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改善早期断奶仔猪肠道健康和功能的营养策略研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(5):39-47
商业化生产中仔猪早期断奶(3~4周龄)恰是肠道功能发育的关键时期,断奶应激带来的持续性肠道屏障功能损伤是断奶仔猪细菌性和病毒性肠炎及断奶后腹泻的主要诱因。饲料端“禁抗”背景下,运用营养策略改善早期断奶仔猪肠道功能的研究是研究者关注的焦点问题。从早期断奶对仔猪肠道屏障功能的影响及多种营养策略对断奶仔猪肠道功能改善的作用,综述了早期断奶致仔猪肠道屏障功能损伤的机理及氨基酸、抗菌肽、益生菌、膳食纤维、低聚糖、有机酸、微量营养素和脂质营养等营养策略改善仔猪肠道功能的作用机制,为通过营养策略改善断奶仔猪肠道功能相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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早期断奶仔猪,由于饮食、环境的改变以及自身消化系统、免疫系统的不完善,易引发断奶应激综合征,造成肠道屏障功能紊乱。有效修复因断奶应激引发的肠道屏障功能紊乱,提高仔猪肠道消化吸收及免疫机能对促进仔猪生长、防治腹泻具有重要意义。益生菌是一类安全、绿色、高效的新型饲料添加剂,具有抗菌、抑炎、免疫调节等作用。研究表明,益生菌能够维护断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能,缓解断奶应激。本文综述了益生菌对断奶仔猪肠道健康影响的研究进展,总结了其调控断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能的可能机制,以期为断奶仔猪肠道健康的营养调控提供理论依据。
[关键词] 益生菌|断奶仔猪|肠道屏障|作用机制 相似文献
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早期断奶是现代养猪生产中的瓶颈问题。早期断奶易造成仔猪早期断奶综合征,仔猪断奶后会出现采食量下降、生长阻滞和腹泻等一系列症状。引起这些症状的主要原因之一是断奶应激引起的仔猪肠道屏障受损。鉴于肠道微生态区系为肠道第一道防御屏障,因此,研究仔猪肠道微生态区系及其营养调控技术,对于防制仔猪早期断奶综合征、促进仔猪肠道健康、提高生产性能具有重要意义。文章针对断奶仔猪肠道微生物菌群变化及几种常用饲料添加剂(微生态制剂、植物多糖、酸化剂、微量元素、中草药及植物提取物)对肠道微生态区系调控的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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日粮中添加不同水平壳聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道总需氧菌、乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数的影响.试验选择180头(杜×大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为5个日粮处理组,每处理6个重复,每重复6头猪,试验期28 d.基础日粮中分别添加0、100、500、1000和2000 mg/kg壳聚糖.各日龄阶段壳聚糖添加组盲肠和结肠内的总需氧菌均低于对照组;乳酸菌数均高于对照组,但从回归分析结果看,与壳聚糖添加量都没有明显的剂量依赖关系.各日龄阶段壳聚糖日粮组盲肠和结肠内大肠杆菌数均低于对照组.盲肠内大肠杆菌数在14d时各组间差异趋于显著,在28 d时随壳聚糖添加剂量的增加呈显著的二次曲线降低变化.结果表明:添加壳聚糖能够有效抑制结肠内大肠杆菌数,从而在一定程度上改善断奶仔猪的肠道微生态环境. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究壳聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便评分及血清激素和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。选取28日龄断奶的杜×大×长三元杂交仔猪60头,随机分为5组(每组12头):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加250、500、1 000和2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖的试验饲粮。试验期14 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加250~2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)(P0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)(P0.05);2)饲粮添加250~2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖显著降低试验第11天断奶仔猪的粪便评分(P0.05);3)饲粮添加适宜剂量的壳聚糖显著提高断奶仔猪的血清促生长激素释放激素(GHRH)(250~2 000 mg/kg)、生长激素(GH)(500~1 000 mg/kg)和瘦素(LP)(2 000 mg/kg)的浓度(P0.05),显著降低血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)(250~2 000 mg/kg)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)(500~1 000 mg/kg)、皮质醇(COR)(250~2 000 mg/kg)和可溶性CD8(sCD8)(500~2 000 mg/kg)的浓度(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜剂量的壳聚糖能够促进断奶仔猪的生长,降低腹泻,缓解断奶应激。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫的调节作用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
作者综述了早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统、谷氨酰胺的营养生理功能、早期断奶对仔猪肠黏膜免疫的影响,以及谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的结构和功能、肠道屏障功能、肠道抗氧化能力及生产性能的影响。 相似文献
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In recent years,many studies have indicated that appropriate reduction of dietary crude protein (CP) level is an effective way to maintain intestinal health and integrity of weaned piglets,and it is very important to protect the intestinal tract of piglets after weaning.In this paper,the effect of dietary CP level on the intestinal barrier,the permeability of intestinal mucosa,micro ecological and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection of weaned piglets were summarized to provide theoretical references for further study of the reasonable application of the dietary CP level on weaned piglets. 相似文献
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Dietary supplementation with high levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) is an effective method to prevent diarrhea and promote growth in weaned piglets. However, the mechanisms behind these beneficial effects are not well understood. Recent advances in this field indicated that the effects of ZnO on piglet growth are achieved through multiple regulatory pathways rather than a single pathway. This review focuses on recent advances in the effects of high level ZnO on: 1) Zn status in weaned piglets; 2) intestinal microbe flora regulation; 3) intestinal structure and function; 4) ion secretion in the intestine epithelium; 5) intestinal immunology; and 6) secretion of brain-intestine peptides. ZnO appears to regulate the intestinal microflora and decreases the release of histamine to prevent diarrhea. ZnO also increases the expression of intestinal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the IGF-1 receptor to ameliorate intestinal injury associated with weaning, and mediates secretion of brain-gut peptides to stimulate food intake, to promote the growth of piglets. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms should inspire us to supplement the diet for weaned piglets with ZnO and investigate new approaches to prevent diarrhea and enhance growth. 相似文献
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Dietary supplementation with high levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) is an effective method to prevent diarrhea and promote growth in weaned piglets. However, the mechanisms behind these beneficial effects are not well understood. Recent advances in this field indicated that the effects of ZnO on piglet growth are achieved through multiple regulatory pathways rather than a single pathway. This review focuses on recent advances in the effects of high level ZnO on:1) Zn status in weaned piglets;2) intestinal microbe flora regulation;3)intestinal structure and function;4 )ion secretion in the intestine epithelium;5) intestinal immunology; and 6) secretion of brain-intestine peptides. ZnO appears to regulate the intestinal microflora and decreases the release of histamine to prevent diarrhea. ZnO also increases the expression of intestinal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the IGF-1 receptor to ameliorate intestinal injury associated with weaning, and mediates secretion of brain-gut peptides to stimulate food intake, to promote the growth of piglets. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms should inspire us to supplement the diet for weaned piglets with ZnO and investigate new approaches to prevent diarrhea and enhance growth. 相似文献
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大量研究表明,甘露寡糖(MOS)通过积极影响断奶仔猪的肠道微生物菌群和肠道形态结构,加速由于断奶饥饿应激或采食固体饲料中抗原受损伤的肠黏膜上皮的修复,有助于保持仔猪断奶后肠道的完整性和消化吸收功能。在免疫反应方面,MOS通过促进抗原提呈增强断奶仔猪的抗病性,从而增强从先天性免疫应答向适应性免疫应答的转变。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探究饲粮添加酶解蛋白肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响,以确定断奶仔猪饲粮中酶解蛋白肽的适宜添加水平。试验选取150头21日龄体重为(7.01±0.17) kg的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头(公母各占1/2)。各组断奶仔猪分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、2%、4%、6%和8%酶解蛋白肽的等氮等能饲粮。试验共35 d,其中预试期7 d、正试期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加6%和8%酶解蛋白肽极显著提高各阶段断奶仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.01),极显著降低第1~14天和第1~28天腹泻率(P<0.01),显著降低第15~28天料重比(P<0.05);饲粮添加6%酶解蛋白肽极显著降低断奶仔猪第15~28天腹泻率(P<0.01),显著降低第1~14天和第1~28天料重比(P<0.05)。2)试验第14天,与对照组相比,饲粮添加2%~6%酶解蛋白肽极显著提高断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量(P<0.01),饲粮添加2%、4%和8%酶解蛋白肽极显著... 相似文献