犬脊髓造影响技术

采用脊髓蛛网膜下腔穿刺将造影剂注入椎管，分别对１６只不同年龄犬行欧乃派克（ｏｍｎｉｐａｑｕｅ，每毫升含磺３００ｍｇ）脊髓造影，对１１只犬行磺化油（含磺４０％）脊髓造影。造影后拍摄颈段、胸段、腰荐段正、侧位脊髓造影照片并评定造影结果，研究比较水溶性造影剂欧乃派克和脂溶性造影剂磺化油用于不同年龄犬的脊髓造影技术，分析了犬正常脊髓造影影像。研究表明，每毫升含磺３００ｍｇ的欧乃派克可安全地用于犬的脊髓造影     

小型犬脊髓造影

脊髓造影是将造影剂在小脑延髓池或腰椎间隙处注射到蛛网膜下腔，从而使椎管显影的一种特殊的X线诊断方法。它在诊断脊髓的压迫性损伤，如椎间盘突／脱出、椎管内肿瘤、髓内肿瘤、囊肿、脓肿、血肿、椎骨骨折或移位等有关脊髓损伤的疾病具有很高的诊断意义，尤其是在决定做有关脊髓的外科手术之前，能对病变进行准确定位，是必须做的一项检查。本试验将针对小型犬身体结构的特点探索脊髓造影技术的应用。     

脊髓造影诊断犬椎间盘脱出症

作者应用脊髓造影术 ,对 1例双后肢瘫痪的病犬作了检查 ,并取得了满意效果 ,介绍如下。1　发病情况及临诊检查　京巴犬 ,白色 ,3岁 ,雌性 ,体重 4kg。主诉 :该犬 3个月前因从床上往下跳跃而摔伤 ,曾去其他诊所检查过 ,未见明显异常 ,两个月后 ,后肢行走不便 ,畜主疑为缺钙 ,在家中补钙半个月未见好转 ,故前来求治。病犬精神沉郁 ,饮食欲尚好 ,体温、脉搏和呼吸变化不大 ,后躯瘫痪 ,不能站立行走 ,后段胸椎有压痛 ,排粪排尿失禁 ,其它不认异常 ,怀疑是脊髓损伤。为进一步确认决定做 X线检查。2　 X线检查　首先为病犬拍摄胸腰椎正、侧位平片…     

犬脊髓造影

脊髓造影(Myelography)是将造影剂在小脑延髓池或腰椎间(L5-6或L4-5)处注射到蛛网膜下腔,从而使椎管显影的X线诊断方法。进行脊髓造影的诊断必须具备优良的造影剂,操作者对脊柱的解剖知识,操作者的熟练而正确的操作技术、对影像的识别技能以及其他人员对术后动物的护理。下面就以上几个方面进行介绍。     

犬脊髓造影

脊髓造影（Myelography）是一种将造影剂注入蛛网膜下腔后再拍摄X线片或CT扫描摄片的检查方法，用于一系列脊髓相关疾病的诊断。广义脊髓造影包括传统脊髓造影和CT（计算机体层摄影computed tomography，CT）脊髓造影。现所指脊髓造影一般为传统脊髓造影。犬脊髓造影用于临床的报道最早出现在20世纪50年代早期。     

小型犬脊髓穿刺技术

对 30只小型犬 (京叭 2 8只 ,杂种小型犬 2只 )进行了不同部位的脊髓穿刺。以穿刺技术的难度、造影的效果比较、脑脊液 (CSF)压力的测定和 CSF的分析结果为判断标准 ,得出如下结论 :进行 CSF收集或者测量 CSF压力时的穿刺部位 ,应选择在小脑延髓池处 ;怀疑颈部或前胸部脊髓有病变时 ,应在小脑延髓池处进行脊髓穿刺造影 ;怀疑为胸腰椎脊髓有病变时 ,脊髓造影应选择在腰椎 L 5～ 6之间 ,L 6～ 7也可以作为一种选择部位 ;穿刺过程中试验犬可以俯卧操作。另外 ,对穿刺器械的选择和使用也进行了分析     

脊髓造影诊断犬椎间盘疾病

脊髓造影(Myelography)是一种将造影剂注入蛛网膜下腔后再拍摄X线片的检查方法,此种检查方法根据造影剂的分布和充盈程度来诊断一系列脊髓相关疾病。本试验以临床病例为研究对象,结合X线平片和解剖(或手术)结果,考察脊髓造影在诊断犬椎间盘疾病时的诊断率和准确率,并对两种影像诊断方法进行比较。以期对椎间盘疾病的影像学诊断和选择通路手术治疗椎间盘疾病提供借鉴。1材料与方法1.1病例脊髓造影病例共33例,主要来自中国农业大学动物医院2003年10月到2005年12月之间,主人放弃治疗且怀疑患有椎间盘脊髓相关疾病的犬。其中有13例犬进行了解…     

犬正常脑脊液及脊髓造影时压力波的动态变化研究

用生理多导仪分别记录麻醉状态下正常犬脑脊液压力(CSFP)和麻醉状态下蛛网膜下腔注射造影剂时CSFP、呼吸和心跳的动态变化。发现CSFP受呼吸影响较大，一呼一吸为CSFP波的1个周期。其次，心跳也对波形产生影响。比较2种条件下的CSFP波，发现蛛网膜下腔注射造影剂可引起CSFP显著升高，且变化幅度显著增大。     

Clinical Technique: Myelography in Rabbits

Spinal disease in rabbits is most often the result of trauma; however, other causes have been reported including congenital defects and degenerative spinal diseases. Diagnosis of spinal disease is based on history, physical and neurologic examination findings, and imaging. Fractures and luxations of the spine are often apparent on plain radiographs; however, myelography is used to determine if the lesion is causing spinal cord compression that may be amenable to surgical decompression. Unless intervertebral discs are mineralized, they are not visible when viewing plain radiographic images; therefore, myelography may be useful to diagnose spinal cord compression from a herniated disc. Myelography can also define lesions that do not result in a disruption of the osseous vertebral architecture such as tumors and granulomas. In rabbits, myelography is performed when the animal is under general anesthesia and in lateral recumbency. A nonionic iodinated contrast agent is injected into the subarachnoid space, usually at the level of the lumbar spine, to outline the spinal cord and identify cord compressive or disruptive lesions.     

MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF SUBARACHNOID SPACE PUNCTURE IN THE DOG

Lumbar subarachnoid space puncture using two different techniques was performed repeatedly on a dog following injection of metrizamide into the subarachnoid space at the cervical cistern. The lumbar needle punctures were observed fluoroscopically and recorded on 100-mm spot films at a rate of 2/sec. The needle tip indented the dura, depressing it several millimeters before penetration. A hemilaminectomy was performed on a cadaver, to expose the cord and intact meninges for confirmation of this compression. Cord compression and penetration during subarachnoid space puncture may contribute to the exacerbation or aggravation of neurologic signs that sometimes follows myelography.     

Ultrasound-Guided Atlanto-Occipital Puncture for Myelography in the Horse

Complications of cervical myelography arising from the puncture of the subarachnoid space to collect the cerebrospinal fluid and to inject the contrast medium have been described in humans and animals. In this study, 2 ultrasound-guided procedures were developed for puncture of the atlanto-occipital subarachnoid space, collection of cerebrospinal fluid, and injection of contrast medium. Myelography was performed on 6 ataxic horses using these procedures. The first attempt to puncture the subarachnoid space was successful in 5 horses and in one horse, a second attempt was necessary. Collection of cerebrospinal fluid and injection of contrast medium were achieved without difficulty. Ultrasound-guided myelography allowed reduction of potential complications associated with blind percutaneous puncture of the subarachnoid space. Methods described in this study should be tried-at least initially in an experimental setting--to collect cerebrospinal fluid from the atlanto-occipital site in standing horses where it may represent an alternative method when lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid collection has been unsuccessful or contaminated with blood.     

IOHEXOL MYELOGRAPHY IN THE DOG

Myelography with iohexol (180 mg iodine/ml, 0.25 ml/kg), a new nonionic radiologic contrast medium, was performed in 100 dogs of 33 different breeds. In 96 of the dogs the iohexol mixed evenly with the cerebrospinal fluid, providing an homogeneous, continuous column of contrast medium within the subarachnoid space, and a radiologic diagnosis of a normal myelogram or disease involving the spinal cord was made. Pooling of iohexol in the dorsal part of the subarachnoid space occurred in four dogs; whether this was related to poor mixing of contrast medium with cerebrospinal fluid or disease of the spinal cord and meninges requires further study. Postmyelographic signs of central nervous system irritation (fasciculations of the temporal muscles and three episodes of seizure activity) were observed in only one dog and were controlled with diazepam. The presenting neurologic signs were aggravated after myelography in four other dogs, two of which were eventually killed. This study provided further evidence of the increased safety of iohexol compared with metrizamide, the first of the nonionic media, as a contrast medium for myelography in the dog.     

FLEXION-EXTENSION MYELOGRAPHY OF THE CANINE CAUDA EQUINA

The radiographic appearance of the canine dural end-sac and its behavior during flexion and extension of the spine is described in a myelographic study in 22 normal dogs and 26 dogs with cauda equina compression syndrome. In more than 80% of the dogs, the dural sac ended at the level of the sacrum. There were relatively large individual differences in shape and size of the dural end-sac. In contrast, shape, length, position, and diameter of the dural end-sac at the level of the lumbosacral articulation is extremely constant during flexion and extension in normal individuals. In the 26 dogs with lesions affecting the cauda equina and nerve roots between L6 and the first caudal vertebra, myelography was diagnostic in 21 dogs. Myelographic diagnosis of cauda equina compression was possible in seven dogs with spine in flexion. In 14 dogs, overextension of the spine and imaging in lateral and dorsal recumbency was necessary to establish a diagnosis. The five dogs with nondiagnostic myelograms had either a dural end-sac ending cranially to the lesion (two dogs), diseases not associated with compression (two dogs), or only slight indentations of the contrast medium column (one dog).     

犬源牛犬细小病毒和犬圆环病毒二联PCR检测方法的建立及应用

本研究旨在建立可同时检测犬源牛犬细小病毒(CBoV)和犬圆环病毒(CCV)的二联PCR检测方法,并对两种病毒病当前的流行情况进行监测和调查.分别将已发表的CBoV和CCV基因组序列进行同源性比对,选择高同源区段,应用Primer Primier 5计算机软件设计并合成了2对特异性扩增引物,目的片段大小分别为170 bp...     

犬瘟热—犬冠状病毒双重PCR诊断方法的建立及初步应用

Two pairs of PCR primers were designed according to sequence of canine distemper virus （CDV） and canine coronavirus （CCV） from GenBank, respectively, which could amplify 550 bp fragment for CDV and 225 bp fragment for CCV. The products of PCR were cloned to pMD18-T for sequencing, which proved to be specific. Positive plasma were developed for standard DNA, and the sensitivity result of duplex PCR showed that the method could amplify 0.1 ng/μL nucleic acid for both of viruses. The result of rudimentary application showed that the method was specific, sensitive, efficient, and was a new detecting method for the mixed infection of CDV and CCV.     

Canine nasal aspergillosis

Chronic nasal discharge is a common clinical sign of disease in dogs. Canine sinonasal aspergillosis is a relatively common disease in dogs. The three hallmarks of canine nasal aspergillosis are a profuse mucoid to hemorrhagic chronic nasal discharge that may alternate with periods of epistaxis, ulceration of the external nares with crusting, and pain or discomfort in the facial region. Diagnostic imaging (preferably computed tomography, CT) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is an important component of the evaluation of dogs with signs of nasal disease. Rhinoscopy is an important part of both the diagnosis and the therapy for nasal aspergillosis. Therapeutic recommendations for sinonasal aspergillosis have included surgery and the use of several systemic and topical antifungal drugs.