桤木人工林细根与土壤养分含量季节动态变化

对桤木人工林细根、土壤养分含量的季节变化及其两者之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:(1)桤木细根中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季高,春季最低;微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cd含量冬季最低,春夏季较高.(2)土壤各层中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季最低,夏季最高;微量元素Mn、Zn含量在冬季最低,秋季最高;Fe、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd含量在冬季最高,春秋较低.(3)细根和土壤中大量元素含量在冬季存在负相关关系,微量元素Fe、Ni、Cd含量在一年四季均存在显著负相关关系,Mn、Cu含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在负相关关系,Zn、Pb含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在正相关关系.     

落叶松人工林土壤腐殖物质组分及其对酸度的影响

对落叶松人工纯林不同发育阶段幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林、成熟林及二代幼龄林土壤腐殖物质组分变化及其对酸度的影响进行研究,以次生林和一代幼龄林为对照,比较不同发育阶段落叶松人工林与天然次生林、一代幼龄林与二代幼龄林土壤有机质含量、腐殖物质组分特征的差异.结果表明:落叶松人工林从幼龄林到近熟林根际与非根际土壤有机质含量、胡敏酸含碳量、胡敏素含碳量随林龄的增大而增大;近熟林到成熟林根际与非根际土壤有机质含量、富啡酸含碳量和胡敏素含碳量随着林龄的增大而降低;土壤腐殖化程度(土壤中胡敏酸占全C的百分比)和土壤腐殖质中胡敏酸含碳量与富啡酸含碳量比值(HA/FA)为次生林大于幼龄林和近熟林;二代幼龄林与一代幼龄林相比,根际土壤有机质含量、富啡酸含碳量和胡敏素含碳量分别降低4.53%、35.8%和1.98%,非根际土壤有机质含量、胡敏酸含碳量、富啡酸含碳量和胡敏素含碳量分别提高46.44%、43.69%、47.45%和49.5%;土壤腐殖物质组分与酸度的相关关系随着年龄的变化而变化,并且不同发育阶段根际土壤腐殖物质组分与根际土壤活性酸(pH值)、交换性酸、水解性酸相关性密切.     

Cambial Anatomy and Annual Rhythm of Secondary Xylem Development in the Twigs of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) Growing in Different Forests of Gujarat State

Abstract

Seasonal behavior of vascular cambium and development of secondary xylem were studied in the 2-3-years-old branches of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) growing in moist deciduous (MDF), dry deciduous (DDF) and scrub land (SF) forests of Gujarat State. Development of xylem began with the sprouting of new leaves in January in both MDF and DDF. Xylem production culminated in July in MDF whereas it reached peak in April and July in DDF. Cambial cells ceased to divide with the maturation of leaves in November and October in MDF and DDF, respectively. Mature xylem and phloem derivatives surrounded the cambium in December in MDF and November in DDF. Radial growth in the branches of trees growing in SF was found continuous throughout the year with peak cambial activity in April, July and November. In all the three forests, maximal radial growth was encountered in July when the rains were heavy. Cambial activity and xylem development showed significant correlation with the phenology of the trees in MDF and DDF whereas cambium was found active throughout the year and no correlation was found between the cambial activity and phenology in SF.     

阔叶红松混交林不同大小林隙土壤含水量的时空异质性

在小兴安岭阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)混交林林隙及其周围郁闭林分内,通过网格法布点,于2010年7—9月使用TDR200测定中、小林隙I III层的土壤含水量。运用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析各土层土壤含水量的基本特征及同一林隙各样点土壤含水量的差异性,利用surfer 8.0软件进行克立格空间局部插值,并绘制各土层土壤含水量空间分布图,分析林隙土壤含水量的时空异质性。结果表明:中、小林隙I III土层土壤含水量均呈中等程度变异。随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水量提高,土壤含水量的斑块连接度增大。土壤含水量最大值出现在林隙中心和近中心区域,并呈现出随土层深度增加面积扩大并向中心靠拢的变化趋势;土壤含水量最小值出现在扩展林隙及其郁闭林分内。中、小林隙中心与边缘土壤含水量的差异均为II层较I和III层大。7—9月土壤含水量均值呈单峰型变化,最大值出现在8月,且中林隙土壤含水量较小林隙的大;9月I和II层土壤含水量较8月大幅度减小,但III层与8月相比差异较小。     

Comparative study of the stoichiometric characteristics of karst and non-karst forests in Guizhou,China

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) levels and their stoichiometry in plant components (leaves, branch trunks, roots) of trees in a karst forest and non-karst forest are compared. The results show that the C contents, C:N and C:P ratios of dominant species in the karst forest were lower than those in the non-karst forest, but the N and P and the N:P ratio were higher;C:N:P ratios in plant organs of trees in the karst forest were in the order of trunks>roots>branches>leaves. However, C:N:P ratio in the non-karst forest trees were trunks>branches>roots>leaves. Moreover, ratio of C:N:P in trunks was highest and lowest in leaves in both forests. In non-karst forest trees, N:P was in the order of leaves> roots>branches>trunks. There were no significant differences in the ratio of N:P in different plant components of trees in the karst forest. However, in karst and non-karst forest trees, the ratio of N:P in leaves was highest;positive correlations between N and P contents, and N and N:P ratios were observed in both karst and non-karst forests (p<0.001). Negative correlations between P and N:P ratios (p<0.05) were observed in karst forest trees, while positive correlations were observed in non-karst forest trees.     

白蜡虫在寄主植物上的分布特征研究

白蜡虫在寄主上的分布与方向和寄主枝条的位置有关，不同虫基分布特征不同，在定叶期，白蜡早咎群方位上差异不太大，但雌雄虫在方位分布上有明显差异。种群数量分布依次为东（２８．０５％），南（２６．５５％），西（２５．０６％），北（２０．３４％），雌虫依次为东（３２．１６％），南９２７．３６％），北（２０．３４％），西（１８．６５％）；雄虫依次为西（３０．７６％），南（２５．８４％），东（２４．２９％），北     

四川盆地北部湿地松人工林小气候特征研究

对四川盆地北部湿地松人工林小气候特征进行了定位观测研究,并以空旷地为对照揭示湿地松林四季对小气候的影响效应。研究结果表明:(1)林内平均气温和最高气温均低于林外,最低温则相反高于林外,林内一天中大部分时间都存在逆温现象;(2)林内空气相对湿度高于林外,白天空气相对湿度自林冠层顶部向下递增,而夜间冠层顶部和林内下部高、中部低;(3)林内土壤温度低于林外,而林内表层土壤湿度高于林外;(4)林内风速小于林外,且自林冠层顶部向下递减;(5)林内蒸发量和降水量小于林外,林冠层对降水的截留率随降雨量的增大而减小;(6)林内CO2浓度白天自林冠层顶部向下递增,而夜间则是林内下部和冠层顶部高、林内中部低。     

树叶中重金属含量及其指示大气污染的研究

通过对南京市区交通流量大的区域和相时清洁区(江苏省林科院)不同植物叶片重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cu)含量的分析,研究了大气污染指数,初步探讨了植物重金属含量与城市大气污染之间的关系.研究表明.植物叶片中重金属Pb、Cd和Cu的累积量与大气中Pb、Cd和Cu的相对含量呈显著正相关;所调查绿化树种叶片的重金属含量因重金属种类、采样区和树种的不同具有明显差异,悬铃木叶片累积Pb的能力最强,而杨树叶片对Cd和Cu的累积能力最强.市区大气重金属质量状况为:交通枢纽区中央门、南京化工厂和沪宁高速属于重污染,生活区新庄属于中轻度污染,远郊林科院属于无污染区.     

Calcium addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest increases sugar storage, antioxidant activity and cold tolerance in native red spruce (Picea rubens)

In fall (November 2005) and winter (February 2006), we collected current-year foliage of native red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growing in a reference watershed and in a watershed treated in 1999 with wollastonite (CaSiO(3), a slow-release calcium source) to simulate preindustrial soil calcium concentrations (Ca-addition watershed) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (Thornton, NH). We analyzed nutrition, soluble sugar concentrations, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and cold tolerance, to evaluate the basis of recent (2003) differences between watersheds in red spruce foliar winter injury. Foliar Ca and total sugar concentrations were significantly higher in trees in the Ca-addition watershed than in trees in the reference watershed during both fall (P=0.037 and 0.035, respectively) and winter (P=0.055 and 0.036, respectively). The Ca-addition treatment significantly increased foliar fructose and glucose concentrations in November (P=0.013 and 0.007, respectively) and foliar sucrose concentrations in winter (P=0.040). Foliar APX activity was similar in trees in both watersheds during fall (P=0.28), but higher in trees in the Ca-addition watershed during winter (P=0.063). Cold tolerance of foliage was significantly greater in trees in the Ca-addition watershed than in trees in the reference watershed (P<0.001). Our results suggest that low foliar sugar concentrations and APX activity, and reduced cold tolerance in trees in the reference watershed contributed to their high vulnerability to winter injury in 2003. Because the reference watershed reflects forest conditions in the region, the consequences of impaired physiological function caused by soil Ca depletion may have widespread implications for forest health.     

Vertebrate predation on Holm Oak,Quercus ilex,acorns in a fragmented habitat: effects on seedling recruitment

Rodent and avian consumption of Holm Oak, Quercus ilex, acorns were examined in central Spain during two high-production seasons, 1990–1991 and 1993–1994, in 1 and 3 large stands and in 6 and 10 small stands (0.2–12 ha) respectively, to study the effects of vertebrate predation on seedling recruitment. Previous data indicate that wood mouse abundance is much higher in small stands. Tree size, frequency of acorn-bearing oaks and acorn abundance were similar in the two sizes of forest stands. Overall acorn consumption was 33.7 times higher in the small stands compared to that in the large stands in 1991, and 3.1 times larger in 1994. Consumption of acorns by mice in the small stands was 49 and 95 times greater than that by birds in the first and second year, respectively. Seedling recruitment was significantly higher in the large stands in both study seasons. Regeneration by ramets was roughly similar in small and large stands in both seasons. Thus, predation by mice was apparently responsible for the failure of sexual reproduction in the small stands. The results suggest that vegetative regeneration might be the prevalent reproductive method of Holm Oaks in small forest tracts.     

国际制材行业环境噪声研究现状与展望

本文介绍了美国、瑞典、日本、英国等国家制材行业环境噪声的研究状况；重点介绍了东北林业大学课题组对黑龙江、吉林两省的１３个制材车间的环境噪声进行测试、分析与评价的结果，并提示了我国制材行业环境噪声的现状及其特点，提出了我国制材行业降低环境噪声的方法和途径。     

干热河谷和干性森林水分特征的对比分析

本文研究了川西南山地安宁河流域干热河谷和干性森林的水分收支状况。结果表明:(1)干热河谷和干性森林的年降水量分别为1 067.95 mm和1 371.73 mm,年降水量的90%以上集中在6月～10月的雨季和夏秋季节;(2)干热河谷和干性森林年蒸发量为1 280 mm和1 089.75 mm,春夏蒸发占年蒸发量的65%和66%,旱季蒸发占年蒸发量的58%和61%,4月～6月是蒸发旺季,其次是7月～8月;(3)干热河谷和干性森林年水分盈余量分别为43.6 mm和481.95 mm,均存在季节性水分匮缺期,7月～10月、夏秋季节和雨季均是水分盈余期,其余为水分匮缺期;(4)干热河谷和干性森林年干燥度分别为1.205和0.8,表明该地区分别为半湿润和湿润性气候,还存在明显的季节差异,7月～10月、雨季和夏秋季节气候湿润,其余时期为半湿润或干旱气候;(5)干性森林在年降水量和水分盈余量上高于干热河谷,在年可能蒸发量和干燥度上明显低于干热河谷,这种差异还体现在水分参数的月分配、四季分配、旱雨季分配上;(6)干热河谷湿润程度差于干性森林,干热河谷植被和干性森林对各自水分收支状况具有良好的适应性;(7)封山育林需要注意旱季防火,人工促进还需要考虑土壤水分平衡规律和适地适树,进行"适度"造林。     

皆伐方式对小兴安岭低质林土壤呼吸的影响

针对小兴安岭低质林分,采用不同的皆伐方式,利用LI-8100碳通量自动监测系统在春、夏、秋、冬4个季节对低质林分土壤呼吸进行观测,运用统计分析的方法,分析皆伐方式对土壤呼吸的影响和不同皆伐方式的土壤呼吸产生差异的原因.结果显示:试验区土壤呼吸夏季最大,冬季最低.春季和秋季因土壤温度和湿度差异不大使土壤呼吸相差较小;对于水平带同一条皆伐带,土壤呼吸并无显著性差异,并且不同的带宽对土壤呼吸的影响也不显著;垂直带随海拔升高土壤呼吸呈现波动性,总体趋势随海拔升高土壤呼吸逐渐降低,但是差距较小;水平带、垂直带和林窗的年土壤呼吸量分别为1.184,1.426,1.179 kgCO2·m-a-1,垂直带最高,水平带次之,林窗最低.影响垂直带土壤呼吸的关键因素是土壤温度,林窗则是土壤湿度,而水平带土壤温度和湿度的条件则介于垂直带和林窗之间.这说明在不同的皆伐方式条件下,影响土壤呼吸的关键因素并不完全相同.     

气温骤降下杨树中总酚与木质素动态变化

以银中杨、迎春5号杨为材料,测定在秋季气温骤降期杨树叶片、枝皮中总酚及木质素含量的动态变化,并将其与同时期气温的变化进行相关性分析。结果表明:当秋季气温下降时,杨树叶片及迎春5号杨枝皮中总酚类物质含量上升,与气温呈显著或极显著负相关;叶片中木质素则随着气温的下降而下降,与最低气温间呈显著或极显著正相关;气温骤降下,杨树中总酚类物质含量上升可能与其抗寒性密切相关。     

中国木材科学发展战略构想

文章介绍了我国木材科学的发展现状、木材科研体系和条件装备，以及国际合作和学术交流情况；讨论了我国木材科研面临的任务和机遇；提出了我国木材科学近期和最终战略目标；以及近期应优先发展的研究领域和重点课题。     

香榧细小卷蛾生物学特性及防治研究

香榧细小卷蛾Lepteucosma torreyaeWu et Chen是危害香榧的主要害虫之一,在浙江省绍兴市1 a发生2代,以老熟幼虫在枯枝落叶中做茧越冬,翌年2月中旬化蛹,3月上旬成虫羽化并产卵,3月下旬第1代幼虫孵化,5月中旬化蛹,5月下旬成虫羽化,6月上旬产卵,6月中旬第2代幼虫孵化,11月上旬开始越冬。在第2代幼虫期,使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油、5%抑太保乳油、2%阿维苏云制剂、35%吡虫啉乳油及20%杀灭菊酯乳油等5种药剂10个浓度进行喷雾防治试验,施药9 d后,防治效果均达到100%。     

三峡库区云阳县三种类型马尾松林微生物区系及优势种群分析Ⅱ.林地空气、叶面和树皮表面

为探讨马尾松不同类型林地地上部微生物区系及优势种群及其季节性变化,对三峡库区云阳县马尾松近熟龄天然林、中龄天然林和人工林林地空气、叶面和树皮表面等地上部的可培养细菌和真菌进行了分析。结果表明,空气、叶面和树皮表面的真菌、细菌两大类微生物数量四季变化趋势基本一致,夏季和秋季的数量多于冬季和春季,中龄天然林的两大类微生物数量最大且四季变化亦最大;优势种群的种类和数量随季节和林地类型不同而有所变化。人工林空气中可培养真菌种类秋、冬、春、夏分别有4、3、4、3种,近熟龄天然林和中龄天然林四季中均为3种;优势种群多     

Variation in the ratio of shoot silhouette area to needle area in fertilized and unfertilized Norway spruce trees

We compared the range and variation in shoot silhouette area to projected leaf area ratio (SPAR) in fertilized and unfertilized (control) Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees. We measured SPAR for several view directions of 169 shoots at different depths in the crown of fertilized and control trees. There was an increase in SPAR with depth in the crown in both control and fertilized trees. In the fertilized trees, however, mean SPAR was larger overall, the increase with depth in the crown was steeper, and there was a larger variation in SPAR with inclination and rotation angle of the shoot (relative to the view direction). In particular, shoots in the lower crown of fertilized trees were rotationally asymmetrical ("flat") and had high values of the maximum ratio of shoot silhouette area to projected leaf area (SPAR(max)). Differences in SPAR between fertilized and control trees were explained by changes in shoot structure in response to fertilization and shading. Shoots of fertilized trees were larger and had more needle area than shoots of control trees. However, the ratio of needle area to shoot size was smaller in fertilized trees than in control trees, implying less within-shoot shading and, consequently, a larger SPAR. Also, the increase in SPAR with increased shading (depth in the crown) could be explained by a decrease in the ratio of needle area to shoot size. In addition, because fertilized trees had more needle area than control trees, the effect of shading at a given depth in the crown was more pronounced in fertilized trees than in control trees.     

广西国有高峰林场昆虫多样性调查研究

通过选择代表性样地,对广西高峰林场某分场部分用材林和经济林进行了昆虫多样性调查研究。结果表明:1.桉树纯林调查得到的昆虫种类有13种,昆虫多样性指数为2.114 96,处于亚稳定状态;2.马尾松纯林共调查得到的物种有19种,昆虫多样性指数为2.112 21,处于亚稳定状态;3.八角纯林共调查得到的物种有69种,昆虫多样性指数最大为3.258 12,处于稳定状态。     

热压干燥对竹材吸湿膨胀性的影响

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