外源AsA对苹果果实采后衰老及AsA-GSH循环的影响

 以苹果(Malus domestica Borkh．)品种“嘎拉”果实为试材,研究了外源抗坏血酸(AsA)处理对采后果实成熟衰老及其过程中抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA GSH)循环各组分的影响。结果表明,在嘎拉苹果果实常温贮藏过程中,贮藏前期AsA再生酶单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR) 和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性升高,AsA含量上升。但在贮藏后期,AsA,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化态谷胱甘肽（GSSG）、总抗坏血酸和总谷胱甘肽含量都开始迅速下降。10mmol/L外源AsA处理降低了果实相对膜透性、MDA和H2O2含量,提高了贮藏前期AsA-GSH循环系统相关酶（抗坏血酸还原酶(APX),MDHAR,DHAR和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)）的活性,AsA和GSH水平,增加了AsA/DHA比率。     

高低温胁迫对番茄叶片抗坏血酸代谢系统的影响

为探明番茄在温度逆境下抗坏血酸（AsA）代谢系统抗氧化的生理机制,以番茄幼苗为试材,分别研究了高温（40℃）和低温（5℃）胁迫（0、4、8、12、24、36h）下,叶片AsA代谢的主要酶L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶（GalLDH）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性与AsA、脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）和AsA＋DHA含量的变化。结果表明：在高温和低温胁迫下,除36h外,番茄叶片AsA、DHA和AsA＋DHA含量和GalLDH、DHAR、APX、MDHAR及GR活性均明显高于25℃（CK）处理,H2O2含量始终明显高于CK,AsA／DHA始终明显低于CK,说明短时间（24h）高温和低温胁迫,番茄幼苗以AsA为核心的抗氧化系统功能明显增强,但长时间（36h）温度胁迫,AsA抗氧化系统的功能明显下降,导致H2O2的积累。     

不同耐冷性杂草稻和栽培稻抗氧化系统对冷水胁迫的响应

【目的】从孕穗期到抽穗开花是水稻对温度最为敏感的阶段,这一阶段的低温冷害严重制约了东北地区水稻生长和种植面积的进一步扩大,探明水稻耐冷生理机制,将为东北水稻生产提供重要保障。探索耐冷性不同的杂草稻和栽培稻在冷水胁迫下开花期剑叶的活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的变化规律,为耐冷性水稻品种的选育和栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以耐冷性强的杂草稻WR03-45、栽培稻丽江新团黑谷和冷敏感的杂草稻WR03-26、栽培稻秀子糯为试验材料,采用盆栽方法,根据剑叶叶枕距判断主穗进入孕穗期的时间,于孕穗期在冷水池中进行低温处理,未经冷水处理的参试材料作为对照。在开花期,剪取参试材料的剑叶保存于-85℃的超低温冰箱中,用于测定超氧阴离子自由基（）产生速率、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR） 5种抗氧化酶活性和还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）两种抗氧化剂含量,研究孕穗期低温冷害对剑叶的活性氧（ROS）积累、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的影响。【结果】冷水胁迫下,冷敏感的杂草稻WR03-26开花期剑叶仅有CAT和GR活性显著增加,冷敏感的栽培稻秀子糯开花期剑叶SOD、CAT和GR活性显著增加;WR03-26和秀子糯剑叶的AsA和GSH含量及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值与对照无显著差异;WR03-26和秀子糯剑叶产生速率显著增加,H₂O₂含量极显著增加,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量显著增加。耐冷性强的杂草稻WR03-45开花期剑叶SOD活性显著升高,POD、APX、CAT和GR极显著升高,耐冷性强的栽培稻丽江新团黑谷开花期剑叶SOD、POD和APX活性显著升高,CAT和GR活性极显著升高;WR03-45和丽江新团黑谷剑叶的抗氧化剂（AsA和GSH）含量及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值在冷水胁迫下显著高于对照;WR03-45和丽江新团黑谷剑叶产生速率、H₂O₂含量和MDA含量与对照相比无显著差异。【结论】冷水胁迫下,耐冷性强的水稻通过提高抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量,减少ROS的积累以及膜脂过氧化,增强对冷水胁迫的耐性。水稻的耐冷性与胁迫下抗氧化系统清除ROS的能力有关,杂草稻WR03-45作为一种强耐冷性的种质资源可以用于栽培稻耐冷性的遗传改良。     

土壤紧实胁迫对黄瓜抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的影响

【目的】探索土壤紧实胁迫对黄瓜产生伤害的机理,为土壤的可持续利用提供参考。【方法】用容重为1.20 g•cm-3的疏松土壤和1.55 g•cm-3的紧实土壤进行盆栽试验,研究土壤紧实胁迫对‘津春4号’黄瓜叶片及根系中抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环（AsA-GSH）的影响。【结果】在土壤紧实胁迫条件下,黄瓜叶片及根系中过氧化氢（H2O2）含量和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著提高,且根系中两种物质的增幅高于叶片,表明根系的伤害程度高于叶片。与此同时,叶片及根系中还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）含量、AsA+DHA量、ASA/DHA显著降低,脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）含量显著提高;还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量显著下降,氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量、GSSG/GSH比值显著提高,GSSG+GSH变化甚微,表明AsA及GSH被消耗以清除H2O2。叶片及根系中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性显著升高,且APX的活性水平远远高于MDHAR、DHAR及GR,表明APX在清除H2O2的过程中氧化AsA的能力远远高于MDHAR和DHAR再生AsA的能力及GR将GSSG还原成GSH的能力。【结论】在土壤紧实胁迫条件下,黄瓜秧苗（叶片及根系）中的AsA-GSH循环加强,削弱了土壤紧实胁迫造成的伤害。     

Coordinate induction of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system by exogenous proline and glycinebetaine is correlated with salt tolerance in mung bean

The purpose of this study was to assess the synergistic effects of exogenously applied proline and glycinebetaine (betaine) in antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification system in mung bean seedlings subjected to salt stress (200 mmol·L⁻¹ NaCl, 48 h). Seven-day-old mung bean seedlings were exposed to salt stress after pre-treatment with proline or betaine. Salt stress caused a sharp increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content in leaves, while the GSH/GSSG ratio and ascorbate (AsA) content decreased significantly. The glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities were increased in response to salt stress, while the monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT) and glyoxalase I (Gly I) activities sharply decreased with an associated increase in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and lipid peroxidation level (MDA). Proline or betaine pre-treatment had little influence on nonenzymatic and enzymatic components as compared to those of the untreated control. However, proline or betaine pre-treated salt-stressed seedlings showed an increase in AsA, GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio and maintained higher activities of APX, DHAR, GR, GST, GPX, CAT, Gly I and Gly II involved in ROS and MG detoxification system as compared to those of the untreated control and mostly also salt-stressed plants with a simultaneous decrease in GSSG content, H₂O₂ and MDA level. These results together with our previous results suggest that coordinate induction of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system by proline and betaine rendered the plants tolerant to salinity-induced oxidative stress in a synergistic fashion.     

氯化镧对铜胁迫下玉米幼苗抗氧化特性的影响

以玉米为试材,采用溶液培养方法,研究了外源氯化镧对铜胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片及根系抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明,铜胁迫显著提高了玉米叶片SOD、CAT、APX、DHAR活性、GSH含量、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量及根系SOD、CAT、DHAR活性、As A含量、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量,而使叶片POD、GR活性、As A含量及根系POD、APX、GR活性、GSH含量显著降低。与铜胁迫相比,氯化镧+铜复合处理叶片的SOD、APX、GR、DHAR活性与As A含量分别显著增加了16.3%、86.2%、225.0%、62.5%、267.7%,其根系POD、APX、GR、DHAR活性和GSH含量分别显著增加了148.5%、66.7%、51.5%、23.7%、19.3%,叶片CAT、POD活性、GSH含量、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量分别降低了47.5%、15.0%、15.4%、44.3%、48.1%,根系CAT活性、As A含量、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量分别降低了42.9%、50.0%、35.8%、41.1%,氯化镧+铜复合处理使玉米幼苗生物量显著增加了25.4%。综上,氯化镧可提高玉米幼苗的抗氧化能力,从而缓解铜胁迫玉米植株所造成的伤害。     

24-表油菜素内酯对低温胁迫下葡萄幼苗抗氧化系统 及渗透调节物质的影响

【目的】探讨外源EBR（24-表油菜素内酯）对低温胁迫下葡萄幼苗抗氧化系统及渗透调节物质的影响。【方法】以欧亚种（Vitis vinifera L.）鲜食葡萄品种‘紫脆无核’营养袋扦插苗为试材,分别在4℃和0℃低温条件下,研究外源EBR对葡萄幼苗4种抗氧化酶活性（CAT、SOD、POD及APX）、超氧阴离子（ ）和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及渗透调节物质游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。【结果】在两种低温胁迫条件下,外源EBR处理均使葡萄叶片抗氧化酶CAT、POD、SOD及APX活性升高,且总体与对照之间差异显著;同时也使葡萄叶片抗氧化物质GSH及AsA含量升高,在4℃和0℃条件下,GSH平均含量较对照分别升高5.4%及7.8%,AsA含量分别升高8.8%及13.0%;EBR处理使叶片 及MDA含量降低, 平均较对照分别降低28.5%及17.3%,MDA含量分别降低6.8%及7.5%;EBR处理明显提高了葡萄幼苗叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量,平均含量较对照分别提高8.4%和59.1%、3.5%和5.2%及18.6%和25.0%。【结论】在低温胁迫下,外源EBR通过提高抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物质含量及渗透调节物质含量,减少了活性氧(ROS)的积累及膜脂过氧化产物MDA的产生,增强了葡萄幼苗耐低温胁迫的能力。     

冷蒿抗氧化防御系统对机械损伤的响应

放牧对草地植物的直接影响包括动物的采食和践踏。为了探讨冷蒿Artemisia frigida的耐牧性,采用人工机械损伤(轻度、中度和重度)的方式处理盆栽冷蒿地上枝叶,分别测定冷蒿叶片和根系活性氧(ROS),丙二醛(MDA),抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)质量摩尔浓度,同时测定了抗氧化防御酶和抗坏血酸(AsA)-谷胱甘肽(GSH)循环酶活性的变化。结果表明:随着机械损伤强度的增加,冷蒿叶片超氧阴离子(O₂·-)和过氧化氢(H₂O₂)质量摩尔浓度升高,膜质过氧化增强;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随机械损伤强度的增加而升高。在轻度和中度处理下,冷蒿叶片中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX),脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR),单脱径抗坏血酸还原并(MDHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性增强,抗氧化剂(AsA和GSH)的还原力(ρ_AsA/ρ_DHA值和ρ_GSH/ρ_GSSG值)处于稳定平衡状态;重度机械损伤下AsA-GSH循环效率显著降低(P≤0.05)。冷蒿根系抗氧化防御系统对机械损伤也表现出明显的应激反应能力。综上所述,机械损伤使冷蒿体内ROS质量摩尔浓度升高,且冷蒿能够在不同程度的机械损伤下快速、有效地启动体内抗氧化防御系统,清除体内过量的ROS,维持一定的AsA-GSH循环效率,表现出较强的耐损伤能力。图4表1参42     

Polyamines and antioxidant defense system are associated with cold tolerance in centipedegrass

Physiological responses to low temperature were analyzed in a chilling-tolerant centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) accession, Shao Guan (SG), in comparison to the commercial cultivar, Common. Lower levels of ion leakage and higher chlorophyll (Chl) concentration were observed in SG than in Common during chilling stress. The maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, photochemical quenching efficiency, and net photosynthetic rate were decreased during chilling stress in both genotypes, with higher levels of these parameters shown by SG than Common. In addition, higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate-peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), and higher concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were observed in SG than in Common. Moreover, higher concentrations of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) were observed in SG than in Common. Correlation analysis indicated that SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, and AsA and GSH concentrations showed high correlation to Put, while APX, GR, and AsA concentrations were correlated to Spd. Exogenous Put or Spd increased antioxidant enzyme activities and chilling tolerance. The results suggested that polyamine-regulated antioxidants are important for chilling tolerance in centipedegrass and protect plants against chilling induced oxidative damage.     

茶树叶片抗氧化系统对土壤水分胁迫的响应

采用盆栽试验研究了土壤水分胁迫下茶树铁观音和福鼎大白茶2年生幼苗抗氧化系统的响应.结果表明,在土壤水分胁迫下,茶树叶片O2.-的产生速率加快,细胞膜透性增大,MDA含量上升;铁观音SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR的活性以及AsA和GSH的含量在轻度、中度水分胁迫下上升,在重度水分胁迫下下降;而福鼎大白茶的保护酶活性和抗氧化剂含量在轻度水分胁迫下上升,在中度、重度水分胁迫下下降.在正常供水或水分胁迫下,铁观音均表现出更强的抗氧化能力,表明生长在同一生境中的铁观音对土壤水分的生态适应能力高于福鼎大白茶.     

Grafting Increases the Copper Tolerance of Cucumber Seedlings by Improvement of Polyamine Contents and Enhancement of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity

The aim of the study is to determine whether grafting could improve antioxidant enzyme activities and polyamine contents in leaves of cucumber plants（Cucumis sativus L.cv.Xintaimici） under copper stress.Grafted（using Cucurbita ficifolia as rootstock） and ungrafted cucumber seedlings were cultured in deep flow technique（DFT） with the Cu2＋ concentration of 40 μmol L-1.The results showed that on the 9th day of copper stress treatment,the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,superoxide radical（） producing rate,and electrolyte leakage percentage were significantly lower in grafted seedlings in comparison to those of the ungrafted seedlings,whereas the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase（SOD,EC 1.15.1.1）,peroxidase（POD,EC 1.11.1.7）,ascorbate peroxidase（APX,EC 1.11.1.11）,catalase（CAT,EC 1.11.1.6）,glutathione reductase（GR,EC 1.6.4.2）,and monodehydroascorbate reductase（MDHAR,EC 1.6.5.4） of grafted seedlings were also significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings,and the contents of free proline and soluble protein of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings.Cu2＋ treatment increased the putrescine（Put） level and lowered the spermidine（Spd） and spermine（Spm） levels,thereby reducing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves of grafted and ungrafted seedlings.Grafting markedly reversed these Cu-induced effects for all three PAs and partially restored the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves.These results suggest that grafting can enhance the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to Cu2＋ stress by increasing the activities of antioxidants and the levels of endogenous Spd and Spm,decreasing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio and the levels of ROS,promoting free proline and soluble protein synthesis in cucumber seedling leaves.     

Effects of Different Cadmium Levels on Active Oxygen Metabolism and H2O2-Scavenging System in Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis

The effects of different Cd (Cadmium) levels on generation of active oxygen speceies(AOS) and H2O2-scavenging system in the leaves of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensiswere studied. The results showed that O2 generation rate, and H2O2 content were enhancedand malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with the increase of Cd concentrations inthe growth medium. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbatereductase (DR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were promoted by the addition of Cd.Exposed to Cd also increased the contents of ascorbate (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) in theleaves.     

γ-氨基丁酸对盐胁迫下番茄活性氧代谢及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

 【目的】探讨外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对提高番茄耐盐性的作用。【方法】采用营养液水培法,以番茄‘金棚1号’为材料,研究外源添加GABA(5 mmol?L-1)对NaCl(50 mmol?L-1)胁迫下番茄幼苗的生长、活性氧代谢、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】在正常营养液中添加GABA对番茄幼苗的生长、APX、AsA、H2O2、MDA影响不大,但显著提高了SOD、POD、CAT、GR活性及 的积累;此外,叶绿素含量、Pn、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)没有发生显著变化,而Chla/b、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光系统Ⅱ实际量子效率(фPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)明显提高;NaCl胁迫下,外源GABA明显提高了番茄叶片生长速率、SOD、POD、APX、GR的活性以及AsA、GSH含量,减少了 、H2O2和膜脂过氧化产物MDA的积累,但对CAT影响不明显;外源添加GABA处理显著提高了盐胁迫下叶绿素含量、Pn、Fv/Fm、ETR、фPSⅡ和qP,而NPQ显著降低,维持较高的光系统Ⅱ活性。【结论】NaCl胁迫下,外源添加GABA通过促进抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的提高,降低H2O2和MDA的积累,保护了细胞膜结构的稳定性,从而减轻盐胁迫对番茄光系统Ⅱ的伤害,增强番茄的耐盐性。     

Photosynthesis,Growth and Antioxidant Metabolism in Mustard （Brassica juncea L.） Cultivars Differing in Cadmium Tolerance

Two mustard （Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.） cultivars, Pusa Jai Kisan and SS2 differing in cadmium （Cd） tolerance were treated with 0, 25 and 50 umol L-1 Cd to study the physiological basis of difference in Cd tolerance. Cultivar SS2 （Cd sensitive） accumulated greater Cd in leaves than Pusa Jai Kisan （Cd tolerant）. Further, SS2 also exhibited higher contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） and H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, dehydroascorbate reduetase （DHAR）, and glutathione reductase （GR） were higher in Pusa Jai Kisan than those in SS2. Contrarily, the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） was higher in SS2 than that in Pusa Jai Kisan and was the greatest at 25 umol L-1 Cd. Treatment of 25 umol L-1 Cd induced the maximum activity of enzymes. However, the activity of GR increased up to 50 umol L-1 Cd in both the cultivars. The non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbate （AsA） and glutathione （GSH） were higher in Pusa Jai Kisan than that in SS2, whereas dehydroascorbate （DHA） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） were higher in SS2. Photosynthesis and growth were adversely and maximally decreased by 50 umol L-1 Cd treatment in both the cultivars, but SS2 exhibited greater reductions. The protection of photosynthesis and growth and lesser reduction in Pusa Jai Kisan were associated with its capacity to restrict accumulation of Cd in leaves resulting in lower level of TBARS and H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, Pusa Jai Kisan exhibited efficient antioxidant metabolism for removal of Cd-induced reactive oxygen species.     

烟草叶片发育过程中抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环清除H2 O2 的研究

[目的]研究烟草叶片发育过程中H2O2积累以及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环清除H2O2能力的变化。[方法]以烟草(Nicotiana tabacumL.cvNC89&JYH)为材料,研究了叶片发育过程中H2O2积累与AsA-GSH循环的关联。[结果]结果表明,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,AsA、GSH含量在叶片幼嫩及成熟时期维持较高水平,衰老时下降较快,与H2O2含量存在相关性,且AsA-GSH循环系统在运行过程中保持平衡。[结论]AsA-GSH循环系统的运行与H2O2代谢存在相关性。     

不同叶龄菠菜叶片抗坏血酸含量与其代谢相关酶活性的比较

以欧丽特菠菜叶片为试材,研究了菠菜叶片发育过程中3个时期叶片(幼叶、成熟叶、衰老叶)的抗坏血酸代谢变化及抗坏血酸含量与其相关酶活性的关系。结果表明:抗坏血酸(AsA)和氧化型抗坏血酸(DHA)含量的变化趋势与L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)以及脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性的变化趋势基本一致,而与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性变化呈此消彼长。同时单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)有助于AsA的再生。说明通过增加GalLDH和再生酶活性能提高菠菜叶片AsA的含量,并延缓其衰老。     

富氢水浸种增强黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的作用及其生理机制

【目的】氢气(H2)是近年来发现的一种新型气体信号分子,它参与植物对高温、干旱、盐害、重金属等多种逆境胁迫的响应。探讨外源氢气(H_2)对黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的调控作用及其生理机制,为增强日光温室黄瓜对低温的适应能力提供技术指导。【方法】以‘津优35号’黄瓜品种为试材,用饱和富氢水(HRW,H_2供体)浸种,蒸馏水浸种作对照(CK),常温下育苗。幼苗长至2叶1心时转移至光照培养箱中进行低温(昼/夜温度8℃/5℃)处理,分别于处理后0、1、3和5 d后测定相关生理指标。【结果】低温胁迫可使黄瓜幼苗叶片的电解质渗漏率(EL)、冷害指数、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧阴离子(O_2~-)产生速率持续升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(As A)、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,相对含水量呈下降趋势。与CK相比,低温胁迫下HRW处理的EL和冷害指数的增加幅度较小,H_2O_2和MDA含量及O_2~-产生速率较低,而SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性及GSH和As A含量较高。胁迫结束时(5 d),HRW处理的EL比CK低11.3个百分点,冷害指数较CK低15.9%,H2O2和MDA含量分别比CK低29.4%和9.9%,O_2~-产生速率较CK低54.3%;而SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性分别比CK高12.6%、20.1%、20.9%、53.0%和58.1%,GSH和As A含量分别较CK高24.0%和17.6%。低温下HRW处理的黄瓜幼苗叶片的相对含水量降低幅度明显小于CK,而脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量始终高于CK。胁迫5 d时,HRW的相对含水量比CK高6.4个百分点,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分别比CK高23.0%和41.5%。【结论】富氢水浸种可增强黄瓜幼苗耐冷性,其主要作用机理是:(1)增强低温下黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统活性,减少活性氧(ROS)积累,从而减轻膜脂过氧化伤害;(2)通过提高低温下黄瓜幼苗叶片的渗透调节能力,减缓幼苗失水速度,以较长时间地维持生理功能。     

黑穗醋栗果实生长发育过程中抗坏血酸含量 及相关酶活性的变化

【目的】 研究不同品种不同生长时期黑穗醋栗果实内抗坏血酸（AsA）含量及其合成代谢过程中相关酶活性的变化,以明确果实生长发育过程中AsA含量与代谢合成相关酶之间的关系,为全面揭示黑穗醋栗果实AsA积累规律提供理论依据。【方法】 以3个不同黑穗醋栗品种（‘亚德’‘布劳德’和‘黑丰’）为试材,测定果实在幼果期、膨大期、半转色期、转色期和成熟期时还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）、氧化型抗坏血酸（DHA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量以及AsA合成与代谢相关酶活性。【结果】 不同品种黑穗醋栗果实大小、AsA含量以及AsA相关代谢物水平存在明显的多样性。其中‘亚德’单果重最大,为1.97 g。果实生长发育过程中,总抗坏血酸（T-AsA）和AsA含量在3个品种中变化趋势一致,均在幼果期含量最高,其中‘亚德’幼果期果实中AsA含量最高,为83.17 μmol·g ^-1 FW,随着果实的生长迅速下降,在成熟期降至21.28 μmol·g ^-1 FW;3个品种果实中GSH和T-GSH含量随着果实发育呈升高趋势,但不同品种升高时期或增加幅度不同;GSSG含量在不同品种间存在较大差异,成熟果中‘黑丰’含量最低,为0.008 μmol·g ^-1 FW,仅为‘亚德’的10.2%。AsA-GSH循环再生代谢中,脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）活性在果实膨大期达到最高,成熟期降至最低,其中‘布劳德’果实中DHAR和MDHAR活性略高于‘亚德’和‘黑丰’;谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性在幼果期最高,‘亚德’幼果期果实中GR活性最高（0.06 μmol·min ^-1·g ^-1 FW）,之后随着果实的生长发育不断下降,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性变化与之相似;L-半乳糖途径的关键酶L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶（GalLDH）活性随着果实生长发育的变化趋势与AsA含量变化相一致,且‘亚德’果实中GalLDH活性在幼果期和成熟期均高于其他两个品种。通过相关性分析发现,GalLDH与T-AsA、AsA、DHA、DHAR和MDHAR呈现极显著正相关关系,相关系数可达0.91以上,即果实中GalLDH活性越高,果实中AsA含量也越高;DHAR和MDHAR与T-AsA、AsA间也存在极显著正相关关系,而APX与T-GSH、GSH间相关性较强。【结论】 黑穗醋栗幼果期果实中AsA含量最高,且品种间差异显著;GalLDH、MDHAR和DHAR可能是黑穗醋栗果实中AsA合成代谢的关键酶,黑穗醋栗果实中AsA含量积累主要取决于GalLDH活性,说明合成途径起着更关键的作用,而AsA-GSH循环再生途径相关酶对AsA合成也有一定的贡献,黑穗醋栗高AsA含量的积累是由合成途径与循环途径共同作用的结果。     

初花期淹水胁迫对大豆叶片AsA-GSH循环的损伤及烯效唑的缓解效应

【目的】研究淹水胁迫对初花期(R1)大豆叶片抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环的影响及烯效唑(uniconazole,S3307)的调控效应,为提高大豆耐涝性及烯效唑的应用提供理论依据。【方法】2019年在黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术研究中心盆栽场,以耐涝品种垦丰14和涝渍敏感品种垦丰16为试验材料,进行盆栽试验。待植株生长至R1期时叶片喷施S3307(浓度为50 mg·L^-1,喷施量为225 L·hm^-2),喷施5 d后开始淹水胁迫处理,分别于淹水后0d(R1+5)、5 d(R1+10)和恢复正常水分处理5 d(R1+15)后进行取样,以2个品种大豆正常水分管理为对照组(CK)、淹水胁迫处理(W)和淹水胁迫处理+S3307(W+S)为处理组,分别采用分光光度计法对各项生理指标进行测定,研究淹水胁迫对大豆叶片膜脂过氧化程度(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)和AsA-GSH循环系统中非酶抗氧化剂(AsA、DHA、GSH和GSSG)和关键酶(APX、GR、MDHAR和DHAR)的影响及S3307的缓解效应。【结果】R1期,淹水胁迫R1+5时...     

外源SA对李花抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的影响

为研究外源水杨酸(SA)对李花抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环以及对李花抗寒性的影响,以‘大石早生李’‘安哥诺李’2个品种为试材,以喷水处理为对照,研究了喷施适宜浓度的外源水杨酸(SA)对-2℃低温处理4h后2个品种的李花H_2O_2质量摩尔浓度以及对抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环中酶及抗氧化物质的影响。结果表明:0.20、0.15 mmol·L~(-1)SA可以分别降低‘大石早生李’‘安哥诺李’的H_2O_2质量摩尔浓度,显著增强谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性,提高抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、总抗坏血酸、总谷胱甘肽质量摩尔浓度和AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG。低温胁迫下,AsA-GSH循环受到破坏,但喷施适宜浓度的外源SA可以显著增强李花的抗氧化酶活性,提高抗氧化物质质量摩尔浓度,降低李花的膜质过氧化作用,降低低温对细胞膜的破坏,维持AsA-GSH循环系统的稳定性,从而一定程度上提高李花的抗寒性。