枯叶蛱蝶非滞育成虫和越冬成虫水份含量比较

为了进一步了解枯叶蛱蝶滞育机理,利用重量法,测定了非滞育成虫和越冬成虫不同发育阶段水份含量。结果表明,非滞育成虫水份含量在在59．6363％～62．5388％之间,变化幅度相对较小,为2．9％;成虫羽化初期水量含量较高,后期含量下降。越冬成虫水份含量在54．9866％～67．6164％之间,变化幅度较大,达12．63％。枯叶蛱蝶成虫水份含量可能与取食和不同发育阶段有关。     

枯叶蛱蝶非滞育成虫和越冬成虫脂肪含量变化

为系统了解枯叶蛱蝶Kallima inachus Doubleday滞育特性，利用重量法，测定了非滞育成虫和越冬成虫不同时期脂肪含量。结果表明，非滞育成虫脂肪含量在0．0363～4．7493mg／g之间；越冬期间脂肪含量在4．479～32．6927mg／g之间。越冬成虫脂肪含量相对较高，初期存在积累，较高的脂肪含量有利于枯叶蛱蝶的顺利越冬。     

山东美国白蛾越冬蛹室内羽化观察试验

分别从山东寿光羊口、泰安肥城、济宁梁山采集美国白蛾越冬蛹,观察越冬蛹羽化及成虫交尾产卵。记录越冬蛹羽化时间,越冬蛹死亡率。进行美国白蛾羽化、孵化前期的温湿度分析。测定越冬蛹体长、蛹重、成虫体长、翅展、羽化成虫雌雄量,雌雄比,雌雄成虫寿命。并进行了相关分析。     

银杏超小卷叶蛾的蛹壳测报法

2007年-2012年在泰兴市采用蛹壳测报法预测银杏超小卷叶蛾Pammene ginkgoicola幼虫的发生时间及危害程度.结果显示:当树表累计蛹壳数占蛹壳总数的15％,50％和85％时,分别为成虫羽化始盛期、高峰期、盛末期;由成虫羽化高峰期至幼虫危害高峰期,一般为14～17 d;在一定行政区域范围标准株树干表皮观察区域统计的蛹壳数为0,即该范围未发生危害;单位树表面积蛹壳数(个/m2)＜10,10～20,20～40,＞40,枝被害率分别为＜4％,4％ ～7％,7％ ～10％,＞10％.     

温度和光照对美国白蛾越夏蛹发育的影响

在实验室内,采用人工饲养的方法测定了美国白蛾越夏蛹的发育与温度和光照之间的关系,结果表明:在相对湿度80％、光周期LD12∶12条件下,25,28,30℃饲喂化蛹的美国白蛾,蛹滞育率分别为35.48％,42.71％,0,蛹的死亡率分别为25.81％,14.58％,8.91％.30℃的饲养条件下不能解除已经进入滞育状态的蛹,在全暗条件下滞育蛹可解除滞育,但蛹期明显加长.     

春尺蠖蛹呼吸代谢与滞育关系的研究

春尺蠖蛹呼吸代谢与滞育关系的研究＊梁成杰赵玲吴燕王贵成关键词春尺蠖呼吸代谢速率冷刺激滞育春尺蠖（ＡｐｏｃｈｅｉｍａｃｉｎｅｒａｒｉｕｓＥｒｓｃｈｏｆ）属于一化性昆虫［１］,蛹期滞育长达１８０～２１０ｄ。蛹滞育前后形态上无明显差别。通过Ｗａｒｂｕｒｇ呼...     

杨小舟蛾成虫和蛹自然发育进度研究

采用灯诱成虫和地面化蛹进度调查的方法,系统监测了1998,1999年杨小舟蛾成虫和2010年成虫及蛹的自然发育进度.结果表明:春季气温变化可显著影响越冬代和第1代成虫羽化高峰期的出现及第1,2代害虫的生长发育速度;降雨量偏多可导致害虫发育历期延长,种群数量显著下降;夏季异常气候会引起害虫种群数量发生显著变化,干旱高温的...     

兴安落叶松鞘蛾蛹的采集与冷藏及其对寄生性天敌昆虫的影响

试验研究表明:兴安落叶松鞘蛾Coleophora dahurica Flkv.化蛹初期采集、冷藏25天,对寄生性天敌的羽化率和成虫寿命无影响;在化蛹末期采集、冷藏25天,寄生的天敌昆虫性羽化率和成虫寿命明显降低。     

鞭角华扁叶蜂预蛹呼吸代谢的特点

用 Warburg呼吸器测定了鞭角华扁叶蜂滞育预蛹的呼吸代谢 (μL(Ο2 )· mg-1· h-1)。结果表明 ,预蛹呼吸代谢速率呈 U -型曲线变化。预蛹呼吸代谢的特征是 :代谢速率显著降低 ;底线延续很长时间 ,且在这一时期 ,代谢速率与温度无关。预蛹的呼吸商为 0 .76 ,说明滞育期间脂类是主要的代谢底物。由于预蛹滞育前后在形态上无明显的区别 ,呼吸代谢速率可作为判断滞育或滞育解除的生理指标     

柑橘凤蝶化蛹时间对越冬蛹历期及羽化率的影响

在蝴蝶养殖大棚收集柑橘凤蝶越冬蛹。依照集中化蛹时间不同,将蛹分为4个样本置于同一环境直至羽化,记录各样本日羽化数及环境温湿度。结果显示:柑橘凤蝶化蛹时间对越冬蛹的羽化率有显著影响,化蛹时间的提前不利于次年的羽化;柑橘凤蝶的羽化随温度的升高开始下降,并与平均湿度、最大湿度呈显著负相关。     

昆虫滞育诱导的因素

本文主要论述昆虫滞育诱导的诸多环境因素。对昆虫滞育诱导起作用的有光周期、温度、湿度、食料、激素等，其中光周期和温度是主要因素，昆虫对光周期的反应有长日照型、短日照型和中间型，同时昆虫对光周期的反应存在着地理差异，而对温度的反应则有冬滞育和夏滞育两种类型。     

柚木野螟雌雄蛹鉴定

描述一种准确快速鉴定柚木野螟（Pyrausta machaeralis）雌雄蛹的方法。观察285头柚木野螟蛹的形态特征发现：雌蛹,腹部末端分节不明显,在第八腹节腹面上部有一纵裂缝,连接第七腹节与第九腹节,裂缝两侧平坦,无突起,与肛裂缝之间的距离显著大于雄蛹;雄蛹,腹部末端分节明显,第八腹节无裂缝,第九腹节有一黑色裂缝,连接第十腹节。     

松毛虫光周滞育的研究

在敏感的虫龄内，松毛虫对短光周的反应，随着幼虫发育进度的不同而不同，初龄对短光周最敏感，2龄开始减弱，到4龄时，幼虫基本上就丧失了对短光周的反应。在脱皮时，幼虫对短光周刺激的反应较明显，在两次脱皮之间，幼虫的反应较弱，短光周处理时间越长，幼虫在3－4龄时进入滞育的比率也越高，这可能与昆虫体内保幼激素含量的变化有关。     

鞭角华扁叶蜂滞育幼虫空间格局的生物地理统计学分析及抽样技术的研究

应用生物地理统计学的原理和方法 ,对 2块危害程度不同的柏木林分中的鞭角华扁叶蜂滞育幼虫的空间格局进行研究 ,结果表明 :受中度危害的柏木林分中的鞭角华扁叶蜂滞育幼虫有明显的空间依赖性 ,其变程为 15 77m ,半方差函数模型为指数型 ;受重度危害的柏木林分中的鞭角华扁叶蜂滞育幼虫则表现纯粹周期性变化的空间现象 ,其周期性为 6 80 6 2。同时对鞭角华扁叶蜂滞育幼虫种群的空间抽样技术进行了研究     

Pupal diapause development and termination is driven by low temperature chilling in Bactrocera minax

Bactrocera minax is a major citrus pest in China, Bhutan, and India. It is univoltine and exhibits pupal diapause during winter. To better understand pupal diapause in this pest, we investigated pupal survival and pupal developmental duration under field and laboratory conditions. Specifically, we tested if pupal chilling was required for diapause development and termination. Nearly all mature larvae collected at the end of the citrus season entered pupal diapause. For pupae exposed in the field, natural chilling for less than 3 months resulted in more than 70 % mortality. However, exposure to winter conditions for 3 months or more both decreased pupal mortality and developmental duration when pupae were returned to the laboratory and held under constant temperature (25 °C). When pupae were gathered from the field in November and exposed to different chilling regimes in the laboratory, the chilling duration (30 vs 60 days) had significantly more impact on pupal survival than the specific chilling temperature (6, 8, 10, or 12 °C constant). However, both chilling duration and chilling temperature impacted on the pupal developmental duration, with longer chilling duration and higher temperatures decreasing pupal developmental duration. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pupal diapause development and termination in B. minax is strongly influenced by chilling conditions. Increasing cold exposure led to significantly and consistently faster adult eclosion and improved synchronization of adult emergence. This knowledge will help with the laboratory rearing of B. minax, an essential step in the long-term management of this pest.     

栗山天牛幼虫和蛹在辽东栎树干上的分布规律

通过解剖受害辽东栎,结合林间调查,研究栗山天牛幼虫和蛹在栎树树干上的分布规律。结果表明:受害后表现为全部枯梢症状的栎树,栗山天牛幼虫主要分布在树干4m以下,蛹主要分布在1～4m;部分出现枯梢症状的栎树,栗山天牛幼虫主要分布在树干6m以下,蛹主要分布在3～7m。天牛数量与树皮厚度和树干直径均呈正相关关系。调查发现,当辽东栎树皮厚度大于0.47cm、树干直径大于9.02cm时,开始出现栗山天牛危害。在林间,栗山天牛低龄幼虫主要分布在树干阳面的韧皮部中,而蛹主要分布在木质部,越靠近树干中心分布越多。产卵当年和翌年6月前幼虫主要在韧皮部取食危害。从翌年6月开始,天牛幼虫逐渐蛀入木质部为害,7—8月为蛀入木质部的高峰期,9月绝大多数幼虫蛀入木质部取食,直至化蛹。树干2m以下的幼虫排粪孔数与树木胸径成正相关,而与最高活枝高度成负相关关系。当最高活枝高度在4～7m时,幼虫数量最多。     

光周性和滞育:日本列岛蟋蟀的季节适应

蟋蟀被认为起源于热带,并逐步向亚热带和温带扩大分布.在扩大分布的过程之中,于一定的发育期获得了克服不良环境的适应能力.光周期对分布于温带地区的蟋蟀季节发育、保证完整的生活史起着重要的作用,不仅影响若虫的发育速率,诱导卵滞育的产生,而且对若虫龄数也起着调控作用.同时,蟋蟀的翅型分化也受光周期的影响.就日本列岛蟋蟀的光周性和滞育的研究情况进行了综述.     

Diapause termination,developmental threshold and thermal requirements of eggs of the maple aphid,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Periphyllus californiensis</Emphasis> Shinji

The lower developmental threshold and thermal requirements for egg hatch of the maple aphid (Periphyllus californiensis) were estimated to be 4.58°C and 94.48 degree-days. Eggs of the maple aphid appear to have obligatory diapause and chilling seems essential for diapause development. No matter whether eggs in diapause were treated with 2°C chilling or placed in the field, at least 35 to 41 days were required for the first egg to terminate diapause. The time of egg hatch lasted for about a month or even longer. This long period of time in egg hatch may be related to the restricted period that food is available in early spring and the long period of budburst of host plants.     

Modelling diapause termination and phenology of the Japanese beetle,Popillia japonica

We deve?loped a mechanistic, stage-structured model simulating the phenology of Popillia japonica. The model simulates the influence of soil temperature on the larval diapause termination and on the development rate function of post-overwintering larvae and pupae. Model parameters are estimated based on literature evidence for pupae development and on a parameterisation process that allows estimating parameters for larval diapause termination and for the development rate function (and the related uncertainty) of post-overwintering larvae. Data used for model parameterisation and validation refer to time-series adult trap catches collected during the P. japonica monitoring programme performed by the Phytosanitary Service of Lombardy Region within the infested area in Lombardy (Italy) from 2015 to 2019. A total of 12 randomly selected locations are used to estimate biologically realistic model parameters (parameterisation dataset). We applied a Jackknife nonparametric resampling procedure on the parameterisation dataset to quantify uncertainty associated with parameters’ estimates. Parameterised model is then validated on time-series adult trap catches data referring to a different set of 12 randomly selected locations (validation dataset) surveyed in Lombardy. The model successfully predicted the beginning of adult emergence and the overall curve of adult emergence in the validation dataset. The model presented can support the definition of the best timing for the implementation of monitoring and control activities for the local and the area-wide management of P. japonica.