黑熊的行为训练

黑熊为大型猛兽,对其进行健康检查和治疗时,多采取麻醉手段.但麻醉所需时间较长,需要较多人员合作,并且对动物安全存在一定风险.所以,对园内黑熊进行行为训练,达到基础检查和简单治疗时无需麻醉,减少工作难度,也降低动物应激.在训练过程中增加动物对人的信任,提高动物福利,并有助于进一步认知动物的行为和特征.     

大型空分装置容器安装技术论述

本文以大型空分装置各系统超高超重的大型容器安装方法的论述,重点论述了冷箱内大型精馏塔的吊装及组对焊接的方法。说明了大型空分装置容器安装的施工重点、难点、施工工艺流程、施工方法、安全管理等。     

野生动物人工冬眠疗法

本法对园养观赏动物中的中型和大型猛兽及猛禽类动物在临床实施各种手术、术后护理及须特殊持续性治疗的病例最为适用。多年来在临床实践工作中，我们结合麻醉保定动物，延伸到应用人工冬眠疗法配合救治早期病危野生动物疾病获得成功的启示。报告如下。     

加味苦参汤治疗黑熊斑秃癣

<正> 黑熊斑秃癣是熊科动物六大常见病之一,由于熊科动物属大型猛兽,在动物园的实际工作中,无法接近黑熊进行药物涂擦,只得借助喷雾器或注射器抽取药液喷射病位,以达到治疗目的。笔者采     

动物防疫条件审查办法

第一章总则第一条为了规范动物防疫条件审查,有效预防控制动物疫病,维护公共卫生安全,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》,制定本办法。第二条动物饲养场、养殖小区、动物隔离场所、动物屠宰加工场所以及动物和动物产品无害化处理场所,应当符合本办法规定的动物防疫条件,并取得《动物防疫条件合格证》。     

动物防疫条件审查办法

<正>第一章总则第一条为了规范动物防疫条件审查,有效预防控制动物疫病,维护公共卫生安全,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》,制定本办法。第二条动物饲养场、养殖小区、动物隔离场所、动物屠宰加工场所以及动物和动物产品无害化处理场所,应当符合本办法规定的动物防疫条件,并取得《动物防疫条件合格证》。经营动物和动物产品的集贸市场应当符合本     

大型钢结构安装施工技术研究

金沙江路真北路人行天桥所处地理位置为城市市区,现场场地条件、密集的交通现场等均对安装方案的影响程度较大。因此,对于本工程钢结构的安装,如何选择经济、合理、安全且满足施工工期的施工方案将显得至关重要,根据大型建筑、桥梁结构安装施工经验,针对本工程主桥安装,采取了一系列的技术措施,值得推广应用。     

动物诊疗机构X光机使用监管问题分析

随着动物诊疗技术的发展,动物诊疗机构普遍安装使用了X光机。本文通过对《动物诊疗机构管理办法》《放射性同位素与射线装置安全和防护条例》等法规的梳理,探讨了当前动物卫生监督物诊疗机构对动物诊断机构使用X光机的监管内容,包括动物诊疗机构是否从事动物颅腔、胸腔和腹腔手术,是否使用X光机,以及对违法行为的处置。     

非洲猪瘟疫情应急实施方案(2019年版)

为有效预防、控制和扑灭非洲猪痘疫情,切实维护养猪业稳定健康发展,保障猪肉产品供给安全,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法》《重大动物疫情应急条例》《国家突发重大动物疫情应急预案》等有关规定,制定本实施方案。     

对机械电子式软起动装置设计的分析

机械电子式软启动装置能够降低停车过程中动载荷,通过有效的控制带式输送机起停的速度,来确保整个机械系统安全、稳定的运行。对电子式软启动装置设计进行仔细的分析,在可利用编程控制对变频器的输出频率进行控制时,能有效的控制调速电机的速度。本文主要对机械电子式软启动装置的结构和原理进行分析,研究装置设计的具体过程。     

动物饲养管理与疾病防控的关系

在养殖业生产过程中,动物疾病防控是非常重要的工作,防控工作做得成功与否,事关养殖业成效,直接影响养殖户经济收入,做好动物疾病防控就显得尤为重要了,本人认为要做好动物疾病防控工作,就从平时日常管理做起,建立一整套完善的饲养管理制度,为畜禽提供优异的圈舍环境和优质的饲草料,做好防寒防暑措施,落实动物疫病防控措施,增强动物个体抗病能力,就会有效地降低动物疾病的发生,尤其是传染病发生都可以避免;即使发生传染病,也能及时得到有效控制。在大规模养殖过程中,我们要把重点放在做好饲养管理,确保各项生理指标健康,增加个体抗病能力,从而增强群体抗病能力,而不是忙于治疗个别病畜,否则会因小失大,会使动物疾病防控工作完全陷入被动局面。为此不难看出,动物饲养管理和疾病防控工作有着密切关系,本人通过调查研究、查阅资料,对动物饲养管理与疾病防控的关系进行探讨。     

Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices of Law Enforcement Officers on Rabies and Animal Control Issues in Kansas

Rabies is a deadly zoonoses endemic in the United States, including Kansas. Animal control programmes that emphasize vaccination of dogs and cats, removal of stray animals and enforcement of licensure programmes have historically been essential in reducing the risk of rabies exposures to humans (Beran, 1991). Kansas does not mandate the use of animal control officers [ACOs] and in areas where there is no designated animal control officer, law enforcement officers [LEOs] are required to fill that role. Little is known about LEOs' knowledge of rabies, their current practices in responding to animal‐related calls or if they receive any specialized training to perform the duties of an ACO. A web‐based, voluntary and anonymous survey was sent to law enforcement officers in Kansas in January 2014. The survey included questions about animal control practices and a self‐assessment of rabies knowledge. The response rate was 16.2%. All respondents indicated LEOs will respond to animal‐related calls, even if there was an ACO available in their department or jurisdiction. A majority of respondents indicated they had not received training on safe animal handling (62.9%, 61/97) or zoonoses prevention (85.6%, 83/97), even though a strong majority considered such training important (89.7% and 79.4%, respectively). Most respondents (>80%) were able to correctly identify animals capable of transmitting rabies but were less aware of how rabies was transmitted or the severity of rabies in humans. Our results demonstrate that Kansas LEOs perform animal control duties, many without the proper training, even though most consider such training to be important to be able to perform their duties safely. Training on safe animal handling and zoonoses prevention should be provided to all LEOs in Kansas to enable them to safely execute their duties and provide timely and accurate information to citizens regarding rabies prevention.     

Farm animal welfare: the five freedoms and the free market

This review addresses the scientific, ethical and economic factors that impact on the welfare of farm animals. Respect for animals within the food chain is considered within the context of an ethical matrix that affords respect according to the principles of wellbeing, autonomy and justice to consumers, farm animals, farmers and the living environment. The welfare of a farm animal depends on its ability to sustain fitness and avoid suffering. The responsibility of the farmer is to make provision for good welfare through good husbandry; he cannot ensure good welfare. Improvements to farm animal welfare can only come about within the context of the forces that drive the free market. In essence, consumers need to afford a greater extrinsic value to farm animals. The costs to farmers of legislation to impose higher animal welfare standards are substantial but the cost to consumers can be very small. The responsibility is therefore on the consumer to convert an expressed desire for higher welfare standards into an effective demand. A promising route to encourage and fulfil this demand is through welfare-based quality assurance schemes with quality control ensured by independent audit. At present, audit protocols are based largely on identification of the elements of good husbandry. Ultimately we need a further independent audit to ensure that the outcome of these perceived elements of good husbandry is, in fact, good animal welfare.     

Veterinary public health: past success, new opportunities

Animal diseases are known to be the origin of many human diseases, and there are many examples from ancient civilizations of plagues that arose from animals, domesticated and wild. Records of attempts to control zoonoses are almost as old. The early focus on food-borne illness evolved into veterinary medicine's support of public health efforts. Key historical events, disease outbreaks, and individuals responsible for their control are reviewed and serve as a foundation for understanding the current and future efforts in veterinary public health. Animal medicine and veterinary public health have been intertwined since humans first began ministrations to their families and animals. In the United States, the veterinary medical profession has effectively eliminated those major problems of animal health that had serious public health ramifications. These lessons and experiences can serve as a model for other countries. Our past must also be a reminder that the battle for human and animal health is ongoing. New agents emerge to threaten human and animal populations. With knowledge of the past, coupled with new technologies and techniques, we must be vigilant and carry on.     

限制动物跨省区流动的关键措施

限制动物跨省区流动是控制动物疫病传播的关键措施。通过采取无规定动物疫病区管理措施,防疫条件分级管理,建立指定通道,加强动物贩运经纪人资质管理等措施,可以有效限制动物跨省流动,保证养殖业安全和动物产品安全。     

SAFETY OF PERCUTANEOUS ULTRASOUND–GUIDED BIOPSY OF RENAL ALLOGRAFTS IN THE CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY: RESULTS OF 348 CONSECUTIVE BIOPSIES

The safety of a technique for ultrasound-guided biopsy of renal allografts was evaluated based on 348 consecutive procedures in cynomolgus monkeys. A spring-loaded biopsy device with an 18G tru-cut biopsy needle was used to biopsy renal allografts in 139 cynomolgus monkeys performed either on clinical indication (n = 95 animals) or as serial protocol biopsies (n = 44 animals) for a total of 348 biopsies. Monkeys having serial biopsies received between 3-9 biopsies per animal. All others received non-protocol biopsies that were performed on clinical indication, and the range was 1-15 biopsies per animal. No life-threatening complications or deaths occurred and there were no clinically detectable minor complications such as macrohematuria. Self-limiting complications such as small arteriovenous fistulas (n = 4, 3-5 mm large) were detected with Doppler ultrasound and resolved hemodynamically after 2-4 weeks. Three animals developed hematomas ranging 4 mm-2 cm in diameter and were no longer sonographically evident 2-4 weeks later. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of renal allografts can be performed with a high degree of safety in small (3-5 kg) laboratory animals such as the cynomolgus monkey and provides a valuable tool for renal transplantation research. Even when cores were taken at two week intervals no major complications occurred and only rarely were clinically irrelevant complications detected. Experience with diagnostic ultrasound, both gray scale and Doppler, is important for both safety and the recognition of complications that may arise.     

Airway management under general anaesthesia in pigs using the LMA-ProSeal: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the LMA-ProSeal for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in the pig. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. ANIMALS: Twelve German country pigs, weighing 25-62 kg. METHOD: Lungs of pigs were mechanically ventilated under general anaesthesia using the LMA-ProSeal. The ease of insertion, number of attempts and total time until placement of the LMA-ProSeal and gastric tube were recorded. Bronchoscopy was performed to determine the position of the LMA-ProSeal and to detect signs of aspiration. Ventilation variables and the leak airway pressure (P(leak)) were measured. An arterial blood gas sample was taken to determine the adequacy of ventilation. RESULTS: The airway was secured in all pigs within 39 +/- 19 seconds (27-51). Different sizes of LMA-ProSeal were used; up to 30 kg: size 3, up to 43 kg: size 4; and above 43 kg: size 5. In all but one animal the P-LMA and gastric tube were inserted at the first attempt. In nine animals gastric fluid was drained through the gastric tube. There was no evidence of aspiration in any animal. The mean [+/-SD (95%CI)]P(leak) was 28.8 +/- 7.5 cm H(2)O (24.06-33.60) and normal ventilation was achieved in all animals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the airway of pigs weighing 25-62 kg can be secured safely and reliably with the sizes 3, 4 and 5 LMA-ProSeal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endotracheal intubation in pigs can be difficult so there is a risk of hypoxemia in the apnoeic animal. With the LMA-ProSeal the airway can be secured rapidly, safely and reliably. Use of the Standard-LMA under PPV can be associated with gas leakage into the stomach and the subsequent risk of gastric distension and regurgitation. Both the ability to drain the stomach and the high P(leak) of the LMA-ProSeal could contribute to improved protection against aspiration under PPV.     

市级动物疫病防控信息化管理系统功能设计

我国动物疫病流行日趋复杂,而传统防控工作方式效率亟待提高。信息化能有效提高动物疫病防控管理工作效率,有利于对动物疫情的快速预警、反应、控制和溯源。本文介绍市级动物疫病防控信息化管理系统的功能设计,重点分析基础信息数据库、物资管理系统、动物疫病监测、疫情预警、疫情调查处置等功能模块,形成市级动物疫病防控大数据和网络化管理平台,实现动物防疫场点、人员、疫苗、物资和工作抽查等网络化管理,为动物疫病防控行政决策提供技术支持,切实提高基层防疫工作效率。     

提高动物繁殖力的核酸疫苗研究进展

核酸疫苗也叫基因疫苗或DNA疫苗,是20世纪90年代初开发的一种新疫苗,具有稳定、安全、制备简单等优点.近年来,大量研究表明,利用核酸疫苗免疫可以有效提高动物的繁殖力,其中有些疫苗已经进入临床应用实验阶段.本文对提高动物繁殖性能的核酸疫苗的种类、作用原理及其在实验动物、家畜等多种动物上的应用研究进行了综述,以期为进一步...     

Cattle stunning with a penetrative captive bolt device: A review

The captive bolt device has been used for stunning cattle at abattoirs for more than 100 years and is now one of the stunning devices used most widely. The aim of this review article was to assess the effects that are decisive during cattle slaughter on the quality of stunning with the use of a captive bolt stunning device. The basis of effective stunning is the use of a suitable type of device, with the speed of the bolt and the kinetic energy corresponding to the anatomical parameters of the slaughtered animal. The importance of the regular cleaning and maintenance of stunning devices and monitoring of the effectiveness of stunning goes without saying. The immediate loss of sensibility in the animal must occur after the first shot. The effectiveness of the stunning process can be quantified by regular monitoring of the behavior of animals after stunning with an emphasis on the loss of reflexes (corneal reflex, regular breathing, attempts to regain physiological posture) and checks on the shot location on the skulls of slaughtered animals.