玉米核不育突变体K305ms主要性状配合力及产量杂种优势研究

为明确K305ms的应用潜力,选用雄性不育突变体K305ms群体中不育株(msms)、可育株(Msms)和野生型K305(Ms Ms)3种基因型的植株,以及与10个测验种采用不完全双列杂交组配的30个组合为材料,分析比较3种基因型对玉米主要性状配合力和杂种优势的影响。结果表明,K305ms群体中不育株和可育株在所考察性状上均无显著差异。与野生型K305相比,不育株单株叶面积极显著增加,雄穗变小,穗长极显著增加,出籽率和百粒重极显著减小,单株产量等其余性状差异均不显著;不育株穗行数一般配合力表现极显著正效应,而秃尖长等4个性状一般配合力则呈极显著负效应,其可育株与不育株性状一般配合力的表现趋势基本一致,K305ms在增加杂交组合穗行数和缩短秃尖长方面具有较好的潜力。3种不同基因型组配的同型杂交组合中,多数组合单株产量特殊配合力在不同地点表现正负效应不同,说明母本育性基因型差异与产量特殊配合力高低并无必然联系;其多数组合单株产量的对照优势差异不显著,表现与地点间存在极显著的互作关系,表明实践上需要严格的多生态比较鉴定。综合分析表明,K305ms具有进一步研究和开发利用前景。本研究为突变体K305ms在玉米不育化育种和生产中的应用奠定了基础。     

五个小麦优异突变体八个农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力分析

本试验选用５个性状各有特色的小麦优异突变体进行双列杂交（无反交）。利用１０个组合Ｆ１和５个亲本材料研究了８个农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力。Ｆ１显性程度表明：除抽穗期以负向优势为主外，其余７个性状均以正向优势占主导。亲本本身表现与一般配合力效应大小呈显相关，但一般配合力效应大小与杂种优势的表现并不完全一致。作为种质资源，矮秆突变体８９０３７６对降低后代株高最有利，大粒突变体核生二号最有利于提高后代的     

糯玉米淀粉RVA黏度性状配合力与杂种优势分析

蒸煮食味品质是评价鲜食糯玉米品种优劣的核心指标。为探究糯玉米蒸煮品质性状的配合力、杂种优势及与亲本遗传距离关系,本研究选用55个糯玉米自交系,采用NCⅡ设计组配的156个杂交组合,研究其快速黏度分析（RVA）特征谱配合力效应并结合单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记,分析遗传距离与杂种优势、配合力的相关性。结果表明,在被测自交系中,ZFF、XH55和NFHH一般配合力效应较高,利用其组配的杂交组合峰值黏度也普遍较高,说明利用这3个自交系组配杂交组合后代产生优势杂交种的潜力较大。相关性分析结果发现,SNP分子标记遗传距离与RVA黏度性状杂种优势显著相关,但相关系数普遍偏低（0.162～0.345）,说明遗传距离对糯玉米杂交组合RVA黏度性状的预测具有一定的价值,但遗传距离与F1黏度性状之间的相关程度不足以准确预测杂种优势。另外,亲本的总配合力和特殊配合力与杂种优势显著相关,决定系数也较高,变幅在-0.781～0.830和-0.662～0.786。结果表明,在预测糯玉米黏度性状的杂种优势时,不能只依靠遗传距离,还应重点考虑亲本的配合力。本研究为后续优质糯玉米品种选育提供了亲本以及杂交组配的理论依据...     

谷子两系杂交组合的杂种优势及亲本配合力分析

为了解谷子两系杂种优势的亲本配合力遗传基础,本研究利用5个不育系和8个恢复系按NCII不完全双列杂交组配40份(5×8)杂种F₁,对11个谷子主要农艺性状的杂种优势及配合力进行分析。结果表明,谷子两系杂交组合在穗长、穗粗、千粒重、分蘖性、单穗重、单穗粒重和产量7个性状中存在广泛的超亲优势,但除千粒重外,其余性状的显著超亲组合数较少。杂交组合的单穗重和单穗粒重与产量极显著相关,且相关系数较高。对优异亲本进行筛选发现,A2和R3为一般配合力(GCA)较好亲本,A1、A2为GCA产量效应优异亲本,A1×R3、A2×R8、A3×R5、A3×R7和A5×R1为产量特殊配合力(SCA)效应较优组合。对产量强优势组合的配合力进行分析,发现优异的两系杂交组合中包含至少1个GCA较高的亲本或拥有较高的SCA。本研究结果为谷子优异两系杂交组合的亲本选配提供了一定的理论依据。     

五对小麦品种和突变体农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力效应比较分析

以５对小麦材料及其相应的突变体为参试亲本，组配成两套２×４ＮＣⅡ交配设计，对其Ｆ１的优势及配合力效应进行了对比分析，结果表明：除抽穗期的超中亲优势在第Ⅱ套组合中为负值外，其它性状的超中亲优势均为正值，一般而言，以突变体作亲本，其后代的实际表面优于以原始材料作亲本。８９００１８×７８－１－１和８９０１７４×核生２号两个组合对改善后代穗部性状最为有利。原丰５号×掖农７８－１和鲁麦２０号×原丰５号两个组     

主成分累计贡献率和性状选择对苦瓜遗传距离与产量杂种优势关系的影响

将9个苦瓜高世代自交系分成两组,按不完全双列杂交设计配制18个杂交组合。以茎粗、叶长、节间长、第一雌花节位、播种-始花天数和冷害指数等6个反映苦瓜植株形态、熟性和生态适应性的性状为基础性状组,当构成遗传相关系数矩阵的性状数目依次从6个增加到1 2个时,7组遗传距离在累计贡献率70%~95%内表现稳定,累计贡献率大于95%时表现不稳定。遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间的相关系数在7个和8个性状时最大,随性状数目增加,相关系数减小。对7个和8个性状在主成分累计贡献率70%~85%时的遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间的关系进行了线性回归分析,回归方程分别为Y=0.1293 0.0284X和Y=0.1867 0.0324X,均达到极显著水平。     

苦瓜主要经济性状配合力和遗传相关的研究

6个绿苦瓜自交系分成两组，按不完整双列杂交设计配制9个组合，对苦瓜第一雌花平均节位、雌花数、单果质量、果长、果径和果肉厚等6个经济性状的配合力和遗传相关进行了研究。结果表明：第1组亲本A1、A2和A3仅在果长、果径和果肉厚3个性状上一般配合力效应差异极显著，而第2组亲本B1、B2和B3在6个性状上一般配合力效应差异均极显著。9个组合间仅第一雌花平均节位与果长的特殊配合力效应差异极显著。第一雌花平均节位与雌花数，雌花数与果长，果径与果肉厚，单果质量与果长，第一雌花平均节位与果长。果长与果径，雌花数与单果质量，第一雌花平均节位与单果质量，上述诸项的遗传相关系数r分别为：-1．0．-0．97，0．90，0．82，0．80，-0．78，-0．75和0．73。果长和果径对单果质量的遗传直接通径系数分别为1．37和0．71。     

水稻产量性状一般配合力QTL定位

为了定位与发掘水稻产量性状高配合力数量性状座位(QTL),本研究按照不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,以泸恢8285与扬恢34杂交构建的重组自交系群体(RIL),分别与泸98A、Ⅱ-32A、冈46A杂交构建的双列杂交群体作为试验材料,在德阳、遂宁和泸州3种环境下对单株生物量、收获指数、单株产量、有效穗数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重等性状的一般配合力进行QTL定位。结果表明,3种环境下共检测到50个QTL,单个QTL对表型的贡献率变幅在3.26%～34.26%之间,其中qEP2-2、qSP2-2、qFGP2-2、qTGW1和qTGW2 5个QTL在3种环境下均有检出,qHI3、qEP7、qSP7、qSSR12-1和qTGW3-2 5个QTL在2种环境下检出,其他的QTL仅在其中1种环境下检出。此外,有27个QTL增效等位基因来自泸恢8258。本研究结果为进一步开展相关基因的精细定位、克隆和分子辅助选择育种奠定了基础。     

空间诱变对玉米自交系产量性状配合力的诱变效应

空间诱变育种具有诱变效率高、变异幅度大、育种周期短等特点,是创新种质、拓展种质基础、丰富种质资源的重要途径.为探明空间诱变对不同玉米自交系产量性状配合力的诱变效应,本研究以3份玉米(Zea mays L.)骨干自交系08-641、RP125和18-599为空间诱变基础材料,分别从诱变处理后代中选出优良诱变系为母本,以常用玉米自交系Mo17、478和黄早四等为父本配制杂交组合,在四川和云南两个环境条件下对各杂交组合进行田间试验鉴定,对单株产量性状进行配合力分析.结果表明,08-641和RP125诱变系单株产量一般配合力(GCA)有所降低,18-599诱变系Y2709和Y3235单株产量GCA极显著高于对照.空间诱变对三份玉米自交系单株产量性状配合力效应影响程度不同,总体表现为RP125诱变系变异幅度最大,18-599诱变系次之,08-641诱变系最小.对各杂交组合进行杂种优势分析结果显示,诱变系S1449、Y2803、Y3165和Y3235的杂种优势表现明显,可能具有较大的育种潜势.这些研究结果不仅丰富了玉米育种的物质基础,而且丰富了玉米诱变育种的理论内涵.     

锌对苦瓜叶片内源激素与氮代谢及产量的影响研究

田间试验研究不同Zn肥施用量对苦瓜产量、叶片内源激素与N代谢的影响结果表明 ,土壤缺Zn时施用硫酸锌 30～ 4 5kg/hm2 可显著提高苦瓜产量 ,增幅 16 .2 1%～ 17.16 %。施Zn可提高叶片吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、蛋白质和核酸含量及硝酸还原酶活性 ,降低叶片色氨酸、游离氨基酸和NO3 - N含量及RNase活性。叶片蛋白质与核酸、硝酸还原酶呈极显著正相关 ,而与游离氨基酸、NO3 - N含量和RNase活性呈极显著负相关 ;叶片色氨酸含量与吲哚乙酸和赤霉素含量 ,核酸含量与RNase活性均呈极显著负相关。     

Genetic diversity among a collection of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cultivars

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L., is a vegetable with one of the highest nutrition values in the world. Despite this, limited research has been conducted...     

杂交水稻部分品质性状的配合力研究

为了解决杂交水稻主要品质性状的选育问题，运用25个早籼稻组合按北卡罗莱纳Ⅱ(NCⅡ)设计进行了配合力的研究，结果表明：精米长、精米宽、精米形状、胶稠度、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量等7个性状受不育系的一般配合力效应和组合特殊配合力效应的影响达显著或极显著水平，受恢复系一般配合力效应的影响未达显著水平，其广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都较高，因此在育种中要特别注意不育系本身的特点。垩白级别、糊化温度的狭义遗传力较小并受特殊配合力影响较大，在世代传递中的稳定性是较差的，因而在育种时要特别考虑双亲的表现值。     

Silicon nutrition of tomato and bitter gourd with special emphasis on silicon distribution in root fractions

Two plant species, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), were used for in‐depth studies on the dynamics of silicon (Si) uptake and translocation to the shoots and compartmentation of Si in the roots. The experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solutions, which were partly amended with 1 mM Si in the form of silicic acid. At harvest, xylem exudates were collected, and Si concentrations and biomass of roots and shoots were determined. Mass flow of Si was calculated based on the Si concentration of the nutrient solution and transpiration determined in a parallel experiment. Plant roots were subjected to a fractionated Si analysis, allowing attributing Si to different root compartments. Silicon concentrations in the roots compared to the shoots were higher in tomato but lower in bitter gourd. A more ready translocation from the roots to the shoots in bitter gourd was in agreement with Si concentrations in the xylem exudates which were higher than in the external solution. In tomato, the xylem‐sap Si concentration was lower than in the nutrient solution. Calculated Si mass flow to the root exceeded Si uptake in tomato, which was consistent with the measured accumulation of Si in the root water‐free space (WFS). In contrast, Si concentration in the root WFS was lower than in the nutrient solution in bitter gourd, reflecting the calculated Si depletion at the root surface based on the comparison of Si mass flow and Si uptake. Within the roots, more than 80% of the total Si was located in the cell wall and less than 10% in the cytoplasmic fractions in tomato. In bitter gourd, between 60% and 70% of the total root Si was attributed to the cell‐wall fraction whereas the proportion of the cytoplasmic fraction reached more than 30%. Our results clearly confirm that tomato belongs to the Si excluders and bitter gourd to the Si‐accumulator plant species for which high Si concentrations in the cytoplasmic root fraction appear to be characteristic.     

不同甘蓝型油菜品种磷素籽粒生产效率的配合力及遗传参数分析

以22个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)为亲本(17个母本,5个父本),按NCⅡ设计配成175=85个F1,在不施磷肥（CK）和施P2O5 150 kg/hm2（P150）两个处理条件下,对不同品系油菜磷素籽粒生产效率进行配合力和遗传参数分析。结果表明, 磷素籽粒生产效率（PUEs）杂交组合平均值在P150和CK处理中分别比亲本平均值高6.41%和7.64%。离中亲优势的正向组合数明显多于负向组合数,超亲优势的正向组合数（超高亲）明显多于负向组合数（超低亲）,表明PUEs存在杂种优势。PUEs的遗传参数在P150处理和CK处理中一般配合力方差相对较小,特殊配合力相对较大,PUEs遗传以非加性效应（显性效应及上位性效应）为主。在两个肥力水平下,品系9（ZS-3）的一般配合力较高,620（SY07湘05499）、 1320（NY-14湘05499）、 1421（湘05487YY-7）三个组合的特殊配合力较高。     

Genetic analysis of resistance to Fusarium wilt disease,yield and yield-related traits of pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.)

ABSTRACT

Understanding the genetic control of Fusarium wilt resistance is crucial in pigeonpea breeding programme. This study aimed to study the gene action controlling Fusarium wilt resistance, yield and yield components and select promising crosses possessing resistance to Fusarium wilt along with important agronomic yield traits. Six lines were crossed with four testers in a line x tester mating design. For Fusarium wilt reaction, F₁’s progenies were evaluated in a sick field having inoculums of Fusarium wilt at one location for two seasons and in a pot as well. The F₁’s and parents were evaluated for yield and yield components at two locations for two seasons using a row-column design with two replications. Results indicated that parents and crosses had highly significantly difference for yield and important agronomic traits. General combining ability (GCA) effects of lines and testers were also significant. Specific combining ability (SCA) was also significant for some crosses. Non-additive gene action was more important than additive gene action except for days to maturity and plant height. Crosses ICEAP 00932?×?TZA 2439 and ICEAP 00932?×?TZA 197 displayed small effects of SCA for Fusarium wilt and large SCA for most of yield traits and should be used for integrated disease management.     

微胚乳超高油玉米几个性状的配合力研究

按Griffing方法4,用6个微胚乳超高油玉米自交系配制了15个组合,并对亲本及其杂交组合的21个性状的配合力和遗传率进行了研究。结果表明:茎粗、穗长、秃尖、胚重比和乳熟期子粒可溶性糖含量等5个性状的一般配合力(Gca)方差达到极显著水平,而特殊配合力(Sca)方差不显著,其余16个性状的Gca方差和Sca方差均达到显著或极显著水平,这16个性状的总配合力(Tca)效应值与其观测值的趋势是完全一致的。胚重比、乳熟期子粒可溶性糖含量、成熟期子粒含油率、叶片数、胚油比和非胚部分(OSK)含油率等6个性状的狭义遗传率(hN2)和广义遗传率(hB2)均比较高,可在育种的早期世代进行选择。     

柞蚕饲料效率杂种优势的研究

柞蚕杂种Ｆ１代的食下量、蚕粪量、消化量均存在明显的杂种优势,面消化率几乎不存在杂种优势。柞蚕的茧重转换效率在１７％￣２０％之间,茧层生产效率约２％,Ｆ１代表现明显的负向杂种优势。表明Ｆ１代全茧量、茧层量的提高是靠食下量的增加而实现的。结果同时表明,Ｆ１代雌雄间饲料效率各项因素的杂种优势率均为雄蚕大于雌蚕。     

Effects of desert dust on yield and yield components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

In order to study the effects of desert dust on yield and yield components of cowpea, two field experiments were conducted in the factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in Dezful and Mashhad, Iran in 2015. The experimental treatments were combinations of desert dust in three levels (0, 500 and 1500 µg m^?3), numbers of desert dust application (once, twice and thrice) and two types of desert dust. The desert-dust particles were collected during dust storms occurred in Dezful and Zabol, which are the main sources of dust in Iran. The results showed that the biological yield and the grain yield were significantly decreased in both studied sites (Dezful and Mashhad) when the plants exposed to 500 µg m^?3 desert dust treatment compared to normal conditions. Total soluble sugar and proline contents in plant leaf tissues increased significantly when they affected by 1500 µg m^?3 of desert dust, while the plant height was significantly decreased by increasing the desert-dust concentrations at both sites. Biological yield, grain yield, and 100-seed weight were also significantly affected by the desert dust. Overall, the desert dust has adverse effects on yield of cowpea.