规模化养殖污染的治理措施

一、充分认识畜禽养殖场排泄物治理工作的重要性和必要性 2005年浙江省把规模化畜禽养殖场污染治理列入了省政府“811”环境保护行动的重要内容,对出栏生猪3000头以上和存栏牛300头以上的108家规模化畜禽养殖场排泄物进行全面治理,实施“以奖代补”政策,取得了明显成效.但面临的形势依然十分严峻,一是少数地方对发展畜牧业和实施养殖场排泄物治理的认识不够到位.     

规模化畜禽养殖场排泄物治理技术研究与推广

近年来,随着农业结构调整和城乡一体化的发展,畜禽养殖业从分散饲养到规模化养殖方式的转变,随之带来畜禽粪便的集中排放给周围环境造成的污染,已成为农业面临的污染之一,也严重影响了畜禽养殖业的健康可持续发展。如何治理规模化养殖场排泄物的污染,已成为农业部门必须重点探索的问题。研究、推广养殖业排泄物治理技术,对于促进我市农业结构调整、推进城乡一体化和建设和谐社会具有十分重要的现实意义。     

上虞市规模化畜禽养殖场排泄物治理的主要措施

随着规模化养殖业的迅速发展,为确保落实“811”环境污染整治目标,最近上虞市制定了规模化养殖场排泄物治理3年计划。根据计划,2005年已完成治理5家,2006年计划完成治理26家,2007年计划完成治理24家。要求3年内对全市生猪存栏500头以上、牛存栏100头以上的55家规模化养殖场全面     

浅析宁洱县畜禽养殖污染现状及对策

近年来,畜牧业作为农村经济的支柱产业,促进了畜禽养殖业的快速发展,使得畜禽养殖逐步向规模化、专业化、集约化发展,这样,畜禽生产及畜产品加工过程中产生的大量排泄物和废弃物对周边及养殖场户自身环境的污染程度也日益加剧。由于受到治理环境污染措施不力和资金投入不足等诸多原因,导致畜禽养殖场户     

创新污染治理模式 实现畜禽养殖业可持续发展

我国农村畜禽养殖业发展方式相对粗放,资源消耗高、浪费大,畜禽粪便还田比例低,环境污染较为严重,其COD排放量是工业和生活污水排放量的5倍以上。1庭院式养殖是环境保护的盲点农村小型畜禽养殖场涉及千家万户,虽然个体养殖数量少,但总体数量却不容忽视。在我国大多数地区,规模化养殖场仅是少数,地方小型养殖场数量远远超过规模化养殖场,并且粪污大部分未经治理或未彻底有效治理,直接施向农田或排入沟河,对农村环境造成严重的污染。我国在防治畜禽养殖污染方面可执行的法规     

邯郸:健康养殖和科学治污并举

<正>加大管理力度确保治理效果邯郸市现有畜禽养殖场(户)1.6万家,其中规模化畜禽养殖场89家,年存栏猪32万头、鸡143.6万只、牛1万头。邯郸市环保局局长刘景平介绍,"目前89家规模化养殖场绝大多数都办理了环评审批手续,全部做到了排污申报,全市所有规模化养殖户配套沼气池建设率达到了100%。"为防治畜禽养殖带来的环境污染,邯郸市加大畜禽养殖业管理力度,下发了《关于     

广元元坝区规模化畜禽养殖污染防治对策

1广元元坝区规模化畜禽养殖业污染与治理现状 目前元坝区有畜禽规模化养殖场2997个。这些规模化养殖场排泄粪尿总量为35．6万吨;污水排放总量为60．28万吨。投入治理补助资金1200多万元,共建沼气池1076个,39450m^3。     

微生物除臭技术在畜禽养殖臭气治理中的研究应用进展

近年来,随着畜禽规模化养殖快速发展,畜禽养殖场产生的氨气、硫化氢、挥发性有机物等臭气,严重影响了畜禽正常的生长、生产和养殖场区及周边环境,养殖场臭气污染治理问题亟待解决。目前,畜禽养殖场臭气除臭方法主要有物理法、化学法和微生物法,通过改变恶臭气体的物象和结构、减少产生量,从而达到减排除臭的效果。     

福建省确定在三年内剿灭畜禽养殖污染

据福建省环保部门日前透露,福建省确定在三年内剿灭畜禽养殖污染,规模化畜禽养殖场必须于2007年底前治理达标。福建省对畜禽养殖做了三条新规定。一是新建、改建、扩建畜禽养殖场,必须严格执行“环评”和环保“三同时”制度。二是禁建区内禁止建畜禽养殖场,禁建区划定后新建的畜禽养殖场必须限期予以拆除;禁建区划定前已建的畜禽养殖场必须于2005年底前治理达标,未按期达标的一律搬迁或关闭。三是九龙江流域规模化畜禽养殖场必须于2005年底前治理达标,全省其他地区规模化畜禽养殖场必须于2007年底前治理达标。按要求,今后,凡选址不符合布局…     

规模化畜禽养殖场污染治理现状及治理方法

人类生存必须解决的就是温饱问题.随着社会的快速发展,百姓对物质文化的需要不断增加,规模化畜禽养殖场应运而生,但畜禽养殖场造成的污染也不容忽略.本文主要围绕如何更好的去治理养殖场污染方面开展论述,尽可能使得资源能够有效利用,以期提出有建设性意见.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.