain was absent. One strain was Type II at all loci, except BTUB. The results confirm high genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from Brazil.     

Isolation of Giardia from a llama and from sheep.

Giardia cysts were detected in feces of a domestic llama (Lama glama) and in feces of lambs (Ovis aries) from Wisconsin, U.S.A. All of the animals examined were immature, and they had recent histories of poor condition and passing unformed or semiformed, pale stools. Giardia cysts from both host species were excysted in vitro, and the trophozoites were cultivated axenically. Furthermore, Giardia cysts from both sources were shown to produce infection in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unquiculatus). The finding of Giardia in the llama represents a new host recorded for this parasite. Also, this is the first report of Giardia-infected sheep from the Western Hemisphere.