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近年来由动物疫病、药残等引起的食源性疾病数量不断上升,已成为影响各国公共健康和经济发展的重要因素。为此,切实加强动物卫生风险分析工作,研究重大动物疫病风险分析概念框架,构建适合我国国情的动物疫病风险分析模型,已成为进一步提高我国重大动物疫病防控能力和动物产品安全监管水平,不断提升我国养殖业国际竞争力的一项十分重要而紧迫的任务。同时,动物卫生风险分析也是世界动物卫生领域一种新的工作理念和管理模式,是制定动物卫生政策和开展畜产品国际贸易的一项基础性工作。近年来,国内专家学者不断将国际动物卫生风险分析的最新研究成果和国内动物卫生现状相结合,逐步探讨具有本土化特色的动物卫生风险分析的理论和相应的技术方法,其研究结果对国际动物卫生领域的不断完善和发展起到了促进作用。本研究对近年来不断涌现的动物卫生风险分析的相关研究文献进行汇总分析,以明晰该方向研究工作的进展和动态,并探析动物卫生风险分析领域存在的问题,以期为补充和完善该领域的研究工作提供一定的基础。 相似文献
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《动物检疫》2013,(12):51-51
中国动物卫生与流行病学中心按照农业部兽医局的工作部署,2013年11月18.20日,全国动物卫生风险分析专家委员会在青岛举行动物卫生风险分析培训研讨会。来自北京、重庆、湖北等13个已成立动物卫生风险评估专家组织的省份相关负责人及专家、全国动物卫生风险评估专家委员会部分专家以及公益性项目一动物卫生风险分析关键技术与应用研究相关子课题负责人共60多人参加了此次会议。中国动物卫生与流行病学中心主任马洪超出席会议并讲话,中国.欧盟世贸项目首席专家JavierBurchard博士及德国联邦风险分析研究所代表Miiller-Graf博士出席会议并致辞。 相似文献
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随着贸易和运输物流网络的发展,动物和动物产品的移动更加快速和频繁,因而畜牧业面临的外源和内源性动物疫病传播风险日渐加剧,使得风险评估在动物疫病防控中的技术支撑地位和作用日益显现。本文概述了国际、国内和安徽省动物卫生风险分析应用现状,分析了在学科建设、制度建设、监测体系、人才队伍和经费支持方面存在的问题,并从构建重大动物疫病风险评估体系,完善动物卫生风险分析制度,加强人才培养,提升技术能力以及完善监测体系和大数据共享等方面,提出了加强和完善动物疫病风险评估建设的建议,以期为重大动物疫病风险评估工作的开展提供参考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献