兽用消毒剂申报资料中杀灭微生物效力试验探讨

本文就兽用消毒剂评价试验中有关中和剂的选择和鉴定试验要求、定性和定量杀菌试验步骤及评价标准进行了探讨,以期能对新型兽用消毒剂的开发研究提供帮助。     

1. 简述兽用消毒剂分类及注册资料要求

根据农业部第442号公告发布的《兽用消毒剂分类及注册资料要求》,简述不同类别的兽用消毒剂注册资料的要求。     

简述兽用消毒剂注册分类及资料要求

根据农业部第442号公告发布的<兽用消毒剂分类及注册资料要求>,简述不同类别的兽用消毒剂注册资料的要求.     

兽用消毒剂的种类及应用

新型高效复合型消毒剂以及兽用消毒剂专用表面活性剂将成为未来研究的趋势,宠物手术（器械）专用消毒剂、奶牛乳头专用消毒剂、种蛋专用消毒剂、SPF动物屏障设施专用消毒剂、生物安全实验室专用消毒剂、疫苗灭活专用消毒剂等更加细化即专业实用型消毒剂会逐渐受到人们的关注     

规模化养殖场如何科学选择和使用兽用消毒剂

<正>消毒对于人们来说是一个相当普通的词汇,而消毒剂对于从事养殖业的人员来说对其熟悉程度一定不亚于抗生素,那么如何正确选择和使用兽用消毒剂就显得尤为重要。本文重点介绍常见消毒方法、消毒剂分类、影响消毒剂消毒效果的因素以及如何科学选着使用兽用消毒剂。     

茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇检测方法的建立

通过检测茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量,并建立茶树精油中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的气相色谱检测方法,为茶树精油新制剂的质量标准研究提供理论依据。采用水蒸气蒸馏法先将茶树精油兽用消毒剂中的茶树精油提取出来,再用GC法测定提取的挥发油中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量。茶树精油兽用消毒剂不同批次中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇含量保持稳定;1,8-桉叶素在0.013mg/mL～0.41 mg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 98),松油烯-4-醇在0.175 mg/mL～5.575mg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 93),1,8-桉叶素的平均加样回收率为99.19%,RSD为1.89%(n=6),松油烯-4-醇的平均加样回收率为102.58%,RSD为1.45%(n=6)。该方法能够简便、准确、快速的测定茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量,可为茶树精油兽用消毒剂的质量评价提供依据。     

潘运平：执着于消毒剂 致力于绿色产业

潘运平：现任江苏天一健消毒剂有限公司总经理，进入兽药行业20多年来，一直执着于兽用消毒剂的研究开发和推广，并且坚信随着人们观念的不断提升及实际的需求增加．消毒剂的发展空间将不断扩大，且将会把人们带到真正的绿色环境中，绿色、安全的时代已不再遥远。     

国内外疫苗规模化生产技术研究进展

文章通过从细胞产品、培养基种类以及疫苗生产等方面对国内外疫苗规模化生产技术进行综述,分析了我国兽用疫苗的生产现状,提出我国兽用疫苗的发展方向。     

兽用基因工程生物制品的安全控制对策与措施(I)——法律法规体系的建立和安全管理

像其它生物技术产品一样 ,兽用基因工程生物制品的安全性问题也引起了人们的广泛关注和重视。本连载软科学研究报告通过对国内外有关的法律法规、文献资料的收集和分析研究 ,阐述了对兽用基因工程生物制品的法律、法规和条例控制、安全管理、生物安全评价和生物安全控制措施等内容 ,并且对我国如何加强在这方面的工作提出了一些参考性意见     

兽用基因工程生物制品的安全控制对策与措施（Ⅰ）：—法律法规体系的建立和安全管理

像其它生物技术产品一样，兽用基因工程生物制品的安全性问题也引起了人们的广泛关注和重视。本连载软科学研究报告通过对国内外有关的法律法规、文献资料的收集和分析研究，阐述了对兽用基因工程生物制品的法律、法规和条例控制、安全管理、生物安全评价和生物安全控制措施等内容，并且对我国如何加强在这方面的工作提出了一些参考性意见。     

三类常用消毒剂对非洲猪瘟病毒灭活效果的评价

为评价戊二醛类、酚类、含氯类常用消毒剂对非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)的灭活效果,参考OIE参考实验室相关操作流程,基于畜禽栏舍、运载工具、器具消毒目的,根据说明书标明的浓度范围选择低、中、高3个工作浓度,与ASFV分别在4℃和20℃条件下作用30 min,10倍连续稀释后接种猪肺泡巨噬细胞,同时加入猪红细胞,培养观察红细胞...     

Susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from fish feed factories to disinfectants and air-drying at surfaces

The objective of this work was to determine whether persistence of certain Salmonella isolates in fish feed factories involved enhanced resistance to disinfectants or air-drying. Salmonella isolates known to be persistent in fish feed factories and Salmonella isolates from other origins were tested for their sensitivity to nine disinfectants by using a suspension test. More than 5log(10)reduction in viable count for all isolates was only achieved by two of the disinfectants at 80% of the lowest recommended user concentration. However, Salmonella isolates from fish feed factories were not more resistant to disinfectants compared to Salmonella from other origins. For four of the disinfectants, presence of fish feed had a more adverse effect on disinfection efficacy compared to the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). In general, the Salmonella isolates were more resistant to disinfection than Escherichia coli DSM 682, a strain recommended in testing of disinfectants. The Salmonella isolates were also tested for their ability to survive air-drying at stainless steel surfaces, but there were no differences in survival of isolates from fish feed factories compared to isolates of other origin. In conclusion the Salmonella isolates from fish feed factories were not particularly resistant to disinfection or air-drying at surfaces. The data show that disinfectants to be used against Salmonella should be thoroughly tested and selected, since not all disinfectants appear to be effective against Salmonella.     

七类消毒剂对非洲猪瘟病毒荧光定量PCR检测结果的影响

为评价戊二醛、酚、含碘类等常用消毒剂消毒后对非洲猪瘟病毒荧光定量PCR检测结果的影响,基于畜禽栏舍、运载工具、器具消毒及皮肤黏膜消毒目的,按消毒剂说明书推荐选择不同工作浓度,分别与不同滴度的非洲猪瘟病毒培养物于20℃条件下作用30 min后,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测作用后产物。结果显示,与对应的阳性对照组相比,含氯类(二氯异氰尿酸钠)、过硫酸氢钾类、二氧化氯类消毒剂,消毒后对荧光定量PCR检测结果影响最显著,检测Ct值显著上升或检测不到;戊二醛类、含碘类(主要成分聚维酮碘)消毒剂,核酸降解能力相对较弱,检测Ct值稍有上升;酚类、季铵盐类、含碘类(主要成分碘、磷酸、硫酸)类消毒剂,检测Ct值基本无变化。本研究评价了7类常用消毒剂消毒对非洲猪瘟病毒荧光定量PCR检测结果的影响,可为防控实践中科学、客观评价分析消毒效果提供技术参考。     

Disinfectant susceptibility testing of avian and swine Campylobacter isolates by a filtration method

The susceptibility testing of disinfectants against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from broilers and pigs was investigated. The filtration method European standard EN 1040 was adapted to Campylobacter cultures and validated with reference strains. Two disinfectants were tested: 1% benzalkonium chloride active matter, as quaternary ammonium compound, and 0.63% sodium hypochlorite as chlorine-releasing agent. Both disinfectants were effective against the 34 Campylobacter strains tested after 5 min exposure under in vitro conditions. No link between resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics could be observed.     

An investigation into the efficacy of hatchery disinfectants against strains of Staphylococcus aureus associated with the poultry industry.

The efficacy of 18 commercial disinfectants was investigated using the type strain, isolate 24 (I. 24), of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern related Staphylococcus aureus that have shown to be associated with clinical disease in Northern Ireland broilers. Eight quartenary ammonium compound (QAC), four peroxygen, three amphoteric (AMP), one phenolic along with two chlorine-based disinfectants were tested at their manufacturer's recommended concentration (MRC) and at three 10-fold dilutions of the MRC. The efficacy of disinfectants against I. 24 was assessed in conditions with no hatchery organic matter (HOM) and in conditions with no HOM present. In addition, 17 S. aureus strains, related and non-related to I. 24 and obtained from the poultry industry were screened for any increase in resistance relative to I. 24. All disinfectants were effective against all test strains when tested in the absence of HOM. Products from the QAC and peroxygen groups were the most potent. The performance of all disinfectants was reduced in the presence of HOM. Under these conditions all chlorine-based, two out of three AMP, and one out of eight QAC disinfectants were not effective against I. 24 when tested at the MRC. The results emphasise the importance of proper application on appropriate areas, using the correct concentration and exposure time for the disinfectant.     

Possible associations between Salmonella persistence in poultry houses and resistance to commonly used disinfectants and a putative role of mar

A putative link between Salmonella persistence in the agricultural sector and resistance to disinfectants has been sparsely investigated. Therefore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests against five disinfectants commonly used in poultry premises (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde/benzalkonium chloride compound, oxidising compound, tar oil phenol, iodophor) were performed on 286 Salmonella isolates, including 256 from Danish broiler houses, altogether representing nine serotypes. Six of these isolates were used for adaptation and de-adaptation studies involving the five disinfectants. Amongst 60 of these isolates selected for growth studies in cyclohexane (possibly associated with up-regulated efflux), only one isolate grew. From this isolate and the six isolates used in the adaptation and de-adaptation studies, mutants highly resistant to triclosan (a disinfectant linked with mar-type resistance) were selected. In addition, adaptation and de-adaptation studies with triclosan were performed. For the 286 isolates, the small variations in MICs could not be associated with Salmonella persistence in Danish broiler houses or previous use of relevant disinfectants. Adaptation and de-adaptation did not alter MICs to the five farm disinfectants. Compared to the parent isolates, MICs for the triclosan adapted and de-adapted isolates and the triclosan mutants were significantly increased to triclosan, but not to the five disinfectants. Moreover, most of the triclosan adapted and de-adapted isolates grew in cyclohexane. Thus, there was no correlation between triclosan and cyclohexane resistance on one hand and resistance to the five disinfectants on the other, suggesting that triclosan resistance is not linked with resistance to these disinfectants.     

球虫消毒剂的筛选及氨水对艾美耳球虫卵囊抑杀条件的优化

为了筛选有效的球虫消毒剂,本研究将柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊分别与16种常用消毒剂和1种高效抗球虫药物溶液（250 mg/L妥曲珠利溶液）混合作用2 h然后在2.5%重铬酸钾溶液中孢子化培养,或混合作用4 h后接种14日龄雏鸡,根据卵囊孢子化率、孢子化抑制率、每克粪便卵囊数量（oocysts per gram of feces,OPG）、病变计分和血便情况评价消毒剂和抗球虫药物抑杀球虫卵囊效果。结果显示,8%氨水对未孢子化卵囊和孢子化卵囊均表现为100%的抑杀效果;250 mg/L妥曲珠利、3%甲醛、4%苯酚、0.5%过氧乙酸、5% NaOH+10% NaCl和5% NaOH对球虫卵囊活性具有一定的抑制作用,孢子化抑制率超过10%,但是对孢子化卵囊抑杀作用不明显;而剩余10种常用消毒剂对球虫卵囊没有明显的抑杀作用。氨水抑杀球虫卵囊条件优化的试验结果显示,1%~8%氨水与未孢子化卵囊作用1 h以上,均可100%抑杀球虫卵囊活性。粪便干扰试验结果显示,粪便不影响2%和4%氨水对球虫卵囊的抑杀效果。本研究结果说明常用消毒剂和抗球虫药物不能有效杀灭球虫卵囊的活性,而氨水是一种高效球虫消毒剂。本研究结果可为开发新型高效球虫消毒剂和球虫病控制提供参考。     

Laboratory investigation of the chemical disinfection against different developmental stages of the housefly (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758)

Possibilities for disinfection of the developmental stages from the housefly (Musca domestica) were investigated under laboratory conditions. The developmental stages (eggs, larvae I, II, III, pupae and adults) were sprayed with solutions of disinfectants on the basis of p-chlorine-m-cresol and o-phenylphenol at different concentrations (0.025%-3%). The effectiveness of both disinfectants was established by determining the emergence rate of eggs and pupae and of the live evidence of larvae and adults. Transmission electron microscopic investigations of the cover of the eggs revealed the bactericidal effect of both disinfectants. These results show the necessity of extending its use also to noxious arthropods.     

Evaluation of two commercial disinfectants on the viability and infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

Cryptosporidiosis is mainly a problem in neonatal ruminants. Not only do Cryptosporidium spp. spread ubiquitously in our environment, but the protozoa are highly resistant to harsh environmental conditions and disinfectants, and a control measure is urgently required. This study investigated the potential biocidal activity on Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts of two commercial disinfectants developed originally to be used in farms and food-processing industries. The products, containing formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide respectively, both had some anticryptosporidial effects. The viability and infectivity of purified C. parvum oocysts exposed to both disinfectants at different concentrations and exposure times were evaluated by inclusion or exclusion of vital dye (propidium iodide), use of an excystation technique and infection of suckling mice. Viability assays showed a decrease in oocyst viability associated with an increase in exposure time for each of the concentrations used. The intensity of infection in neonatal mice was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the control litters.     

兽用消毒药的种类及其在养殖场中的合理使用

就兽用消毒药的种类、消毒药的选择、使用方法以及消毒效果的评价、养殖场的消毒管理等方面进行了介绍,为养殖场的消毒工作提供借鉴.