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1.
Daidzein and genistein are plant-to-bacterium signal compounds involved in soybean nodule formation. They can induce nod gens expression in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The objective of this study was to determine whether the production of signal molecules was affected by low root zone temperatures (RZTs) in a manner that varied among soybean cultivars. Daidzein and genistein concentrations of soybean seedling roots were measured at three RZTs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that daidzein content and concentration per plant were higher at 15 and 17.5°C than those at 25°C. AC Bravor had higher daidzein contents and concentrations than did Maple Glen and KG20. At 17.5°C. KG20 had higher genistein content and concentration levels than Maple Glen, and no difference existed for the two cultivars at 15 and 25 C. Daidzein contents and concentrations of Maple Glen and AC Bravor increased with harvest time. However, for cultivar KG20, the content and concentration decreased at 19 days after inoculation. Genistein contents and concentrations of the three cultivars increased under each RZT up to the last harvest. There was an interaction between soybean cultivar and RZT for root genistein and daidzein contents and concentrations. The content and concentration of daidzein in soybean seedling roots were much higher (more than five times) than those of genistein.  相似文献   

2.
Four maize genotypes from North West Europe, tropical highlands and tropical lowlands were grown at constant temperatures (14°C; 24°C), diurnal temperature variations (18°/10°C; 28°/20°C) and at temperatures alternating every three days (18°+ 10°C; 28°+ 20°C) until the three leaves stage. Fluctuating temperatures were generally favourable for growth with most marked effects at an average of 14°C when 18°/10°C were applied. Temperature situation had pronounced effects on morphological and biochemical traits like area of second leaves and activity of phosphofructokinase but between these traits and growth rates no close relationship existed. For all traits genotype specific reaction patterns to temperature situation existed. One tropical highland variety excelled by fast growth, especially at low fluctuating temperatures. A specific chilling susceptibility of the tropical lowland variety was only marked for growth at constant 14°C.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of the experiment was to verify whether changes in photosynthetic activity measured by means of chlorophyll fluorescence techniques and soluble carbohydrate level induced during pre-hardening and cold acclimation in androgenic forms of Festulolium are related to their winter hardiness and pathogen resistance. The study was performed on six androgenic genotypes of Festulolium, which differ in their degrees of winter hardiness. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and sugar content were measured in the control plants, pre-hardened at 12 °C and cold-acclimated at 2 °C. Cold acclimation at 2 °C, preceded by pre-hardening at 12 °C, induced a decline in maximum PSII quantum efficiency ( F v/ F m) and in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Exposure to 2 °C also resulted in reduced efficiency of energy conversion in photochemical processes ( q p). The soluble carbohydrate amount increased in the susceptible genotypes and was associated with a decline in NPQ and current quantum yield of PSII (φPSII). In resistant plants, a decrease in the sugar content was observed, which could be explained by their consumption in metabolic processes initiated during cold acclimation. The changes in sugar content were associated with a decline in NPQ and q p.  相似文献   

4.
The effect of heat stress on the components of grain weight was analysed in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) varieties differing in grain weight stability. The wheat varieties PBW154, Sonalika and Hindi62 were raised in the field (New Delhi, India; 77°12' E, 28°40' N, 228.6 m a.s.l.) at three dates of sowing: 19 November 1992 (DOS I), 14 December 1992 (DOS II) and 18 January 1993 (DOS III). The late-sown crop (DOS III) experienced 6–8 °C warmer temperatures during grain development than the crop sown at the normal time (DOS I). The heat susceptibility index (S) revealed that grain weight was less susceptible to heat in Sonalika and PBW154 than in Hindi62. Heat stress reduced both the grain growth duration (GGD) and the grain growth rate (GGR). The grain weight reduction in PBW154 and Sonalika was mainly due to a reduction in GGR, while that of Hindi62 was due to a reduction in GGD. In vivo studies on starch and protein synthesis in excised endosperm at 15, 25 and 35 °C revealed that both processes were more thermotolerant in Hindi62 than in PBW154. The grain starch content was stable in Hindi62 while that in PBW154 was significantly reduced under heat stress. The grain nitrogen content at maturity increased in both varieties under heat stress. It was concluded that the heat susceptibility of grain weight in Hindi62 was mainly due to a reduction in GGD, although GGR, starch and protein synthesis were more thermotolerant in developing grains of Hindi62 than in those of PBW154.  相似文献   

5.
土培桶栽抗寒品种GT28与不抗寒品种ROC22,测定正常(28℃)和低温(4℃)条件下甘蔗幼苗叶片的质膜透性、叶绿素荧光参数等相关生理指标。结果表明,低温与正常条件下相比,两品种幼苗叶片的膜透性显著增大,且ROC22增幅较大;初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)显著上升,最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、反应中心激发能捕获效率(Fv'/Fm')、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、PSII实际量子效率(ΦPSII)均下降,以ROC22降幅较大;叶绿体希尔反应活力、Mg2+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase活性下降,叶绿体中丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,以ROC22变幅较大;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均上升,GT28的增幅比ROC22显著。上述参数与品种抗寒性密切相关,GT28比ROC22抗寒性更强。  相似文献   

6.
An early maturing soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar has been developed with substantially higher seed protein concentration than previously available cultivars. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the high protein line under field conditions in Eastern Canada, and to investigate the interrelationships between protein and oil concentrations, seed weight and yield. A field experiment, including the high protein line OT89-16 and its recurrent backcross parent Maple Arrow grown side by side, was conducted at McGill University, during 1990 and 1991. The protein concentration of OT89-16 was 17 % greater than that of Maple Arrow for both years. However, the protein yield of OT89-16 was not significantly increased, the oil content was 19 to 23 % lower, and oil yield per ha was over 30 % lower than those of Maple Arrow. The lower yield of OT89-16 was closely associated with its lighter seeds. Further efforts to improve the high protein line should attempt to maintain the same high protein levels but achieve yield equal to that of the parent line through selection for heavier seeds.  相似文献   

7.
The frequency of soybean white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, SWM) outbreaks has increased since 1978, and this disease is currently considered to be the second most important cause of soybean yield loss worldwide. We have studied SWM in stems of soybean cultivar Maple Arrow, which shows partial resistance to SWM, in an attempt to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying soluble pigment(s) content, which is associated with SWM resistance. A SWM-susceptible cultivar, Hefeng 25, was crossed with Maple Arrow, and 149 F5:6 recombinant inbred lines were subsequently advanced through single-seed-descent. A total of 109 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map. Three QTLs for soluble pigment content in soybean stems associated with the resistance to SWM, namely, Qsp-1 (Satt502-Sat_159), Qsp-2 (Sat_156-Satt251), and Qsp-3 (Satt525-Satt233), were identified in 2007 and 2008 and located onto linkage groups D1a+q, B1 and A2, respectively. The phenotypic variation (R 2) explained by these QTLs ranged from 6.29 to 15.37%. These three QTLs were not significantly related to known QTLs associated with escape resistant mechanisms. The use of these QTLs in marker-assisted selection may contribute to improved soybean resistance to SWM.  相似文献   

8.
为探讨激活蛋白对大豆生长、产量的影响,以大豆冀豆17为研究对象,利用光合仪与称重法测量了不同浓度极细链格孢激活蛋白(1,2,3,4,5,6μg/m L)处理后大豆的光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及产量。结果表明,随着施用的极细链格孢激活蛋白浓度的增加,大豆叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、有效量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)呈先上升后下降的趋势。施用1,2,3,4μg/m L浓度的极细链格孢激活蛋白不仅提高了大豆叶绿素含量,而且增加了大豆叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,同时还能提高叶绿素荧光的最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、有效量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)。其中以3,4μg/m L浓度的处理效果最好。施用更高浓度的激活蛋白(5,6μg/m L),上述光合特性与叶绿素荧光促进效果下降或者消失。施用中浓度激活蛋白(3,4μg/m L)大豆产量增加了11.21%~14.76%。结果表明,喷洒合适浓度的极细链格孢激活蛋白是一种促进大豆增产的有效措施。  相似文献   

9.
M. Havaux 《Plant Breeding》1989,102(4):327-332
Chilling temperatures drastically inhibited the photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qQ) measured in intact leaves photosynthesizing under steady-state conditions. This effect appeared, however, to be characteristic of chilling-susceptible plant species and was not observed in plants which are known to be chilling-tolerant, indicating that the measurement of qQ can serve in practice to estimate rapidly the relative chilling tolerance of crop plants. A large number (28) of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense) genotypes were screened for chilling tolerance using this rapid qQ method. Although sweet sorghum and sudan grass obviously behaved as chilling-sensitive plants, a considerable variation for chilling susceptibility was observed among the different genotypes tested. Some sweet sorghum varieties, such as ‘Dale’ and ‘Keller’, and most of the sudan grass varieties appeared to possess a certain degree of resistance towards low temperature stress, indicating the existence of useful germplasms in Sorghum for improving stress tolerance.  相似文献   

10.
本实验以不同世代水旱回交渗入系BC3、BC4、4份旱稻品种和1份水稻品种为研究材料;比较孕穗期干旱胁迫条件下,不同材料间产量、生物量和经济系数的差异及光合参数与产量关系。研究结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下BC4代渗入系平均产量、生物量和经济系数显著高于水稻品种,与旱稻品种无显著差异;BC3渗入系群体平均产量、生物量和经济系数显著低于旱稻品种与水稻沈农265无显著差异,这表明BC4代在干旱胁迫条件下能更好使旱稻抗旱性和水稻的丰产性得到统一。光化学淬灭系数(qN)与产量和经济系数相关显著其相关系数为0.257和0.308;所有光合参数与生物量相关均不显著;光下最大叶绿素荧光(Fm)和最小叶绿素荧光(F0)与经济系数显著负相关,其相关系数为-0.257和-0.224。  相似文献   

11.
Co-inoculation of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with B. japonicum has been shown to increase soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nodulation, nitrogen fixation, growth and physiological activity at suboptimal root zone temperatures (RZTs). We studied the survival and growth of seven PGPR inoculated on soybean in a sterile rooting medium at three RZTs (25, 17.5 and 15 °C) on a growth bench. The survival of the two most promising strains ( Serratia liquefaciens 2-68 and S. proteamaculans 1-102) was studied under field conditions in methyl bromide fumigated and non-fumigated soils. In general, population densities varied with temperature. PGPR strains generally colonized the rhizosphere and root surface effeciently at higher RZTs; however, S. proteamaculans 1-102 colonized best at a low RZT (15 °C). The population of PGPR applied to the rhizosphere either with or without addition of B. japonicum increased over time in fumigated soil as compared to non-fumigated soil, indicating that the PGPR survive and proliferate better under fumigated conditions. S. liquefaciens 2-68 had higher population densities both on the root and in the rhizosphere, demonstrating, their ability to colonize under short-season conditions. The possible interactions between the two cultivars (Maple Glen and AC Bravor) and the PGPR were generally not significant, despite observations that growth and yield of AC Bravor respond more strongly to PGPR inoculation.  相似文献   

12.
为研究持续干旱对油棕叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响,以油棕2 年生幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽方式模拟自然持续干旱,测定叶绿素荧光参数及叶绿素含量,并运用隶属函数法对其抗旱性进行综合分析。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,油棕叶片叶绿素含量、可变荧光(Fv)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光与最大荧光比(Fv/Fm)均降低;初始荧光(F0)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则升高,说明干旱胁迫伤害了光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ),使得PSⅡ原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)降低,光合电子传递、光合原初反应过程受到抑制,起光保护作用的热耗散(NPQ)提高。4 个品种的叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿素含量的变化存在品种间差异,整个处理过中对干旱的适应性‘热油6号’>‘热油8号’>‘热油2号’>‘热油4号’,因此,叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿素含量可作为抗旱性强弱的诊断指标用于油棕抗旱育种及相关研究。  相似文献   

13.
Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence analysis by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) measurements was performed to assess the extent of chilling injury (CI) in stored sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. Changes in three photosynthetic characteristics, in relation to visible CI rating, were monitored in leaves following modification of their chilling susceptibility by varying storage temperature and duration in two basil cultivars, or by soil application of triazole. Basil leaves developed severe or moderate visible symptoms of CI after 4 days of storage at 4 or 8 °C, respectively, but remained undamaged when stored at 12 °C. The chilling-dependent changes obtained in the ratios of variable to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm), represented chilling sensitivity rather than membrane damage. The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) was unaffected by low temperatures and did not seem to be correlated with CI. On the other hand, changes in the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP) were positively correlated with the appearance of visual CI symptoms in leaves of the two cultivars at all storage temperatures and durations. Similarly, the chilling-alleviating effect of triazole was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the chilling-induced decrease of qNP. Therefore, qNP may be associated with an irreversible transition step in the CI process, which precedes the appearance of visual symptoms. As such, changes in qNP may provide a suitable, rapid and non-destructive criterion for estimation of chilling damage in green tissues.  相似文献   

14.
为了揭示烟草叶片光能利用和光保护系统在铝诱导的活性氧代谢中的作用机理,以2个不同耐铝性的烟草品种云烟100(耐铝)和云烟105(敏感)为材料,采用水培法研究了不同铝浓度(0,50,100,200μmol/L)对烟草植株生长、叶片活性氧含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数、光呼吸、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响。结果表明,铝浓度的升高显著降低了烟草叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P),提高了反应中心PSⅡ过剩激发能,从而导致叶片O_2-·和H2O_2含量升高,植株生物量下降,其中对云烟105影响大于云烟100。随铝处理浓度的升高,烟草叶片非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、光呼吸速率、SOD和APX活性呈先升后降的趋势。与敏感品种云烟105相比,耐铝品种云烟100在不同铝浓度胁迫下表现出更高的ΦPSⅡ、q P、NPQ、光呼吸速率以及SOD和APX活性,说明低浓度铝胁迫下烟草叶片可通过提高光化学反应能力、热耗散、光呼吸以及抗氧化酶活性等途径来降低反应中心PSⅡ过剩激发能,防止或清除活性氧的积累,从而增强其对铝的耐性。  相似文献   

15.
水分胁迫对甘薯叶绿素荧光和光合特性的影响   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
以甘薯品种皖84-559,徐州18,为材料,测定功能叶片的光合和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。水分胁迫下,徐州18叶绿素含量、光合速率、PSⅡ原初光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)的下降较少;非光化学猝灭系数(qN)增加较少。表明徐州18在水分胁迫条件下,光合机构受破坏较轻,其吸收的光能能较多的用于光化学转化能力,通过热耗散的能量较少。  相似文献   

16.
以两个耐热性不同的菜豆品种85-CT(耐热)和BBL-47(热敏感)为试材,研究其在不同高温胁迫强度下叶绿素a荧光参数的差异,结果表明:两个品种的叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm及Fv/Fo、电子传递速率(ETR)、均随高温胁迫时间延长呈下降趋势,但耐热品种85-CT下降幅度较热敏感品种BBL-47平缓,BBL-47随高温胁迫时间延长,其叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学曲线中的第二峰(M峰)消失。  相似文献   

17.
以4个北方常规粳稻品种为材料,于孕穗期施加80 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫测定了水稻叶片叶绿素荧光参数及体内离子含量的变化,以揭示盐胁迫下水稻离子积累与叶绿素荧光特性的相关性。结果表明盐胁迫下水稻叶片最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ的实际光合效率(PhiPSⅡ)、表观光合量子传递效率(ETR)和光化学猝灭(qP)均呈下降趋势最小初始荧光(Fo)和非光化学猝灭(qN)呈升高趋势。盐胁迫导致水稻体内Na+、Cl-积累显著增加,K+积累显著下降,SO42-、PO43-和NO3-含量较对照差异不显著。盐胁迫下水稻叶绿素荧光参数与Na+、Cl-和SO42-含量呈显著负相关,与K+和PO43-含量呈显著正相关,与NO3-含量相关性不显著。以上结果表明水稻体内有害离子在盐胁迫下会过量积累这是导致水稻叶片光合结构破坏和光合作用效率下降的重要原因。  相似文献   

18.
The after effect of continuous and variable chilling temperatures acting periodically for 7 days at seedling stage (day/night: 2/2°C, 5/5°C, 15/2°C, 15/5°C, 15/15°C and control–22/18°C) on growth, development and final yield of soybean cultivar Polan and Progres were investigated. The temperature decrease lengthened the duration of the vegetation period before flowering for both cultivars, which allowed compensation for the reduced–as an effect of chilling–rate of daily increments in the leaf area and the dry weight of the above-ground parts of the plants. The most important symptom of chilling treatment was a considerable increase in the number of axillary branches after flowering, which caused an increase in the dry weight of plants. The subsequent reaction of the growth of leaves to chilling at seedling stage was, after flowering, variety dependent. The area of leaves bigger at Polan or similar to control at Progres ensured good seed filling in an increased number of pods developed on axillary branches. Chill-induced delay in plants development allowed the avoidance of low temperature occurring during flowering in this experiment. This chilling during flowering was one of the reasons of worse-pod setting and reduction of seeds per pod number at control plants.  相似文献   

19.
北方寒旱区白菜型冬油菜安全越冬的临界指标分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用2011-2014年北方13个省、市、区48个不同生态点试验的数据,分析不同品种在不同生态点的越冬率、产量变化,越冬率与产量的相关性,旨在研究白菜型冬油菜在北方不同生态区的越冬安全性,确定北方冬油菜通用的安全越冬的越冬率临界值,明确影响北方冬油菜越冬率的主要因子。结果表明,不同白菜型冬油菜品种在北方不同生态地区越冬率差异较大,产量也差异较大,越冬率变幅为10%~99%,强抗寒品种越冬率>70%。回归分析表明,越冬率与产量存在明显的线性正相关,回归方程符合y=ax+b, 当越冬率<70%时,产量随越冬率的增加而增加,当越冬率为70%时单位面积产量基本趋于稳定, 越冬率大于70%时,越冬率对产量的影响不明显。协方差分析表明,与冬油菜越冬率相关性最为密切的因子是品种,其次是极端最低气温、冬季气温、年均气温、≤0℃的冬季负积温、纬度、经度等。因此,70%的越冬率可作为北方地区冬油菜通用安全越冬的越冬率临界值,采用强抗寒品种,极端最低气温–31.79℃、冬季气温–7.20℃、年均气温6.38℃、负积温–997.57℃,纬度低于44.83°,经度高于80.34°是保证冬油菜安全越冬的必要条件。  相似文献   

20.
These studies demonstrate that epicuticular wax may effect the water balance of cabbage under high temperature conditions. In ten week old leaves we did not observe that the cristalline structured wax of the variety Kinsyun was reduced as in three week old leaves compared to Sousyu at high day and night temperatures. Neither the wax structure nor the amount of surface wax of eight varieties could be correlated with their ability to build a head. That head formation of the heat tolerant Sousyu stopped at 27/29°C (day/night) suddenly after starting between leaf stage 11 and 15 could not be explained with differences in the optimum of the photosynthesis or water stress.
Growth parameters such as leaf number, length, area and dry weight of additional varieties, Akiou and Braunschweiger, first recommended for summer growing in warm areas and later in a temperate climate, were determined after three month exposure to mean temperature regimes of 27/29, 27/24 and 24/24°C in growth cabins.  相似文献   

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