Strengthening Urban Forest Development Improving Urban Ecological Environment

1 IMPROVEMENT OFURBANECOLOGICALENVIRONMENT:NATURAL TREND OFURBANDEVELOPMENT1.1 Accelerated Urbanization’s Requirements forImprovement of Urban Ecological EnvironmentPresently, the ecological and environmentaldevelopment in China’s cities does not match up withthe rapid urbanization. The number and the scale ofcities/towns are rapidly increasing, making the long-existed urban environmental problems increasinglyprominent. This imposes new requirements forimprovem…     

Development of Urban Forests in Indonesia

1 INTRODUCTIONDevelopment of urban area is often expressed byexistence of growth of city physical, which is moredetermined by existing facilities and basic facilities.Development of urban area indicates tendency for theminimization of green air space as well as eliminatingnatural cover. Many land functions have been changedto become shops, settlements, recreation places,industrial and others.With growing of ability and prosperity of society,development of urban area continues to accelerat…     

Close-to-nature Design and Management：Developing Effective and Harmonious Urban Forest in China

In the pastfew years, with speedilydeveloping of socialeconomy and continuously speeding up of urbanizationprogress in China, the problems of the ecologicalenvironment in urban area, such as air pollution, heat-island effect, dangers of wind and sand, and shortageof water resources, etc., have gradually been gravenessand become the focus issue concerned by citizens also.It has become the common understanding of mostcitizensthat ahealthy,secureand comfortableecologicalenvironment of human settl…     

Strategic Trend of Chinese Urban Forestry Development

1 STRATEGY BACKGROUND1.1 Quickening of Urbanization ProcessSince the reform and opening-up in China in 1978,economic community developed rapidly. By the endof 2003, GDP has exceeded $1 000 billion. With therapid development of Chinese economy, residentialmode focusing on rural population is now changing,urbanization process is quickening, traditional cityscale is expanding into metropolis (Tianjin, Xi’an,Chengdu, Chongqing, etc.) or super cities (Beijing,Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc.…     

Transfer of Scientific Expertise into Successful Forest Policy： Assessment for Monitoring and Evaluating Sustainable Forest Management in China

INTRODUCTION Forest monitoring and forestry policy monitoring and evaluation systems play an important role in forestry policy making and improvement. Transfer scientific expertise into forest policy making is one of the most important factors to improve Chinese forestry development. CERN (Chinese Ecosystem Research Network) and CFERN (Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network) are two main forest scientific monitoring systems in China. CERN is managed by CAS (Chinese Academy o…     

A Perspective of Urban Forestry Policy and Management Methodologies in China

INTRODUCTION China is the country with the largest number of people in the world. In the past 20 years, the rapid urbanization proceeding had brought huge pressure on the ecology, environment and economy. The European practice showed that the ecological and environmental problem in the city could be solved by developing Urban Forestry (Konijnendijk 2003; Chai Yixin et al. 2004; Konijnendijk et al. 2005). Additionally, urban forestry policy formulation and management methodologies are t…     

Forest Resources and Environment in China

With a vast territory, China is rich in forest resources and diversified environments. The changes in forest resources have a direct bearing on environmental quality. The paper gives a detailed account of the dynamic change in forest resources in China, including the overall process of forest evolution, the status quo and features of the existing forest resources and the development and use of major forest resources. In addition, it analyses the current situation of China's environment and explores the main contributing factors based on the overall environmental situation. In order to achieve sustainable management of forest resources and improve the environment in China, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the protection and development of forest resources as well as environmental development and improvement. The paper gives an overview of the thinking for sustainable forest resource and environmental development in the future and current focus of efforts.     

Forest Fire Environment and Characteristics in Northeastern China

Forest fires occurrence is influenced by many factors, such as inter-annual weather variations and regional fuel distributions. Fires occurrence in different forest region has distinct spatial and temporal characteristics. The paper studied the natural forest fire environment in Northeastern China, as well as forest fires occurrence, burned area and fire seasons in Northeastern Forest Region. The result shows that more than 50% of annual burned area occurred in Northeast China Forest Region. Main fire seasons in the region are spring and autumn. Fires occurrence in spring is larger than that in autumn. There are few fires in summer. The authors＇ suggestions for fire management department are to emphasize the fuel management, improve the roads conditions, and enhance the fires control ability.     

Forest landscape ecology and its applications in China

Landscape ecology is playing an increasingly important role in resources management and landuse planning in recent decades and attracting much attention from resource managers and scientists in China as well as in the world. Reviews of landscape ecology development in China have been well documented, whereas forest landscape ecology and its applications receive relatively fewer reviews. In this paper, we first present a brief review of the historical development and current advances of landscape ecology in China and then introduce the applications of landscape ecology to forest park designs, urban greenspace planning, ecological restoration, biodiversity conservation and forest eco-hydrology. Finally, the problems with the application of forest landscape ecology in China, such as inadequate synthesis and integration, lack of basic research on patterns and processes, basic data shortage and model usage problem are discussed on the basis of which we suggest a future direction of forest landscape ecology in China.     

Study on Reasonable Planning of Urban Forest Range

This paper stresses the necessity of defining range of urban forest and provides the basis for reasonably determining range of urban forest and some basic principles to be followed.     

林网化与水网化——中国城市森林建设理念

建设森林城市要求有足够的森林面积和通畅的水循环系统。本文以上海为例提出在人多地少与水系统不很通畅的中国发展城市林业必须走林网化和水网化的道路。为探索具有中国特色的城市森林发展新理念。作者从理念的内涵、依据、过渡和国内外比较研究等几方面作了阐述。       

城市森林水土流失率的研究

运用水土流失的新指标水流失率、水土流失率来考察城市降水水流失率和水土流失率。并对北京、伦敦的城市森林和河南长江流域山区水土保持林的水流失率进行了计算比较。得出水流失率、水土流失率是考察城市森林水土流失较好的指标。     

城市地区水土流失指标探讨

依据城市森林和城市水土流失的特点，本文提出考查城市水流失率、水土流失率的指标。并对北京、伦敦等城市和河南长江流域山区水土保持林的水流失率进行了计算比较，结果表明水流失率、水土流失率是考察城市地区和一般林地水土流失的较好指标。     

城市森林水土流失的研究

通过对北京、伦敦的城市森林和河南长江流域山区水土保持林的水流失率、土流失率及水土流失率进行了计算比较，得出了水流失率、水土流失率是考查城市森林水土流失较好的指标。从而可以运用该新指标来考查城市降水流失率和水土流失率。     

论城市森林的概况与我国城市森林建设的目标

分析了城市森林的产生、发展与标准、功能,对我国今后城市森林建设的主要目标进行了探讨。     

城市区域林水结合度研究——以广州市番禺区为例

文章在界定林水结合度内涵的基础上,提出了线状、面状、空间林水结合度的定义和计算方法。以广州市番禺区为例,根据目前研究现状、防护目标需求和土地资源限制,分别设定河流、农田水利、水库、坑塘植被缓冲带宽度。在此基础上,在GIS技术支持下,计算了现状和理想的林水结合度。       

中国城市森林可持续经营现状及发展对策

为了顺应21世纪世界林业的可持续发展趋势,根据中国城市化发展、社会经济进步和生态环境建设的需求,建立具有中国特色的城市森林可持续经营体系具有重要意义。文中在解析城市森林可持续经营相关概念的基础上,总结我国城市森林可持续经营的建设实践,提出目前存在的问题及发展对策,以期对我国城市森林的可持续经营提供借鉴。       

中国城市森林景观生态研究进展与展望

在分析中国城市森林景观生态相关研究工作的基础上, 从城市森林景观的概念、研究方法和城市森林景观生态研究现状等方面, 对我国近年来城市森林景观生态研究的一些问题进行了总结, 并对城市森林景观生态研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

我国城市森林建设初探

基于城市森林的内涵和功能以及城市森林建设的理论和法律依据,结合我国目前城市森林建设现状及存在的问题,提出了我国城市森林建设的思路和对策。