慎防兔腹泻

多发于春秋温暖潮湿阴雨时节的牛球虫病,是危害胃肠道较大的一种单细胞寄生虫所引起的寄生虫病.该病对犊牛,尤其是6 月龄至2岁的牛最易感发病,死亡率高,经济损失大,严重威胁着养牛业的发展.养牛户要高度重视,最大限度的减少球虫病对牛的危害和其造成的经济损失.     

上海地区奶牛球虫种类的初步调查

牛球虫病是由艾美耳属和等孢属球虫寄生于肠道引起的以出血性肠炎为特征的一种原虫病,主要发生于犊牛,该病呈世界性分布。该病对养牛业的危害较大．牛球虫不仅感染乳牛和黄牛,而且还感染水牛、瘤牛及牦牛,既危害放牧牛群,也危害舍饲牛群。集约化饲养为球虫的大量聚集、传播提供了更多机会,使球虫更容易在不同个体间进行传播,如果缺乏有效控制可能会导致牛球虫病的暴发。目前,上海地区奶牛主要以集约化方式饲养,虽然奶牛的疾病控制总体水平较好,     

一起犊牛球虫病的诊治与体会

犊牛球虫病是由寄生于牛的多种球虫引起的一种以出血性肠炎为特征的急性或慢性肠道原虫病。该病主要发生于犊牛,对养牛业危害较大。该病多发生在温暖、潮湿的季节,尤其是对放牧于低洼潮湿牧场的牛最易发病。发病犊牛以血便、粪便恶臭、高度贫血和消瘦为特征,笔者对驻马店市某牛场一起犊牛球虫病进行了诊治,现将诊疗情况报告如下。     

一例牛球虫病的诊治体会

正牛球虫病是由美耳科艾美耳属的多种球虫寄生在牛的肠黏膜上皮细胞内,引起的一种以肠炎、血痢等为主要特征的寄生虫病。该病呈世界性分布,对养牛业危害很大。通常情况下,主要发生于2岁以下犊牛,病情往往较为严重,成年牛常呈隐性感染,以季节性地方散发或流行的形式发生。本文主要结合一起具体病例,就牛球虫病的流行病特点、主要临床症状、诊断和治疗措施等谈一下体会,希望对同行有所帮助。     

谨防犊牛球虫病

多发于春秋温暖潮湿阴雨时节的牛球虫病,是危害胃肠道较大的一种单细胞寄生虫所引起的寄生虫病。该病对犊牛,尤其是6月龄至2岁的牛最易感发病,死亡率高,经济损失大,严重威胁着养牛业的发展。养牛户要高度重视,     

一例牛球虫病中西医结合治疗的报告

牛球虫病是由艾美耳属球虫引起的消化道原虫病。本病主要侵害犊牛，使其发生出血性肠炎，临床以持续腹泻为主要特征，常呈季节性散发性流行，给养牛业造成较大危害。     

奶牛感染牛支原体的血清学调查

牛支原体是危害养牛业的重要致病性支原体。1961年牛支原体首次在美国患有乳腺炎的病牛中分离到;1976年报道该病与牛呼吸系统疾病有关。牛支原体病能引起成乳牛乳腺炎、犊牛肺炎、牛角膜结膜炎、耳炎、生殖道炎症、流产与不孕不育等多种疾病。据有关报道,全世界养牛业因该病引起的损失高达数十亿美元。     

东北地区犊牛球虫病的发病情况及防治策略

牛球虫病是由牛球虫引起的以出血性肠炎为特征的原虫病,主要发生于犊牛。我国已经报道的牛球虫有16种,其中邱氏艾美耳球虫（E．zuemii）和牛艾美耳球虫（E．bovis）的致病力最强而且也是东北地区最常见的,常呈季节性散发性流行,多发于潮湿阴雨季节,给养牛业造成较大危害。我国牛球虫病发病率可高达87．5％,死亡率达23．26％。     

牛病毒性腹泻的免疫预防

正牛病毒性腹泻病是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染引起的,以急慢性黏膜病、持续性感染和免疫抑制为主要特征的传染性疾病[1];该病在世界范围流行,给世界养牛业造成了巨大的经济损失。目前BVDV流行趋势呈明显上升状态,给养牛业的安全生产带来了严重的挑战。1疫病流行对我国养牛业的危害通常将BVDV引起临床急性感染症状的疾病     

牛球虫病的诊治

正牛球虫病是由艾美耳科的艾美耳属球虫或等孢属球虫引起的,以渐进性贫血、消瘦和消化道出血为主要症状的传染性疾病。牛的球虫有10种,其中邱氏艾美耳球虫和牛艾美耳球虫致病力最强,危害最大。该病往往引起犊牛的死亡,给养牛业造成不小的损失。一、流行特点艾美耳球虫对各种牛均有易感性。两岁以下的犊牛发病率和死亡率都较高。老龄牛则一般呈现隐性感染。艾美耳球虫喜潮湿的环境     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.