日光温室草莓栽培技术

在"反季蔬果"市场销路越来越好的背景下,草莓等蔬果越来越多地开始采用温室栽培方式,采用日光温室草莓栽培技术不仅能大大提高草莓产量,而且能有效减少劳动力的投入。以草莓温室栽培为研究对象,浅析了常见的草莓栽培管理技术要点,供参考。     

日光温室草莓无公害栽培技术

目前草莓生产多以日光温室栽培为主，日光温室栽培的目的是促使草莓早熟，实现反季节生产。满足生产淡季的市场需求。为提高草莓的产量和品质，我们进行了草莓脱毒组培育苗和无公害生产配套技术研究，并取得了较好的效果。植株感病率从原来的30％下降到2％，且呈连续现蕾的趋势．单株有效结果数29个．比对照增加10个．大、中果比例增加，平均单果重增加15．3g，每666．7m^2产量达2000kg．产果季节延长1～2个月，草莓鲜果品质明显提高。同时，由于限制了化肥和农药使用，农药残留问题得到解决，每666．7m^2生产成本减少500多元。现将栽培技术要点总结如下。     

草莓日光温室丰产栽培技术

<正>2008～2010年我们在枣庄市姜屯镇张园村采用保护地栽培草莓,亩产量达4000千克左右,产值2万～3万元,经济效益显著,现将其栽培技术总结如下:1.品种选择日光温室栽培草莓所选品种为日本九九。该品种生长势强,株态直立,易于栽培管理;果个大,最大单果重     

日光温室草莓健身栽培技术

传统的日光温室草莓栽培中存在因化肥农药投入量过大而导致植株不健康、果实农药检出率高的现象,采用草莓健身栽培技术,即选择优良品种、培育脱毒苗、优化土壤生态、科学定植和精细管理,可以使草莓苗在进入生产温室后不受化学物质的刺激,使植株保持健康生长发育状态,保障草莓果实的食品安全。文章分析了日光温室草莓健身栽培技术要点,以供参考。     

日光温室番茄多次换头周年栽培技术

番茄是日光温室(冬暖大棚)的主栽品种之一。在全县日光温室番茄栽培中，全部推广了番茄多次换头栽培技术。该技术有以下优点：一是番茄栽培达到周年生产，淡季不淡，弥补季节不足：二是日光温室设施得到充分利用：三是产量高，经济效益明显。番茄从播种到拉秧．按其生长发育过程．可分三个阶段，苗期     

日光温室番茄高产栽培技术

在高寒高纬度地区——塔额盆地探索日光温室番茄高产栽培技术获得成功 ,这是农九师一六九团走城郊经济高效农业的新起点。 2 0 0 1年在兵团大力支持下 ,投资新建四座日光温室大棚 ,当年种植就获得成功 ;2 0 0 2年师党委又决定在团结农场 ,一六九团各新建 1 0 0座日光温室大棚以     

Effect of in vitro propagation methods on field performance of two strawberry cultivars

Summary Strawberry cultivars, Redcoat and Veestar, propagated by meristem culture (MC), callus culture (CC) and direct shoot regeneration (DR) from leaf disks were compared for their vegetative and reproductive characters with standard runner (SR) propagated plants under field conditions. In the planting year, in vitro propagated plants of both cultivars had the same number of leaves as SR plants, but in vitro propagated Redcoat produced fewer stolons per plant than SR plants. However, in the following year, in vitro propagated mother plants of both cultivars had more leaves and higher runner production than SR mother plants. Flowering and fruiting behaviour of Veestar was not appreciably influenced by in vitro propagation methods. However, in vitro propagated plants of Redcoat flowered earlier and produced more flowers and fruits than SR plants, but still maintained normal berry weight. Among in vitro propagated plants, DR plants of Redcoat were the earliest to flower, whereas MC plants produced more flowers and fruits. The field performance of the first daughter plants derived from the in vitro propagated plants was consistent with their respective mother plants. Leaf shape of both cultivars was not altered by in vitro propagation. Phenotypic abnormalities were mainly confined to occurrence of yellow leaf variants in MC and CC plants and occasional appearance of plants with irregular flowering and growth habit among CC plants.NRCC No. 38004     

The use of synthetic octoploids in strawberry breeding

Summary A number of methods of producing synthetic octoploids from Fragaria species of lower levels of ploidy are described. Six synthetic octoploids were produced from various combinations involving one hexaploid species, two tetraploid species and four diploid species. Three of the synthetic octoploids are male fertile and were used successfully as male parents in crosses with octoploid strawberry cultivars.     

提高哈密瓜杂交制种质量的技术措施

哈密瓜是新疆重要的经济作物之一,随着农业产业化进程的发展和农业产业结构的不断调整,哈密瓜的市场需求量越来越大,种植面积也不断扩大.目前生产上使用的哈密瓜品种基本上都是杂交种,杂种优势的利用比较普遍.哈密瓜作为瓜果中的精品对果实性状表现要求比较严格且种子成本较高,杂交种种子质量的好坏直接影响瓜的商品性和产量.哈密瓜杂交种种子质量指标除了主要包括纯度、净度、含水量和发芽率等指标外,作为商品种子还应注重籽粒整齐度、光泽、色泽、千粒重及种子健康状况等指标.前四项指标是国家种子法规定的硬性指标,其中一项不合格就不能上市交易.目前许多制种单位只注重种子质量的前四项指标而忽视了后者,而且制种生产程序尤其是杂交种亲本种子的生产不规范,杂交种制种技术指导和种子质量管理还存在一些问题.因此提高哈密瓜杂交制种的质量,应重点从抓亲本种子质量、严格制种技术、种子质量检测和质量管理方面入手.     

The viability and storage of strawberry pollen

Investigations were carried out in 1990 and 1991 to estimate the pollen viability of five strawberry genotypes and their suitability for storage. Pollen viability was assessed by acetocarmine staining, in vitro germination, and in vivo assays. Pollen was stored in darkness at ?18°C for 1 year, and pollen viability was estimated every 4 months during storage. The highest percentage of stained and in vitro germinated pollen grains, respectively, was shown by fresh pollen of cv. ‘Dukat’ (91 and 45%). The lowest values of these characteristics were observed in pollen of cv. ‘Paula’ (48% and 20%, respectively). The best response to storage at ?18°C occurred in pollen of the breeding clone ‘B-302’ and the cv. ‘Redgauntlet’. ‘Paula’ pollen responded least favourably to this. Pollen of the cvs. ‘Dukaf’. ‘Senga Sengana’, and clone ‘B-302’ after storage for 4 months, still had sufficient capacity for fruit set after cross-pollinations.     

苯酚染色测定小麦种子纯度的技术要点与存在问题

苯酚染色属化学测纯方法,它是利用苯酚溶液的蒸气与果皮成分发生化学反应而表现特定的颜色,品种不同果皮有着不同的显色反应,从而将混杂的异品种种子区别开来达到测定种子纯度的目的.     

青稞品种北青9号的种植表现及栽培技术要点

通过分析北青9号青稞品种在青海省门源地区连续几年的示范种植表现,得出该品种高产、多抗的表现评价,为今后大面积推广种植提供了科学依据。并结合几年的实践和摸索,从备耕、播种、田间管理、收获等方面总结了该品种相关丰产栽培技术要点。     

Accelerated flowering of strawberry seedlings

For shortening the life-cycle of strawberry plants a combination of seed- and plant treatment was applied to seeds and resulting seedlings of the varieties Climax, Jucunda and Deutsch Evern.Of the seed treatments applied, a cold treatment of 16 days at 3–5°C produced a very bad germination. A treatment with H₂SO₄ 96% gave a more rapid germination and a considerably higher percentage of germination.Seedlings with three trifoliate leaves cannot be induced to flower by short-day treatment. For an effective short-day treatment of Deutsch Evern at least five and with Climax and Jucunda at least seven trifoliate leaves should be formed prior to short-day treatment. The freshly harvested seed from seedlings forced to rapid flowering has normal germination power.Through a combination of sulfuric acid treatment of the seed and a short-day treatment of the seedlings as soon as the latter have become sensitive, the life-cycle can be shortened from 18–24 months to 8–9 months.

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Publikatie 175     

美国高灌蓝莓的引进及微体快繁技术研究

以从美国引进的高灌蓝莓为材料，进行微体快繁技术研究。在改良WPM 玉米素0．5～2．0mg／L的增殖培养基上，新梢增殖30～50倍；在1／2改良WPM IBA0．1mg／L的生根培养基上，生根率达30％～70％；采用1：1的草炭土与河沙做基质移栽炼苗，成活率达50％以上。     

冬暖大棚西瓜座果难的原因及解决途径

近年来,随着种植业结构的调整,反季节保护地西瓜因上市时间错开大路西瓜集中上市期,卖价高、效益好而越来越受到瓜农的注意,种植面积也逐年稳步增加,但冬暖大棚西瓜生产中座果率不高的问题严重地影响了大棚西瓜的产量和效益.