不同补光时间和方式对设施大蒜鳞茎膨大和品质的影响

以‘二水早’大蒜为试材,探讨了不同的补光方法对冬季温室栽培大蒜鳞茎膨大及其品质的影响。结果表明：在连续光照达到14 h（9：00-16：00自然光照7 h + 5：30-9：00和16：00-19：30补光7 h）条件下大蒜鳞茎才能显著膨大,非连续光照8 ~ 14 h,即在7 h自然光照条件下,21：00-4：00打破黑暗补光1 ~ 7 h处理均能促进鳞茎膨大,并且鳞茎质量均高于14 h连续光照处理;不同打破黑暗处理之间鳞茎质量无显著差异。随着打破黑暗补光时间的延长,大蒜叶片色素含量,鳞茎中大蒜素、可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、总酚含量均呈现出先上升后下降趋势;打破黑暗补光5 h处理的大蒜叶片色素含量,鳞茎中维生素C、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量最高,分别比连续14 h光照处理提高了30.0%、7.7%、36.2%和25.3%;另外,总酚含量和自由基清除率也是以打破黑暗补光5 h处理最高。因此,从温室大蒜产量考虑,打破黑暗补光1 h处理就能达到较高的鳞茎产量,如果综合考虑产量和品质,则以打破黑暗补光5 h处理最优。     

不同光周期对浮萍生长及淀粉积累的影响

以新型能源植物浮萍为试材,采用4种不同光周期处理:12h光期+12h暗期(L12/D12);16h光期+8h暗期(L16/D8);20h光期+4h暗期(L20/D4);24h光期+0h暗期(L24/D0),研究了不同光周期对浮萍生长及淀粉积累的影响。结果表明:延长光照时间可以加快浮萍干物质的积累,以上4个处理其生物量分别为2.93、3.32、3.70、4.39g;也可促进浮萍淀粉的积累,淀粉含量分别为7.00%、8.64%、14.25%和19.75%。此外,不同光周期会影响叶绿素含量及净光合速率;淀粉代谢关键酶ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、α和β淀粉酶(α,β-amylase)的活性均发生变化。综合以上结果得出,在全光照(L24/D0)条件下浮萍干物质和淀粉积累效果最佳。     

GA3、IBA以及变温处理对东方百合鳞片扦插繁殖及淀粉降解的影响

以东方百合‘Sorbonne’为试材,研究了GA3、IBA以及温度处理对鳞片扦插繁殖以及碳水化合物代谢的影响。结果表明：GA3处理可在较短时间内促进小鳞茎膨大,IBA处理使小鳞茎形成的时间延后,但可提高繁殖系数和整齐度。GA3、IBA分别结合5 ℃预处理可使小鳞茎质量显著增加,在较短时间内促进小鳞茎膨大;其中IBA 100 mg · L-1,1 h结合5 ℃预处理的鳞片繁殖系数和小鳞茎整齐度依次高于25 ℃与15 ℃变温培养及25 ℃恒温培养;GA3 100 mg · L-1,2 h结合5 ℃预处理获得的小鳞茎品质最佳。鳞片繁殖过程中,GA3、IBA结合各温度处理鳞片淀粉及总可溶性糖含量均呈下降趋势,尤其鳞片下部在25 ℃培养初期（20 d）下降幅度最大;IBA促进淀粉降解,结合低温处理的母鳞片较无低温处理的总可溶性糖含量低,为小鳞茎的诱导和形成提供了营养;5 ℃低温预处理促进GA3处理母鳞片淀粉的降解。     

弱光条件下不同光周期对西瓜幼苗生长发育的影响

光周期是影响植物营养生长及生理变化的重要环境因子。为探明不同光周期对西瓜幼苗生长发育的影响,作者研究了4种不同光周期对弱光条件下西瓜幼苗生长发育的影响。试验结果表明,弱光条件下16 h的光周期处理,西瓜幼苗矮化健壮、叶片宽大、根系发达,且成苗时间比10 h光周期处理减少5 d,缩短了西瓜的育苗周期,可节约育苗成本。     

水杨酸浸球处理对百合小鳞茎膨大发育影响

栽植前以不同浓度水杨酸浸泡处理百合小鳞茎,研究对其膨大发育的影响。结果表明:水杨酸浸球处理对百合鳞茎的周径影响不大,但可促进鳞茎增重,可显著提高鳞茎和新鳞茎内蛋白质含量,淀粉和可溶性糖含量影响差异不显著。     

不同光照时间对大樱桃试管苗生长发育的影响

通过人工调节光照时间,研究不同光照时间对大樱桃试管苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:Colt试管苗经每天光照16h、暗培养8h,增值倍数比每天光培养14h、暗培10h和光培24h分别提高33.3%、6.2%。生根培养中每天光培16h、暗培8h比每天光培14h、暗培养10h和光培24h生根数分别提高4.0%和17.0%,且提高生根质量。     

不同贮藏温度下兰州百合种球淀粉代谢与萌发关系初探

 不同的贮藏温度和贮藏时间，兰州百合鳞茎碳水化合物含量均有显著差异。顶芽6℃处理的淀粉含量最高，10℃处理最低；鳞茎盘的淀粉含量与之相反；鳞片的淀粉含量随着贮藏温度的降低而下降。鳞茎各部位可溶性糖的含量以及顶芽和鳞片的淀粉酶活性随着贮藏温度的升高而降低，鳞茎盘的淀粉酶活性为6℃处理最高，2℃处理最低。淀粉含量和淀粉酶活性呈极显著负相关。贮藏初期的34 d，顶芽在鳞茎内迅速发育，鳞茎内物质变化最活跃：淀粉含量明显下降，淀粉酶活性迅速增大，可溶性糖含量显著升高。顶芽和鳞茎盘的变化幅度大于鳞片，外部鳞片的变化幅度大于中部和内部鳞片。贮藏温度与贮藏时间之间的显著互作影响碳水化合物的代谢及鳞茎的萌发。在本试验中，2℃贮藏101 d为解除休眠的最佳处理。     

热处理对自繁百合种球生长的影响

以东方百合围径为6~9 cm的自繁种球为试材,采用热水处理的温度分别为39℃和40℃,分别浸泡1.0、1.5、2.0 h,研究其对根螨的灭杀效果及对种球生长的影响,以期为热处理技术在百合种球生产上的应用提供参考。结果表明:在栽种期和采收期,经过不同热处理种球的带虫率显著低于对照(CK)。仅在40℃热处理2.0 h,褐变率为2%,其它处理褐变率均为0%;各处理在膨大期其株高、第一节茎粗、地上部干物质含量,在采收期其地下部鲜质量与鳞茎围径都高于CK。其中39℃热处理2.0 h及40℃热处理1.5 h效果最好;在新鳞茎形成初期,各种热处理组合与CK的淀粉含量相近;从新鳞茎形成期到膨大后期淀粉含量迅速增加,40℃热处理1.5 h在新鳞茎膨大前期开始淀粉含量就高于其它处理,其次是39℃热处理2.0 h,CK淀粉含量最低。40℃热处理1.5 h,新鳞茎的可溶性糖含量从鳞茎形成期到采收期一直高于其它的热处理组合及CK。     

同光周期红光对油葵芽苗菜生长和品质的影响

采用发光二极管（light emitting diode,LED）精确调制红光（630 ± 20）nm的光强及光周期,研究不同光周期LED红光对油葵芽苗菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明：随着光周期从0延长至12 h · d-1,油葵芽苗菜下胚轴长显著降低,子叶面积显著增加;而随着光周期从0延长至16 h · d-1时,芽苗菜叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著提高;全株鲜质量和淀粉含量在光周期为16 h · d-1时均有显著提高;维生素C的含量随光周期延长呈现逐渐提高的趋势,而游离氨基酸含量、SOD和CAT活性均呈现降低趋势。总体而言,红光光周期设置在16 h · d-1时有利于促进油葵芽苗菜生长和部分品质改善。     

寒地百合小鳞茎膨大发育过程中碳水化合物的变化研究

对2个百合品种的小鳞茎膨大发育过程中碳水化合物变化进行了研究。结果表明:百合鳞茎和新鳞茎中淀粉含量始终高于茎叶和根;小鳞茎中淀粉含量苗期前降低,苗期至半枯期持续增加,半枯期至采收期淀粉含量稍下降;鳞茎中可溶性糖含量于栽植期最高,栽植期至苗期迅速下降,此后其含量基本稳定;鳞茎中还原糖从栽植期至现蕾后24 d始终呈下降趋势,而后稳中有升;茎叶中淀粉和可溶性糖含量从栽植期至半枯期始终呈上升趋势;苗期后,根系中还原糖含量几乎始终呈上升趋势。     

外源蔗糖对离体条件下换锦花小鳞茎发生的影响

从形态学、组织细胞学、生理生化水平、分子水平等多层面探究外源蔗糖浓度对换锦花（Lycoris sprengeri）离体小鳞茎发生的影响。结果表明，MS培养基中外源蔗糖缺失时，离体换锦花鳞茎无法产生小鳞茎，蔗糖浓度为30 或60 g ? L-1时小鳞茎正常发生，但对小鳞茎发生数量影响不大。鳞片内的蔗糖及可溶性糖含量在腋芽形成前不断积累，且鳞片基部淀粉粒的积累为此处小鳞茎的发生提供物质基础。蔗糖促进了茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）在植物体内的积累，抑制了LsWIP1、LsERS2和LsEIN2基因表达量的异常上升，表明蔗糖可能作为信号分子启动了相关损伤保护机制，并促进了小鳞茎的发生。     

Effects of growth regulators and activated charcoal on in vitro bulblet multiplication and growth in Galanthus nivalis ‘Flore Pleno’

Summary

The in vitro multiplication of Galanthus nivalis ‘Flore Pleno’ bulblet clumps was evaluated through three 16-week sub-culture passages on media supplemented with either 1.0 mg l^–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.1 mg l^–1 naphthaleneacetic acid [NAA; the plant growth regulator (PGR) control], 0.5 mg l^–1 BA and 0.05 mg l^–1 NAA (PGR/2), or 0.1 mg l^–1 BA and 0.01 mg l^–1 NAA (PGR/10). At the end of the second sub-culture passage, clumps of bulblets from each of the three PGR treatments were also transferred to conditions to promote bulblet growth (G medium without PGRs) supplemented with 60 g l^–1 sucrose and 5 g l^–1 activated charcoal (AC). Lowering the PGR concentration during the initial multiplication phase reduced bulblet multiplication and overall culture growth, but did not influence bulblet size, as indicated by the diameter of the largest bulblet. Lowering the PGR concentration during the multiplication phase also reduced the multiplication of bulblets, overall tissue fresh weight, and the production of roots in tissues transferred to bulblet growth conditions. The reduced growth of tissues previously multiplied on PGR/10 medium was not, however, reflected in the growth of individual bulblets, since these were not significantly smaller than bulblets initially multiplied at the higher PGR concentrations. Bulblet sprouting and root growth on the bulblet growth medium were unaffected by prior PGR status in the multiplication phase. The results are discussed in terms of the mode of action of AC on the promotion of bulblet growth.     

Effects of bulb desiccation and storage on the in vitro propagation of hyacinth

The effect of long-storage and silica gel desiccation of hyacinth bulbs (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) on in vitro bulblet formation was investigated.Bulbs of 3 cultivars were stored at 25°C and 50–60% relative humidity for 17 months. This long-term storage of bulbs markedly enhanced bulblet initiation from scales and growth of regenerated bulblets.Bulbs of 5 cultivars were desiccated with silica gel for 5 and 20 h before in vitro propagation. The total number of bulblets increased as a result of 5 h desiccation with silica gel. Bulb desiccation for 20 h caused a large increase in the growth rate of bulblets. This desiccation treatment with silica gel is a practical method to obtain many and more regenerative explants in the in vitro propagation of hyacinth.     

应用生物反应器扩繁‘Casa Blanca’百合鳞茎

 在生物反应器内‘Casa Blanca’百合鳞茎的生长显著优于在固体培养基培养，培养16周后鳞茎鲜样质量为培养初期的22．4倍，但固体培养只达到16．5倍；5 L气球型生物反应器内接入400个小鳞茎时，可获得295个>1．1 g以上的鳞茎，多于其它培养密度；生物反应器内生产的鳞茎地上茎发生率高于在体培养基上培养的鳞茎，1．1 g以上的达到90％，但在固体培养基培养的鳞茎，2．1 g以上的也只达到65％。     

Effects of culture conditions on in vitro bulblet induction in the medicinal plant Amana edulis (Miq.) Honda

Amana edulis (Miq.) Honda is an important medicinal plant with a variety of anti-cancer properties, and it is of great importance to improve its reproductive rate through micropropagation technology to meet increasing demand. In the present study, in order to establish a rapid in vitro bulblet propagation protocol for A. edulis, an L₁₆ (4⁵) orthogonal design was used to investigate the effects of sucrose, 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and macro-elements on bulblet induction. The results show that the sucrose concentration was the crucial factor for A. edulis bulblet initiation, followed by 6-BA and macro-elements, while NAA had the weakest effect. The optimal medium for in vitro bulblet induction was Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L^?1 6-BA, 0.01 mg·L^?1 NAA, and 100 g·L^?1 or 80 g·L^?1 sucrose (pH 5.8), in which A. edulis shoot clusters (without roots) were cultured at 5(±2)°C for 35 d or 60 d and then incubated at 23(±2)°C for 90 d. The entire cultivation process occurred in the dark. The present study demonstrates that this protocol can be used for the propagation of A. edulis.     

郁金香器官离体培养再生小鳞茎的研究

 以4个郁金香品种‘凯氏奈丽斯’、‘风流寡妇’、‘检阅’和‘金色检阅’的叶、花茎、花托、子房、鳞片及腋芽等不同器官为外植体, 在MS + 2, 4-D 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} , MS + 2, 4-D 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} , MS +BA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} , MS +BA 5.0 mg·L ^{- 1} , MS +BA 2.0 mg·L ^{- 1} + IAA 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} 5种培养基上进行离体培养。结果表明, 花托外植体直接诱导小鳞茎的频率最高, 在培养基MS + 2, 4-D 0.5 mg·L ^{- 1}上诱导率达56.7% , 平均每块外植体产生小鳞茎数达10.7个; 其次是花茎, 直接诱导小鳞茎的频率为33.3% , 平均每块外植体产生小鳞茎数达19.9个; 鳞片及鳞片中的腋芽诱导鳞茎较难且需时间较长; 叶和子房则未能诱导出小鳞茎。     

光质和光周期对大豆芽苗菜生长及总酚类 物质含量的影响

采用发光二极管（light emitting diode,LED）精确调制光谱能量分布,研究不同光质和光周期对大豆芽苗菜生长、
总酚类物质含量及DPPH 自由基清除能力的影响。光质试验结果表明：紫外光（UV-B）处理显著降低了大豆芽苗菜下胚轴
长及可食率,且有利于植株水分积累;各光质处理均显著提高了下胚轴中总酚类物质含量,其中UV-B 处理含量最高,显著
高于黑暗培养和其他光质处理;UV-B 处理子叶和下胚轴中DPPH 自由基清除能力最强,均显著高于黑暗培养。光周期试验
结果表明：UV-B 8 h·d^-1 处理大豆芽苗菜根长最长,下胚轴长最短;UV-B 8 h·d^-1 和12 h·d^-1 处理下胚轴中总酚物质含量
和DPPH 自由基清除能力且均显著高于黑暗培养和其他光处理,其中8 h·d-¹ 光周期处理比12 h·d^-1 效果更好。总体而言,
8 h·d^-1 的UV-B 处理最有利于大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中总酚类物质积累和DPPH 自由基清除能力的提高。     

Hormone and antioxidant responses of Lilium Oriental hybrids ‘Sorbonne’ bulblets to humic acid treatments in vitro

The lily cultivar introduction is a very long process and bulblet development a limiting element in the entire cycle. The aim of the present study was to acquire a highly synchronized model system to gain insight into the bulbing process. Subsequently, this system was implemented to quantify the efficacy of humic acid applications to evaluate the hypothesized positive effect on bulblet growth. Based on weight, bulblet production was promoted with low humic acid concentration treatment (0.2 mg/L, LHA), showing 0.47 g weight and 11.68 mm diameter, while inhibitory effects were observed with increased doses. LHA significantly decreased the gibberellic acid content, and a pronounced phytohormone balance (promotive/inhibitive) was observed, which might be beneficial for the translocation of assimilates from the shoot to sink organs (bulblets). Intriguingly, LHA increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities compared with the control during the early development stages, implicating a possible role for elimination of reactive oxygen species, thereby favouring cell expansion. In conclusion, we initially reported the effects of HA on the development of bulbous plants, showing that a relatively low dose markedly increased the bulblets size via positive GA and antioxidant responses. However, the mechanism of action needs further evaluation.     

A scheme for mass propagation of Lilium in vitro

A mass propagation scheme for Lilium plants using a shake culture technique has been developed. According to the scheme, about 1.2 × 10¹⁰ of L. speciosum or 3.2 × 10¹² of L. auratum bulbs can theoretically be obtained in one year from one medium sized bulb. The scheme involves 4 steps: (1) establishment of aseptic production of bulblets; (2) the stimulation of bulb-scale production by high K and their rapid growth in shake cultures; (3) bulblet production; (4) the establishment of bulblets in soil.