摩洛哥：柑桔产量增长47％

据摩洛哥农业部消息,2013／2014销售年摩洛哥柑桔产量220万t,同比增长47％,比过去6年的平均产量高37％。同期柑桔种植面积11．89万hm^2,同比增加6200hm^2,挂果面积9．2万hm^2,平均单产24t／hm^2。小果柑桔（主要为宽皮柑桔）预计产量为116万t,鲜食甜橙产量预计为100万t,柠檬及来檬产量预计为4．24万t。     

互助县燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播技术试验推广研究

互助县燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播试验推广结果表明,每公顷产鲜草64．01t,其中箭筈豌豆鲜草量占总产量的40．56％,比单播燕麦（平均产鲜草58．5t／hm^2）增产9．41％,比单播箭筈豌豆（平均产鲜草49．41/hm^2）增产29．55％;燕麦株高增长5．9cm,箭筈豌豆株茎增长34．1cm。     

阳春市水果业发展现状与对策

发展现状 规模较大2004年，广东省阳春市水果种植总面积为3．26万hm^2。投产面积2．1万hm^2．总产量13．4万t。总产值4．2亿元．占种植业总产值的30％。占农业总产值的8．2％。其中。柑桔种植面积0．91万hm^2，产量4万t（其中，马水桔0．42万hm^2、1．6万t）；龙眼0．73hm^2．3万t：荔枝0．55万hm^2。1．7万t：香蕉0．2万hm^2，2．8万t；酸梅0．12万hm^2,     

王草和象草在云南省亚热带地区的适应性研究

对王草和象草在云南省亚热带地区的适应性研究结果表明，两者在产量和养分的季节变化动态上有一定差异，在早期生长速度，再生性，年总产量和抗寒性等方面差异较小，多次刈割利用时，两者均表现出再生性好，饲草产量高的特点，其鲜草，干物质和粗蛋白的年总产，象草平均为298t/hm^2,53.7t/hm^2和4．18t/hm^2，王草为276t/hm^2,58.2t/hm^2和4．30t/hm^2，种植利用时两者可相互替代。     

直穗鹅观草引种试验

与野生直穗鹅观草相比，经过十多年引种驯化的直穗鹅观草表现出了较强的适应性和较好的生产性能，在林西县生育期约100d，平均干草产量可达4753．3kg，hm^2，生长2年和生长3年的种子产量平均达724．5kg/hm^2，干草产量和种子产量分别比野生直穗鹅观草增加17．0％和23．4％，干草产量与垂穗披碱草（4625．8kg/hm^2）和无芒雀麦（4788．2kg／hm^2）相近，但种子产量明显低于垂穗披碱草（1312．5kg／hm^2）和无芒雀麦（781．7kg/hm^2）。     

苏丹草-黑麦草轮作中氮磷钾配施对饲草产量与养分积累的影响

在大田试验条件下采用“盐池”苏丹草（Sorghum sudanense cv．Yanchi）与“邦德”一年生黑麦草（Lolium mzdtiflorum vc．Abundant）轮作研究氮磷钾肥配合施用对饲草产量及养分积累的影响。结果表明：氮磷钾配施处理中（NPKN450kg／hm^2、P2O5 180kg／hm^2、K2O300kg／hm^2）的饲草鲜草产量在各处理中最高,两季合计达162．7t／hm^2;其中苏丹草鲜草产量为102．3t／hm^2,分别比不施肥（CK）、不施氮（PK）、不施磷（NK）和不施钾（NP）处理增产352．7％、356．7％、28．2％和13．9％;黑麦草鲜草产量为60．4t／hm^2,分别比CK、PK、NK和NP处理增产344．1％、255．3％、24．8％和25．3％。配施NPK处理,全生育期饲草干物质目均积累量为65．2kg／hm^2,分别比CK、PK、NK和NP处理高215．0％、197．5％、22．00．4和9．6％,苏丹草与黑麦草的干物质日均积累量分别为104．5kg／hm^2和36．9kg／hm^2。氮磷钾配施显著促进饲草的养分积累,全生育期的饲草N、P2O5和K2O积累量分别为500kg／hm^2、210kg／hm^2和1196kg／hm^2,同时,N、P2O5和K2O日均积累量分别为1．37kg／hm^2、0．58kg／hm^2和3．29kg／hm^2^2;其中苏丹草的日均积累量分别为2．12kg／hm^2、0．79kg／hm^2和4．16kg／hm^2;黑麦草的日均积累量分别为0．84kg／hm^2,0．43kg／hm^2和2．66kg／hm^2。     

氮素用量和密度对玉米营养体产量的影响

研究了氮素施用量和密度对玉米营养体产量的影响。结果表明，增施氮素和增加种植密度对玉米营养体产量有显著的增产效应，在密度为15万株／hm^2，施氮237kg/hm^2时，玉米营养体产量最高，为32584.7kg/hm^2，比常规种植密度9万株/hm^2增产26％。玉米营养体产量乳熟期最大，适宜收割期宜在灌浆期。营养体生产较籽实生产收获期提前了50d，利用玉米营养体收获后的生长余季（8月1日－10月20日）生产毛叶苕子营养体，二者合计生产绿色营养体3．88万kg/hm^2，粗蛋白5638．51kg/hm^2，分别是籽实生产的1．5，3．77倍。光，热，水生产效率较籽实生产提高了47．8％。     

中原单32号饲用玉米引种初报

采用播量、品种二因子，进行了中原单32号饲用玉米引种对比试验研究。结果表明，中原单32号饲用玉米种植投入比常规地膜玉米低330元/公顷，籽实产量和秸秆产量分别高895．5kg／hm^2、11145kg/hm^2，生物量折合粗蛋白质比地膜玉米高1514．7kg/hm^2，种植效益提高20．84％。中原单32号饲用玉米不仅生物产量高，而且营养丰富，加工调制成青贮饲料，适口性好，营养价值高，应大力推广种植。     

五种高禾草在高寒地区生产性状的比较

3年的试验结果表明：5种高禾草在试种地区均能安全越冬。细茎冰草、绒毛冰草、多叶老芒麦、短芒老芒麦和无芒雀麦种植后第2，3年平均鲜草产量分别为24．05，11．51，25．52，24．40，23．63t／hm^2，平均产籽量分别为1．16，0，0．98，1．02，0．65t／hm^2，叶片占总重的比例分别为27．8％，22．4％，28．9％，24．8％和30．4％。除绒毛冰草因产草量和叶量较低，且种子不能成熟，不适于在该地区种植外，其余4种均可种植。     

2004年豆粕行情回顾及2005年展望

2004年国内大豆种植面积、产量均创历史新高，预计种植面积为980万hm^2，产量达到1800万t，比2003年分别增长8％和17％。另据海关统计2004年进口大豆2023万t，比2003年下降2．5％，这样2004年国内大豆总供应量在3800万t左右，其中用于压榨约2800万t。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.