脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇与T-2毒素对热应激蛋鸡肠道屏障功能及内质网应激和炎症反应的影响

本试验旨在研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）与T-2毒素对热应激蛋鸡肠道屏障功能及内质网应激和炎症反应的影响。选择36周龄体重相近的京红1号蛋鸡96只，随机分成4组，每组8个重复，每个重复3只鸡。对照组（CON组）饲喂基础饲粮，DON组、T-2组、DON+T-2组分别在基础饲粮中添加3.00 mg/kg DON、 0.50 mg/kg T-2毒素、 1.50 mg/kg DON+0.25 mg/kg T-2毒素。预试期3 d，正试期28 d。试验期间白天平均温湿指数为84.87。结果表明：1）与CON组相比，T-2组十二指肠、空肠隐窝深度显著升高（P<0.05）,DON+T-2组空肠隐窝深度显著升高（P<0.05）,DON、T-2、DON+T-2组十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）值显著降低（P<0.05）,T-2、DON+T-2组空肠V/C值显著降低（P<0.05）,DON组回肠隐窝深度显著升高（P<0.05）。2）与CON组相比，DON、T-2、DON+T-2组血清脂多糖（LPS）含量显著升高（P<0.05）,DON+T-2组血清二胺氧化酶（DA...     

T-2毒素激活活性氧/核转录因子-κB信号通路诱导猪空肠上皮细胞发生炎性反应

本试验以猪空肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)为模型细胞,探讨T-2毒素诱导IPEC-J2炎性反应的影响及相关作用机制.通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)方法测定细胞活力,选择适宜的T-2毒素和N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)浓度.试验分为4个组,分别为对照组、NAC组(4.0 mmol/L NAC)、T-2组(4.0 ng/mL...     

Interaction of T-2 fusariotoxin and monensin in broiler chickens infected with Coccidia

Field observations suggest that coccidiosis is a common cause of death in broiler chicken flocks fed diets containing sufficient amounts of ionophore antibiotics (monensin, narasin, etc.) and contaminated with mycotoxins, particularly with T-2 fusariotoxin. To study this phenomenon, broiler chickens fed diets containing different amounts of T-2 toxin and free from monensin, or containing a preventive dose (100 mg/kg of feed) of monensin, were infected experimentally with coccidian oocysts. In all groups fed a diet containing monensin plus T-2 toxin severe clinical symptoms of coccidiosis (blood-stained faeces etc). occurred. Deaths and retarded growth depended on the toxin dose and were considerable. The body mass gain of chicks fed a diet containing monensin and T-2 toxin but not infected with coccidia was inferior to that of groups fed diets which contained either monensin or T-2 toxin (experiment 2). On the basis of these findings a negative interaction of the two compounds is assumed. This seems to be supported by the results of experiment 3, i. e. the finding that the lethal dose of narasin, a compound closely related to monensin both in chemical structure and mechanism of action, proved to be much lower (LD50 = 102 mg/kg body mass) for chickens fed a diet supplemented with T-2 toxin than for the control chickens (LD50 = 176 mg/kg body mass). The present results suggest that the feeding of diets severely contaminated with T-2 toxin may alter the anticoccidial efficacy of monensin.     

几种中草药提取物对感染产气梭菌肉鸡生长性、血液生化指标及肠道组织学的影响

本试验将560只Ross 308肉鸡随机分为7组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。各组日粮处理如下:对照组饲喂基础日粮,未感染产气梭菌,T1组感染产气梭菌,T2组感染产气梭菌+0.2 g/kg阿维霉素,T3组感染产气梭菌+0.40 g/kg百里香酚,T4组感染产气梭菌+0.2 g/kg血根碱,T5组感染产气梭菌+0.5 g/kg香芹酚、肉桂醛和辣椒素混合物,T6组感染产气梭菌+0.2 g/kg百里香酚和茴香混合物。结果显示:T2组第3周料重比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。T1组屠宰率显著下降(P<0.05),小肠重量显著增加(P<0.05)。第4周时,T6组血液总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05),T5组肝脏谷丙转氨酶活力显著升高(P<0.05)。T5和T6组硫代巴比妥酸反应物含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。同样,T5和T6组绒毛高度和隐窝深度也显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,与抗生素相比,肉鸡日粮添加中草药制剂在维持产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡生长性能和血液生化特性方面具有应用的优势。     

Course of infection and immune responses in the respiratory tract of IBV infected broilers after superinfection with E. coli

Colibacillosis results from infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Healthy broilers are resistant to inhaled E. coli, but previous infection with vaccine or virulent strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) predisposes birds for severe colibacillosis. The aim of this study was to investigate how IBV affects the course of events upon infection with E. coli. Broilers were inoculated with IBV H120 vaccine virus or virulent M41 and challenged 5 days later with E. coli 506. A PBS and E. coli group without previous virus inoculation were included. Sections of trachea, lung and airsacs were stained for CD4, CD8, gammadelta-TCR, alphabeta1-TCR, and for macrophages (KUL-01) and both pathogens. Changes in the mucociliary barrier of trachea, lung and airsacs did not predispose for bacterial superinfection. The disease in the lungs of the E. coli group and both IBV/E. coli groups was similar. Lesions in the airsacs were more pronounced and of longer duration in the IBV/E. coli groups. The immunocytological changes differed substantially between the E. coli group and both IBV/E. coli groups. In trachea, lungs and airsacs the CD4+ and CD8+ populations were significantly larger than in the E. coli and PBS groups. In the lungs and the airsacs the macrophages were more numerous in the IBV/E. coli and the E. coli groups than in the PBS group. The presence of high numbers of T cells and macrophages in IBV infected birds most likely induced an altered immune response, which is responsible for the enhanced clinical signs of colibacillosis.     

益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响.选用48头平均体重为(6.39±0.42)kg的(21±2)日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按性别、体重和窝源基本一致的原则随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,试验2组为益生菌组,每kg基础饲粮中添加1×109 CFU活菌.试验期为21 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加益生菌制剂可显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P＜0.05),并显著降低料重比和腹泻率(P＜0.05);2)与对照组相比,添加益生菌制剂可以显著提高仔猪断奶后第7天血清白介素-1β水平,显著提高断奶后第21天血清免疫球蛋白G含量、白介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平及回肠黏膜分泌性免疫球蛋白A含量(P＜0.05),空肠分泌性免疫球蛋白A含量稍高于对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05),粪便免疫球蛋白A含量及外周血T淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+无显著差异(P＞0.05).由结果可知,益生菌制剂可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,增强早期断奶仔猪的免疫力,有效缓解早期断奶应激引起的仔猪免疫功能下降.     

葡萄籽原花青素对高精料育肥羔羊免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究葡萄籽原花青素(GSPs)对高精料育肥羔羊免疫功能的影响。试验选取48只4月龄、体重[(22.75±1.20)kg]相近的杜寒杂交一代公羔羊,随机分为4组,每组12只羊。各组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、10(10GSPs组)、20(20GSPs组)、40 mg/(kg BW·d)(40GSPs组)的GSPs。预试期15 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:1)正试期第30天,20GSPs和40GSPs组外周血中CD4^+T细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8^+T细胞比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。正试期第45天,20GSPs和40GSPs组外周血中CD8^+T细胞比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CD4^+T细胞比例及CD4^+/CD8^+比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)随着GSPs添加水平的增加,外周血淋巴细胞转化率线性升高(P<0.05),淋巴细胞凋亡率线性降低(P<0.05)。20GSPs和40GSPs组的外周血淋巴细胞转化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),淋巴细胞凋亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)随着GSPs添加水平的增加,血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量有线性升高的趋势(P=0.057),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量有线性降低的趋势(P=0.074),但各组间血清IL-2、IL-6含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。20GSPs和40GSPs组血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着GSPs添加水平的增加,血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量线性增加(P<0.05);20GSPs组血清IgG含量显著高于10GSPs和对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,高精料饲粮条件下添加适量的GSPs可以改善羔羊的免疫功能,本试验条件下GSPs的适宜添加水平为20 mg/(kg BW·d)。     

不同来源传染性支气管炎病毒诱导SPF鸡发病的免疫机制研究

试验旨在探讨不同来源的传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)诱导SPF鸡发病的免疫机制。选用140只1日龄SPF白来航鸡,随机分为4组,3组攻毒组通过滴鼻点眼途径分别接种鸡源IBV强毒株、鸡源IBV弱毒株和野鸡源IBV毒株3个毒株,对照组以同种方式接种等量灭菌的磷酸盐缓冲液。在感染后12 h、36 h、72 h、7 d和14 d,每组随机选取5只进行剖检,并分别采集法氏囊、肾脏和气管组织,剩余鸡用于观察临床症状、发病及死亡情况。应用实时荧光定量PCR检测攻毒后不同时间点采集的各组织中IBV的病毒载量、Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)及部分细胞因子(白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)和干扰素(interferon,IFN))表达量的变化。结果显示,感染不同来源IBV毒株之后仅鸡源IBV强毒株感染组SPF鸡出现抑郁、翅膀下垂、甩头等典型的临床症状,且在感染后5~10 d共有7只死亡,死亡率为20%。病理剖检发现,感染鸡源IBV强毒株的鸡肾脏肿大、尿酸盐沉积和有花斑样病变,而感染野鸡源IBV毒株、鸡源IBV弱毒株和对照组的鸡无明显的眼观病变。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在鸡源IBV强毒株组的法氏囊、肾脏和气管3个组织中均检测到病毒。对照组和野鸡源IBV毒株组中均未检测到病毒,鸡源IBV弱毒株组只在部分组织中检测到病毒。在感染后72 h,鸡源IBV强毒株组与其他各组相比,TLR1、TLR2、TLR3、TLR5、TLR7和TLR15基因在法氏囊中的表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),IL-6和IFN-β参与更强烈的抗病毒免疫反应;在感染后7 d,鸡源IBV弱毒株组与其他各组相比,肾脏中TLR2、TLR3、TLR15、TLR21、IL-6和IL-18基因表达量均显著升高(P<0.05)。野鸡源IBV感染后36 h法氏囊组织中IFN-γ基因表达量显著上调(P<0.05)。综上所述,3个IBV毒株中仅鸡源IBV强毒感染引起SPF鸡典型临床发病症状与可视组织病变,且可提高SPF鸡组织中免疫相关因子的基因表达量。本研究结果揭示,不同来源的IBV对SPF鸡的不同致病性与其感染诱导的免疫反应不同有关。     

五味子、柠檬酸对断奶仔猪血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响

选择28日龄断奶二元杂交(长白×大约克)仔猪48头,断奶体重(7.4±0.6)kg,平均分为4个组,每组3个重复,每重复4头(公、母各半),研究日粮中添加五味子(SC)、柠檬酸(CA)对断奶仔猪血清生化指标以及免疫功能的影响。试验组分别添加1%CA、0.5%SC、1%CA+0.5%SC,对照组为玉米-豆粕型基础日粮。结果表明:与对照组相比,CA+SC组血清尿素氮(BUN)水平和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),SC组血清BUN水平和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P<0.05),ALT活性极显著降低(P<0.01)。CA+SC组T3水平显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,SC组血清中猪瘟抗体效价、IgG和IgA水平显著提高(P<0.05)。SC组、CA+SC组血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Comparison of effects of dietary T-2 toxin on growth, immunogenic organs, antibody formation, and pathologic changes in turkeys and chickens.

The effect of T-2 toxin (trichothecene mycotoxin) consumption on Broad-Breasted White turkey poults and White Leghorn chicks was studied. Groups of ten 8-day-old poults were fed rations containing T-2 at 10 ppm, 2ppm, or 0 ppm (controls) for a period of 4 weeks; a 4th group (inanition control) was fed control rations equal to the amount consumed by the group fed rations containing T-2 at 10 ppm during the previous 24 hours. A similar experimental design was used to study the effect of the toxin on 1-day-old chicks. The thymus glands of the poults given the feed containing 10 ppm were markedly decreased in size compared with thymus glands from poults in the control group, 0.182 vs 0.331 (percentage of body weight). There was no significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) decrease in thymus gland size in poults given 2 ppm or in the inanition controls. Dietary treatment did not appear to affect the size of the bursa or spleen of the poults. Histopathologic examination of thymus glands from poults given 10 ppm of T-2 revealed a depletion of cortical lymphocytes. Chicks appeared less sensitive to T-2 toxin than did the poults. There was no effect by any dietary treatment on the size of the thymus gland, bursa, or spleen of chicks. Reductions were noticed in feed efficiency and weight gain. There was no effect of T-2 toxin on agglutinating antibody formation to Pasteurella multocida bacterin.     

Effects of treatment of growing swine with aflatoxin and T-2 toxin

Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and T-2 toxin, singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred (Yorkshire x Landrace x Hampshire) pigs. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 6 barrows each fed diets containing 0 mg of AF and T-2/kg of feed (controls; group 1), 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed (group 2), 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (group 3), or 2.5 mg of AF plus 10 mg of T-2/kg of feed (AF + T-2; group 4) ad libitum for 28 days (7 to 11 weeks of age). Production performance, and serum biochemical, and hematologic evaluations were made weekly. Body weight and body weight gain were depressed by all toxin treatments, but the effect of AF and T-2 toxin in combination was less than additive. Liver and kidney weights, as a percentage of body weight, were increased by AF treatment, and heart weight, as a percentage of body weight, was increased by T-2 treatment. Treatment with T-2 toxin induced necrotizing contact dermatitis on the snout, buccal commissures, and prepuce. Consumption of AF resulted in increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, cholinesterase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and decreased serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Consumption of T-2 toxin resulted in increased serum triglyceride concentration and decreased serum iron concentration. Treatment with AF induced lower serum unsaturated iron-binding capacity and high RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, and prothrombin time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

补饲马铃薯藤对山羊生长性能、消化率和胴体特征的影响

本研究旨在探讨马铃薯藤饲喂水平对山羊生长性能、养分消化率和胴体特征的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（14.42±0.24）kg的40头山羊随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复2头。T1组仅饲喂干草,T2组饲喂干草+100%马铃薯藤,T3组饲喂干草+50%马铃薯藤+50%浓缩料,T4组饲喂100%浓缩料。在为期10周的饲养试验后屠宰,分析胴体特征。结果：T2～T4组山羊的末重、增重、日增重和饲料效率显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）,其中T1组山羊的日增重和增重均表现出负增长。T2～T4组山羊的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和代谢能摄入量均显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）,但T2和T3组山羊中性洗涤纤维摄入量显著高于T1和T4组（P＜0.05）。T2、T3和T4组山羊干物质和有机物表观消化率显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）,T4组山羊粗蛋白表观消化率显著高于T1和T2组（P＜0.05）。T2、T3和T4组山羊屠体重、热胴体重、眼肌面积、可食用内脏和不可食用内脏重量均显著高于T1组（P＜0.05）。T3组山羊的屠宰率显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）。结论：在干草为基础的日粮中添加马铃薯藤可以提高山羊采食量、饲料转换率、养分消化率、屠宰率和胴体特征。 [关键词]马铃薯藤|山羊|生长性能|消化率|胴体特征     

青蒿组方对球虫感染雏鸡血液中CD4^+和CD8^+T淋巴细胞的影响试验

为研究青蒿组方中药对鸡免疫力的影响,试验选取14日龄三黄鸡120只,平均分为4组:感染给药组(1组),感染不给药组(2组),不感染给药组(3组),不感染不给药组(4组).感染组人工接种柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊.接种后第4、7、10 d运用流式细胞仪测定各组鸡血液中CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞值及二者的比值.结果:1组CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞值及其比例在接种后第4、7、10 d均高于2组,差异显著(P<0.05);2组CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞平均比值低于其他3个组.结论:青蒿组方中药可促进鸡血液中CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞生成,进而增强机体的免疫功能.     

大豆异黄酮抗霉变饲料对肉鸡的影响及机制

将150只8日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每次重复6只鸡。处理1组饲喂正常饲粮(阳性对照),处理2组为10%霉变玉米替代处理1组中正常玉米(阴性对照),处理3、4、5组分别在处理2组基础上添加100、200 mg/kg的大豆异黄酮和0.05%的膨润土。结果显示,与阳性对照组比较,处理2组显著地降低了肉鸡的采食量、日增重,增加了料肉比(P<0.05);显著地提高了血清中AST、ALT、AKP和LDH的浓度(P<0.05);同时降低了肝脏和血清中GSH-PX、SOD的活性(P<0.05)。大豆异黄酮和膨润土的添加显著地提高了肉鸡采食量、日增重(P<0.05),降低了料肉比(P<0.05);同时降低了血清中AST、ALT、AKP和LDH的浓度(P<0.05);大豆异黄酮的添加还显著地提高了肝脏和血清中GSH-PX、SOD的活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,大豆异黄酮显著地抑制了霉菌毒素对肉鸡肝功能和生长性能的影响。     

中药复方紫石散对肉鸡免疫效果的影响

本实验目的是为了研究中药组方紫石散对肉鸡免疫效果的影响。试验用6日龄同一品种,体重接近,健康肉雏鸡作为实验动物150羽,随机分为5个处理组,饲喂低(1.0%)、中(1.5%)、高(3.0%)三种剂量浓度紫石散,连续灌服药物一星期。在13日龄、20日龄、27日龄、34日龄翅静脉采血,检测IBDV抗体含量,以及应用流式细胞仪(Flow Cytometry,FCM)检测外周血中CD4+,CD8+的含量。结果表明,在用药一周后IBDV抗体含量增加,CD4+,CD8+和CD4CD8均有明显提高,中高剂量组提高显著P<0.05,并且体现出明显的剂量依赖性。说明中药方剂紫石散具有明显促进免疫的作用。     

百香果籽提取物对肉兔生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化指标的影响

文章旨在评估饲料添加不同水平百香果籽提取物对肉兔生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化指标的影响.试验将144只50?d平均体重为(668.38±1.55)g的肉兔随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只肉兔.在为期7周的饲养期间,对照组肉兔饲喂基础日粮,T1和T2组肉兔分别饲喂基础日粮+100和200?mg/kg百香果籽提取物....     

Effect of Synbiotic and Antibacterial Peptide on Colibacillosis and Immune Regulation in Broiler Chickens

This experiment was to study the effect of synbiotic and antibacterial peptide on growth performance,and the immune regulation of broiler chickens after the E.coli O78 attack. Totally 100 broilers of health 1-day-old Ross 308 were randomly divided into four treatment groups:Synbiotic group (group S) was fed with basal diet+0.3% synbiotic;Antibacterial peptides group (group AP) was fed with basal diet+0.5% antibacterial peptide; Antibacterial peptide+synbiotic group (group SAP) was fed with basal diet+0.3% synbiotic+0.5% antibacterial peptide;Control group (group C) was fed with basal diet,and the growth performance were determined. At the 14th day,10 chickens from each group were randomly selected for muscle injection with E.coli O78 (the attacked control group was named as model group (group M)),and after 24 h,the morbidity,mortality and immune function of chickens in each group were determined. The results showed that compared with control group,the F/G and ADF of groups S and AP were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Before E.coli O78 attack,the bursa index of group SAP was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),and other groups had no significant difference (P>0.05);While after the E.coli O78 attack,the thymus,spleen and bursa indexes of groups S and AP were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),the spleen and bursa indexes of group SAP were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),and the thymus index showed no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with the group M,the IgA,sIgA and IL-10 of group S showed no significant difference (P>0.05),while the IL-6 levels decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01);The IgA and IL-6 of group AP were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),meanwhile the sIgA and IL-10 were significantly or extremely significantly higher (P<0.05;P<0.01); The changed trend of SAP group was the same as the group AP.In conclusion,the synbiotic and antibacterial peptide could improve the feed conversion rate of chickens and they were used alone or combination all could improved chicken immune function after the bacteria attack.     

The effects of dietary T-2 toxin on acute herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice

Young male white Swiss mice were fed control diet or diet supplemented with 20 or 10 parts per million (ppm) of T-2 toxin for two or three weeks. These mice then were inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (9.6 x 10(6) plaque forming units) intraperitoneally. To compare the effects of T-2 toxin against a known immunosuppressive drug, cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg, 24 hours after treatment with HSV-1, into mice fed the control diet. Mice were necropsied and tissues were collected for microscopic and virologic examination. White Swiss mice which consumed a daily diet containing 20 ppm of T-2 toxin for two or three weeks were highly susceptible to HSV-1 infection and 27 of 36 (75%) died as a result of extensive hepatic and adrenal necrosis. Although HSV-1 was isolated from livers and brains of mice fed 20 ppm of T-2 toxin for two or three weeks, there was little or no inflammatory response found in the adrenals, livers, spinal cords, brains, or ganglia. The necrotizing encephalomyelitis observed in control mice was absent. High levels of dietary T-2 toxin appeared to be more immunosuppressive than cyclophosphamide because only one mouse died after treatment with HSV-1 and cyclophosphamide. Mice treated with cyclophosphamide had changes in brain, spinal cord, spleens, thymus, and bone marrow which were similar to those fed 20 ppm of T-2 toxin and infected with HSV-1, however, liver lesions were much less severe. HSV-1-infected mice on a diet with 10 ppm T-2 toxin had lesions of intermediate severity when compared with HSV-1-infected mice fed a diet with 20 ppm T-2 toxin and HSV-1-infected mice on control diets. Necrosis was less extensive in the livers and adrenals. The infrequent isolation of virus from liver and brain was consistent with the lack of intranuclear inclusion bodies and a more marked inflammatory response. Ten ppm of dietary T-2 toxin only depressed bone marrow and splenic red pulp to a mild or moderate degree. This may have enhanced the necrotizing encephalomyelitis observed in mice killed on days 6 and 8 after HSV-1 infection. Liver lesions were mild and those of the adrenals were moderate in mice fed control diet. The rare isolation of HSV-1 from the liver and brain and the findings of a moderate to severe necrotizing encephalomyelitis in these mice was consistent with an essentially functional immune system.     

Characterization of the toxicity of the mycotoxins aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and T-2 toxin in game birds. I. Chukar partridge

Chukar partridges were fed diets containing 1.25, 2.5, or 5 ppm aflatoxin; 1, 2, or 4 ppm ochratoxin A (OA); or 4, 8, or 16 ppm T-2 toxin. Toxin-induced mortality was seen during the third week with 4 ppm OA (12.5%) and 16 ppm T-2 toxin (15%), compared with the mortality in control chukars fed no toxin (2.5%). Body weights were significantly decreased by the highest level of aflatoxin at 3 weeks of age, by the highest level of OA by 2 weeks of age, and by 8 and 16 ppm T-2 toxin by 1 week of age. Aflatoxin did not affect liver weight and OA did not increase kidney weight in 3-week-old chukars. There was a slight decrease in kidney weight in chukars fed 4 ppm OA; however, the decrease was related to the decrease in body weight produced by the toxin. Mouth lesions were seen at all levels of T-2 toxin fed.     

红棕油对肉鸭生长性能、肠道发育、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究红棕油对肉鸭生长性能、肠道发育、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄健康、体重为(50±2) g的樱桃谷肉鸭640羽,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复16羽(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂添加0.45%棕榈油的基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂添加0.15%红棕油+0.30%棕榈油的基础饲粮,试验2组饲喂添加0.30%红棕油+0.15%棕榈油的基础饲粮,试验3组饲喂添加0.45%红棕油的基础饲粮。试验期为42 d。结果表明：1)在1～21日龄,试验2组平均日采食量极显著高于试验3组(P<0.01)。在1～42日龄,试验3组平均日采食量极显著低于其他各组(P<0.01),试验3组平均日增重显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。对照组肉鸭死亡率极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。2)与对照组相比,试验1和2组空肠绒毛高度极显著升高(P<0.01),试验1组空肠隐窝深度极显著升高(P<0.01),试验2组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验1和2组回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著升高(P<0.01)。3...