鹦鹉常见DNA病毒性疾病研究综述

鹦鹉常见的DNA病毒性疾病有鹦鹉喙羽病、禽多瘤病毒感染、鹦鹉疱疹病毒感染、鹦鹉腺病毒感染、痘病毒感染、乳头瘤病毒感染等。本文对这些疾病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状以及诊断方法等进行了综述。     

鸽疱疹病毒与腺病毒感染的PCR检测方法的建立

鸽疱疹病毒和腺病毒是幼鸽常见的病原体,这些病毒共同引起一种疾病,称为幼鸽疾病综合征。论文建立了鸽疱疹病毒和腺病毒的PCR检测方法和双重PCR检测方法,并对发病鸽子进行了诊断。     

猫传染性鼻气管炎PCR检测方法的建立

本文通过设计特异性扩增猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型gD基因的引物,使用猫三联弱毒苗为模板建立了检测猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的PCR诊断方法,并对其灵敏性、特异性进行了评价,并将建立的PCR检测方法对临床样品进行了检测。实验结果证实,本实验建立的猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的PCR检测方法,其灵敏度可达到最低可检测10^5拷贝的病毒含量;特异性试验结果仅能扩增出猫三联弱毒苗。     

猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

建立猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(FHV-1)PCR检测方法,应用于临床样品中FHV-1的快速检测。根据猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的gI基因序列设计了一对特异性引物,以疑似猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型感染猫的眼鼻分泌物总DNA为模板,建立了PCR检测方法,对所建立的方法进行特异性、敏感性和重复性验证,并对26份临床样本进行检测。结果表明,所建立的PCR诊断方法与犬细小病毒(CPV)、犬瘟热病毒(CDV)、绵羊肺炎支原体(M.ovis)、牛支原体(M.bovis)、牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(BHV-1)均无交叉性反应,最低检测DNA模板浓度为3.23×10~3 copies/μL。对26份临床病例进行检测,阳性率61.54%。说明建立的FHV-1PCR检测方法具有特异性强、敏感度高、方便快捷等优点,适合于临床FHV-1感染的快速检测。     

禽腺病毒Ⅰ群C种4型病毒的荧光PCR诊断方法的建立

心包积水-肝炎综合征(HHS),是由腺病毒科禽腺病毒属Ⅰ群C种4血清型病毒引起的一种鸡新型传染病,对养鸡业危害较大。当前该病的诊断主要依靠普通PCR,敏感性和高通量受到限制。本研究建立了一种Taqman荧光PCR方法,该方法特异性强,敏感性高较普通PCR提高1 000倍,经临床样品验证,本方法适用于临床发病病例的诊断和临床正常鸡只的流行病学调查,并适用于高通量检测。为该病的防控提供了一种有效的手段。     

Ⅰ群禽腺病毒套式PCR检测方法的建立与应用

本研究根据GenBank发表的Ⅰ群禽腺病毒(Fowl adenovirus,FAdV)基因序列,设计了2对通用检测引物,通过反应体系和条件优化,建立了Ⅰ群禽腺病毒套式PCR检测方法。通过灵敏性检测、特异性试验以及对临床病料中FAdV检测验证实用性与可靠性。建立的套式PCR检测方法灵敏度为3.12×10-6 ng/μL;特异性试验证实该方法仅能从FAdV参考阳性株扩增出750 bp的预期目的条带,其他5种常见禽病毒均为阴性。结果表明,本研究成功建立了一种灵敏度高、特异性好的检测Ⅰ群禽腺病毒通用套式PCR方法,为临床FAdV感染的快速准确诊断提供了技术手段。     

鸟类疱疹病毒感染的实验室检测方法

<正>很多鸟类都可能感染疱疹病毒,已见报道的有鹦鹉、鸬鹚、鹤、孔雀、天鹅、鹰、隼、枭和鹌鹑等。目前鸟类的大多数疱疹病毒已被肯定,一般采用1982年Roiman的建议进行命名。临床诊断时,疱疹病毒引起的鸟类疾病有三个类型。     

猫疱疹病毒1型PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种猫疱疹病毒1型的PCR检测方法,根据猫疱疹病毒1型的gD基因序列设计了1对特异性引物,以猫三联疫苗为模板,扩增出1125bp的目的基因片段,该产物序列与GenBank上公布的基因序列同源性为100%。特异性和敏感性试验表明,该方法对犬三联疫苗、猪伪狂犬病弱毒苗均无交叉性反应;并且最小可检出含有103个拷贝的样品。使用此PCR方法与间接免疫荧光分别对30个临床样品进行了检测,表明其可从24个间接免疫荧光检测阳性样品中检出23个阳性,符合率为95.8%。本研究初步建立了快速检测猫疱疹病毒1型的PCR方法,为猫传染性鼻气管炎的检验检疫及临床早期诊断奠定了基础。     

鸟类疱疹病毒感染的实验室检测方法

<正>很多鸟类都可能感染疱疹病毒,已见报道的有鹦鹉、鸬鹚、鹤、孔雀、天鹅、鹰、隼、枭和鹌鹑等。目前鸟类的大多数疱疹病毒已被肯定,一般采用1982年Roiman的建议进行命名。临床诊断时,疱疹病毒引起的鸟类疾病有三个类型。     

锦鲤疱疹病毒双基因检测方法的研究

为建立锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)双基因检测方法,本研究根据KHV聚合酶基因(Sph)和胸苷激酶基因(TK)的保守序列设计2对引物,建立两基因同时检测的PCR方法.结果表明,利用双基因同时检测KHV,可以同时特异扩增出570 bp和155 bp片段,而与鲤春病毒血症病毒、传染性造血器官坏死病毒和鲤鱼疱疹病毒无扩增反应.而且所建立的双基因检测方法对临床样品的检测结果与单一PCR方法比较符合率为100％.为进一步研究KHV以及诊断方法奠定了基础.     

Viral infections in pigeons

This review provides a current update on the major viral diseases of the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica), based on scientific reports and clinical experience. Paramyxovirus 1, adenovirus, rotavirus, herpesvirus 1, poxvirus and circovirus infections are described according to common clinical signs and target tissues. Since pigeons are sometimes treated as if they were poultry, the review also summarises the common viral infections of poultry for which pigeons are considered resistant. It is hoped that the review will provide a useful reference for veterinarians and others and offer advice on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the major infectious diseases of pigeons.     

Polymerase chain reaction analysis for viruses in paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis

OBJECTIVE: To perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and dogs with myocarditis to screen for canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus. SAMPLE POPULATION: Myocardial specimens from 18 dogs with an antemortem diagnosis of DCM and 9 dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of myocarditis were evaluated. PROCEDURE: Paraffin-embedded myocardial specimens were screened for viral genome by PCR analysis. Positive-control specimens were developed from cell cultures as well as paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from dogs with clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of viral infection with canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus. The histologic characteristics of all myocardial specimens were classified regarding extent, location, and type of inflammation and fibrosis. RESULTS: Canine adenovirus type 1 was amplified from 1 specimen from a dog with DCM. Canine parvovirus, adenovirus type 2, and herpesvirus were not amplified from any myocardial specimens. Histologic analysis of specimens from dogs with DCM revealed variable amounts of fibrosis; myocardial inflammation was observed in 1 affected dog. Histopathologic analysis of specimens from dogs with myocarditis disclosed variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Viral agents canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus are not commonly associated with DCM or active myocarditis in dogs. Additional studies evaluating for nucleic acid from viruses that less commonly affect dogs or different types of infectious agents may be warranted to gain insight into the cause of DCM and myocarditis in dogs.     

Canine respiratory viruses

Acute contagious respiratory disease (kennel cough) is commonly described in dogs worldwide. The disease appears to be multifactorial and a number of viral and bacterial pathogens have been reported as potential aetiological agents, including canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus and Bordetella bronchiseptica, as well as mycoplasmas, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, canine herpesvirus and reovirus-1,-2 and -3. Enhancement of pathogenicity by multiple infections can result in more severe clinical forms. In addition, acute respiratory diseases associated with infection by influenza A virus, and group I and II coronaviruses, have been described recently in dogs. Host species shifts and tropism changes are likely responsible for the onset of these new pathogens. The importance of the viral agents in the kennel cough complex is discussed.     

Detection of a novel herpesvirus associated with squamous cell carcinoma in a free-ranging Blanding’s turtle

The spread of both infectious and noninfectious diseases through wildlife populations is of increasing concern. Neoplastic diseases are rarely associated with population-level impacts in wildlife; however, impacts on individual health can be severe and might reflect deteriorating environmental conditions. An adult male free-ranging Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) originally captured in 2005 and deemed healthy, was recaptured in 2018 with a 1 × 1.5 cm intra-oral broad-based right mandibular mass. An excisional biopsy was performed, and histopathology revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Consensus herpesvirus PCR identified a novel herpesvirus (proposed name Emydoidea herpesvirus 2 [EBHV-2]) within the tumor. EBHV-2 shares 85% sequence homology with Terrapene herpesvirus 2 (TerHV-2), a herpesvirus linked to fibropapillomas in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Virus-associated fibropapillomas have been identified in multiple marine turtle species and have had debilitating effects on their populations, but to date, virus-associated SCCs are rarely reported.     

Concurrent T cell leukaemia and equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in a Hanoverian Warmblood mare

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) and primary leukaemia are uncommon diseases in horses. This case report describes a horse with both diseases which might be linked via the equine γ‐herpesvirus EHV‐5. In man Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), also a γ‐herpesvirus, is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as is EHV‐5 with EMPF. Furthermore, EBV is also associated with lymphoproliferative disease. Similarly in horses, primary leukaemia might be associated with EHV‐5. This is the first report associating EHV‐5 with primary leukaemia in horses.     

应用于兽用疫苗研发的病毒载体研究进展

对应用于兽用疫苗研发的病毒载体,包括痘病毒载体、疱疹病毒载体、腺病毒载体、杆状病毒载体、副粘病毒载体、弹状病毒载体、甲病毒载体、冠状病毒载体、反转录病毒载体、黄病毒载体等DNA和RNA病毒载体的研究进展进行了综述,以期为我国基因工程活载体疫苗研发工作提供参考.     

Multidrug-resistant bacterial ingluvitis associated with squamous cell carcinoma in a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).

A 2-year-old budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) was presented to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for chronic regurgitation. Multiple drug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca was cultured from the crop. Necropsy revealed a mass in the crop that was histologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of SCC in a budgerigar associated with a multidrug-resistant bacterial ingluvitis.     

Infectious diseases of dogs and cats on Isabela Island, Galapagos

BACKGROUND: Vaccination and importation of dogs and cats are prohibited in the Galapagos, resulting in a uniquely isolated population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases of dogs and cats that impact their health, could spill over to native wildlife, or sentinel diseases of concern to humans. HYPOTHESIS: The isolation of dogs and cats in the Galapagos protects them from diseases common in mainland populations. ANIMALS: Ninety-five dogs and 52 cats presented during a neutering campaign. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed. Blood was collected for serological and DNA evaluation of a panel of infectious diseases. RESULTS: Antibodies against parvovirus (100%), parainfluenza virus (100%), adenovirus 1/2 (66-67%), and distemper virus (22%) were present in dogs. Dirofilaria immitis was also common in dogs (34%), with lower prevalences of Wolbachia pipiens (22%), Bartonella sp. (13%), Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp. (1%), and Mycoplasma haemocanis (1%) observed. Antibodies against panleukopenia virus (67%), Toxoplasma gondii (63%), calicivirus (44%), and herpesvirus 1 (10%) were detected in cats. Feline leukemia virus antigen, feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, or coronavirus antibodies were not detected. Bartonella sp. (44%) infections were common in cats, but only one was infected with M. haemofelis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Despite their relative seclusion from the rest of the world, cats and dogs of Isabela were exposed to many pathogens found in mainland South America. Parasite prophylaxis, neutering, and strict enforcement of animal movement restrictions would control a majority of the diseases. In the absence of vaccination, a reservoir of susceptible animals remains vulnerable to new disease introductions.     

Seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in North-Western Turkey

Bovine respiratory disease complex is a very important health problem around the world. Present study describes serological distribution of bovine major respiratory viruses in non -vaccinated cattle population of Marmara region in north-western Turkey. Neutralising antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (PI-3), bovine adenovirus serotype 1 (BAV-1) and serotype 3 (BAV-3) were investigated. Among 584 serum samples collected from 39 establishments in 7 provinces, 41.4% were positive for BVDV, 17.1% for BHV-1, 73.0% for BRSV, 43.0% for PI-3, 89.5% for BAV-1 and 92.3% for BAV-3. There were significant differences observed between seroprevalence rates detected in neighbouring provinces. Serological prevalence of BVDV, BHV-1 and BRSV were extremely higher in large capacity dairy farms than of small capacity farms (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates that herd capacity is a very important risk factor for respiratory viruses and, on the other hand bovine adenoviruses and BRSV are the common reason of respiratory diseases in the region.