紫花苜蓿饲喂奶牛试验

通过紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa饲喂奶牛对比试验,结果发现:紫花苜蓿营养丰富,是饲喂奶牛的最佳粗饲料,不论青饲还是调制成干草,适口性都很好,可显著提高奶牛产奶量,增加奶农户经济收入.充分利用兰州市紫花苜蓿的资源优势, 增加奶牛日粮中紫花苜蓿的比例,提高奶牛单产水平,降低生产成本,提高经济效益,通过示范户的带动,大力推广种植紫花苜蓿,改变奶农户以精料为主的传统饲养方式.     

紫花苜蓿饲喂奶牛试验研究

紫花苜蓿具有产草量高,营养物质含量高等特点,通过紫花苜蓿饲喂奶牛试验,对提高产奶量、奶质有关参数,指导奶农改变长期以来以精料、秸秆、少量天然牧草为主饲喂奶牛的方式提供依据.     

多年生紫花苜蓿饲喂奶牛试验研究

紫花苜蓿营养丰富,是奶牛饲草的最佳粗饲料,不论青饲还是调制成干草,适口性都很好,用于饲喂奶牛可显著提高奶牛产奶量,增加奶农户经济收入。     

复合草颗粒替代精料饲喂奶牛效果观察

复合草颗粒作为紫花苜蓿深加工的产品已悄然问世，它替代部分精料饲喂奶牛时，既起到苜蓿草颗粒的作用，又起到添加剂的作用．与其它粗饲料相比。体积小，质地实。便于运输、贮藏，饲喂方便，适口性好。在确保奶牛高产的同时，又能维持较高的健康水平。本试验旨在通过复合草颗粒饲喂奶牛，在降低奶牛饲养成本，提高产乳量。增加收入方面，为养殖户提供科学依据。     

紫花苜蓿饲喂奶牛效果观察试验报告

以紫花苜蓿饲喂32头奶牛进行比较试验。试验按添加量的不同分为A、B两组,各组设一个对照组,试验期90 d。结果表明:试验A组平均每头每天产奶量比对照组提高4.37 kg;B组提高4.29 kg。紫花苜蓿对低产奶牛产奶量比高产奶牛提高更显著,且不影响乳品质;试验组所耗精料比对照组少,经济效益显著。     

紫花苜蓿饲喂奶牛的试验效果分析

紫花苜蓿是一种一年生的豆科牧草，其蛋白含量高，品质优良，适口性好，鲜草中富含维生素及矿物质，素有“牧草之王”的美称，用紫花苜蓿饲喂奶牛能显著提高牛的产奶量，增强牛对疾病的抵抗能力，进而能提高鲜奶品质，石家庄市2003年在3502奶牛场做了用牧畜鲜草饲喂奶牛的实验，试验过程如下：     

泌乳期奶牛饲喂不同量紫花苜蓿对生产性能的影响

选取产奶量、胎次相近的健康荷斯坦牛20头,统一驱虫,经15d预试期后进入试验期,试验期63d。在试验期基础日粮中添加等量的微量元素添加剂,依次饲喂不同量鲜紫花苜蓿青草3周。试验分3个阶段,试验Ⅰ期,每日饲喂10.0kg;试验Ⅱ期,每日饲喂15.0kg;试验Ⅲ期,每日饲喂20.0kg。结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的日均泌乳量分别为19.36kg、22.12kg、23.07kg,较试验前每日平均增收21.233元,1胎、2胎、3胎、4胎奶牛分别增收18.291元、17.199元、24.671元和23.261元。试验表明在奶牛泌乳期饲粮中添加紫花苜蓿青草可有效提高奶牛泌乳量,明显改善乳成分。     

冬牧70黑麦草和紫花苜蓿等牧草饲喂奶牛的试验

2003—2004年期间牧草引种试验中在生物学特性、鲜草产量及营养成分等方面表现较好的品种—冬牧70黑麦草和紫花苜蓿,结合当地种植多年的多花黑麦草,与传统饲养方式(用野草和速冻蔬菜厂的下脚料等作青饲料)进行奶牛的饲喂对比试验。结果表明,在其他饲养条件不变的情况下,饲喂紫花苜蓿的试验3组奶牛产奶量极显著高于饲喂多花黑麦草的试验1组和以野青草等为青饲料的对照组(P<0.01),与饲喂冬牧70黑麦草的试验2组差异显著;试验2组奶牛产奶量与对照组相比差异极显著,与试验1组差异显著;试验1组和对照组差异不显著。乳成分中总固体物质含量、乳蛋白率和乳脂率各组差异不显著。     

日粮对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

60头中国荷斯坦奶牛饲喂4种不同紫花苜蓿干草配比、不同精粗比的日粮,以研究日粮配方对奶牛生产性能、经济收益的影响,确定最佳日粮配方。试验结果说明,大比例紫花苜蓿干草(紫花苜蓿=24%DM)、低精粗比(40:60)日粮极显著提高乳脂率(P<0.01);日粮营养水平提高,产奶量提高(P<0.05;P<0.01);最佳经济效益日粮为含大比例紫花苜蓿、精料比例低、营养水平较低的日粮(P<0.01);在低的精粗比例下,紫花苜蓿干草不是日粮成本的限制因素,而青贮饲料配比为日粮成本的限制因素。合理安排精粗比例,适当使用紫花苜蓿干草,可提高奶牛饲养经济效益。     

日粮对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

60头中国荷斯坦奶牛饲喂4种不同紫花苜蓿干草配比、不同精粗比的日粮,以研究日粮配方对奶牛生产性能、经济收益的影响,确定最佳日粮配方。试验结果说明,大比例紫花苜蓿干草(紫花苜蓿=24%DM)、低精粗比(40:60)日粮极显著提高乳脂率(P<0.01);日粮营养水平提高(P<0.05),产奶量提高(P<0.01);最佳经济效益日粮为含大比例紫花苜蓿、精料比例低、营养水平较低的日粮(P<0.01);在低的精粗比例下,紫花苜蓿干草不是日粮成本的限制因素,而青贮饲料配比为日粮成本的限制因素。合理安排精粗比例,适当使用紫花苜蓿干草,可提高奶牛饲养经济效益。     

TMR中不同长度的苜蓿干草对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究泌乳奶牛TMR中添加不同长度的苜蓿干草对奶牛采食及产奶性能的影响。采用3个3×3拉丁方试验研究了TMR中苜蓿干草长度分别为1、3、5 cm时对3头头胎及6头经产泌乳奶牛的采食及产奶性能的影响。结果表明:TMR中的苜蓿干草长度变化对奶牛的DM采食量无显著影响(P0.05);当苜蓿干草长度从1 cm增加到3 cm和5 cm时,奶牛的NDF、ADF及peNDF摄入量均显著增加(P0.05);3 cm和5 cm长度的苜蓿干草较1 cm的能显著提高奶牛4%FCM产奶量、产奶效率及乳脂率(P0.05)。结果提示,泌乳奶牛TMR中苜蓿干草以较长的5 cm为宜;较长的苜蓿干草不影响奶牛的干物质采食量,能增加其有效纤维的摄入量,提高其4%FCM产奶量、产奶效率及乳脂率。     

微生物发酵蛋白饲料的研制及对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响

试验研究了微生物发酵蛋白饲料的研制方法及对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响。选择30头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2个处理组,每组15头,对照组日粮组成为添加30%胡麻饼的精料补充料＋青贮饲料＋苜蓿干草,试验组日粮组成为添加30%微生物发酵蛋白饲料的精料补充料＋青贮饲料＋苜蓿干草,试验期为60 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组奶牛头均日产奶量提高2.25%（P〉0.05）,试验期头均产奶总增加量提高43.51%（P〈0.01）,料奶比降低9.20%（P〈0.05）,头均毛利润提高40.34元,经济效益提高3.53%。     

Effects of diets containing alfalfa hay or barley flour mixed alfalfa silage on feeding behavior, productivity, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in lactating cows

The effects of barley flour on the fermentation parameters of alfalfa silage and on the productivity of dairy cows were investigated. Alfalfa forage was ensiled either with or without barley flour. Barley flour was soaked in water for 24 h before being mixed with alfalfa (12 kg: 100 kg dry matter bases) at ensiling. Eighteen multi-parous cows were assigned to three equal treatment groups using a completely randomized design. Three isocaloric and isonitrogenous total mixed rations containing alfalfa hay, ordinary alfalfa silage or barley flour mixed alfalfa silage were then prepared. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid and butyric acid were lower in barley flour mixed alfalfa silage compared to that in ordinary alfalfa silage but the concentration of lactic acid was lower in the ordinary alfalfa silage. Feeding behavior, milk yield and composition, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites were measured. Although dry matter intake and milk production were not affected, the effect of preparation of alfalfa influenced feeding behavior and rumen fermentation parameters. Cows on alfalfa silage diets spent longer ruminating compared to those fed alfalfa hay. The ruminal ammonia nitrogen and blood urea were affected by ensiling (alfalfa hay versus alfalfa silages) while both parameters were lower in cows fed on barley flour mixed alfalfa silage than those fed on ordinary silage. Although similar blood glucose was recorded for cows fed on alfalfa silages, it was higher in cows fed on alfalfa hay. It is concluded that the addition of barely flour when making alfalfa silage may improve both the fermentation process during ensilage and the ruminal ammonia nitrogen utilization with no significant effects on productivity.     

苜蓿青贮料替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能及乳品质的影响

试验旨在探讨苜蓿青贮料替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能、乳品质、营养物质表观消化率、血液生化指标及经济效益的影响。选取体重、产奶量、胎次相近的健康泌乳中期中高产中国荷斯坦奶牛15头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂4.0 kg苜蓿青干草,试验A、B组分别用4.4,8.8 kg苜蓿青贮料代替2.0和4.0 kg等干物质的苜蓿青干草,正试期64 d。结果表明,1)各组间干物质采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),B组产奶量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),A组与对照组、B组间差异不显著(P>0.05); 2)用50%,100%的苜蓿青贮料替代等干物质的苜蓿青干草,其乳蛋白、乳脂率、乳糖均有所改善,但只有B组的乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余指标各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);3)A、B组与对照组的中性洗涤纤维表观消化率、钙表观消化率无显著性差异(P>0.05),A、B组间粗蛋白和磷表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),但是粗蛋白表观消化率均显著低于对照组、磷表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);4)苜蓿青贮料替代苜蓿青干草其血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮、血糖、二氧化碳结合力等指标没有显著性改变(P>0.05);5)试验A、B组经济效益均有所增加,其中A组的净增收益最高,为0.61元/(头·d)。综上,用4.4 kg苜蓿青贮料代替2.0 kg苜蓿青干草对中高产奶牛是适宜的,能提高其生产性能,改善乳品质,增加收益。     

苜蓿青贮对低质粗饲料条件下奶牛产奶性能的影响

选择1～3胎次泌乳中期的荷斯坦牛10头,配对分为2组:对照组和试验组,两组的混合精料组成相同,对照组粗饲料为豆秸、玉米秸、花生秧和玉米淀粉渣,试验组以10kg苜蓿青贮替代等量粗饲料,进行60d的饲养试验,以研究苜蓿青贮对低质粗饲料条件下奶牛产奶性能的影响。结果表明:(1)添加苜蓿青贮提高了供试奶牛体重(P0.01);(2)试验组各期采食量均高于对照组,且试验60d时差异达到了极显著水平(P0.01);(3)添加苜蓿青贮,提高了供试奶牛的产奶量和乳脂肪含量(P0.01,P0.05)。     

紫花苜蓿不同刈割时期的可消化营养物质累计产量和产奶净能累计产量

提高苜蓿的品质经常与降低其产量联系在一起,为了在保证品质的前提下有较高的产量,使得种植苜蓿的产值最大化,本试验以奶牛营养需要为基础,采用可消化干物质累计产量、粗蛋白累计产量和产奶净能累计产量三个指标,来判断紫花苜蓿的最佳收获期。     

The Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Whole Sugarcane for Dairy Cows and Its Application in Substituting Alfalfa,Oat Hay and Concentrate in Dairy Cows' Diets

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the rumen degradation characteristics of whole sugarcane of dairy cows and its effects of using it replacing alfalfa, oat hay and concentrates in dairy cows' diet on the rumen fermentation, nutrient apparent digestibility, blood biochemical indexes and production performance of dairy cows, in order to open up new ways to replace the increasing prices feedstuff such as alfalfa, oat hay and concentrate in dairy cows' diets with whole sugarcane. In experiment one, the in-situ test, namely the rumen nylon bag test was used to investigate the rumen degradation characteristics of various nutrients of whole sugarcane, leymus chinensis and alfalfa. Experiment two was in vivo test,repeat 3 ⅹ 3 Latin square design was conducted and Holstein dairy cows with similar body weight, parities and milk yield and permanent rumen fistula were chosen to investigate the effect of using whole sugarcane replacing 25% or 50% of imported alfalfa from the Unites States in dairy cows' diet on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics and blood biochemical indexes of dairy cows. In experiment three, 60 Holstein dairy cows with similar parity, milk yield and milk in lactation were selected to perform production test, which aimed to explore the effects of using whole sugarcane replacing 30% alfalfa hay, 50% oat hay or 10% concentrate on the production performance, blood biochemical indexes of dairy cows and the economic benefits of dairy farms. The results showed that：1) The effective degradation rates of dry matter (DM) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of whole sugarcane were significantly higher than leymus chinensis (P<0.05), and the effective degradation rates of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) were significantly higher than leymus chinensis and alfalfa (P<0.05). 2) There was no significant effect on rumen pH, NH₃-N (except 25% group at the 4 h time point) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations of dairy cows when using 25% and 50% whole sugarcane to replace imported alfalfa from the Unites States in the diet. There was also no significant effect on DMI and digestibility of DM, CP, OM and ADF, while the digestibility of NDF in the 50% group was significantly increased (P<0.05). In 50% group, the content of serum urea nitrogen in 2 and 8 h was significantly lower than 25% group and control group (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference in the blood content of β-hydroxybutyric acid, rumen VFA and total VFA in each group at different time points. 3) After using 50%, 30% and 10% of whole sugarcane to replace oat hay, alfalfa hay and concentrate, respectively, no significant difference was detected in blood glucose, urea nitrogen, β-hydroxybutyric acid, the esterification of fatty acid (NEFA), and milk yield. Besides, combined with milk yield and feed cost, the economic benefits of each cow in the substitution groups increased by 3.28, 7.48 and 1.62 yuan per day. respectively, compared with control group. It can be seen that the whole sugarcane is a kind of high-quality roughage that can be used by dairy cows with high digestibility, and using it to replace 25% or 50% of imported alfalfa from the Unites States in dairy cows' diet does not affect the rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen apparent digestibility of nutrients of dairy cows. And using whole sugarcane replacing 30% alfalfa hay, 50% oat hay or 10% concentrate will not affect the blood biochemical indicators and production performance of dairy cows, and will also increase the economic benefits of the dairy farm.     

全株甘蔗的奶牛瘤胃降解特性及其替代奶牛饲粮苜蓿、燕麦草及精料的应用研究

本试验旨在探究全株甘蔗的奶牛瘤胃降解特性及其替代奶牛饲粮中苜蓿、燕麦草及精料对奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质表观消化率、血液生化指标及生产性能的影响,为其替代奶牛饲粮中价格日益攀升的苜蓿和精饲料,并用作奶牛粗饲料资源开辟新途径。试验一采用半体内试验即瘤胃尼龙袋技术,探究了全株甘蔗、国产羊草与国产苜蓿各营养成分的瘤胃降解特性;试验二采用重复3×3拉丁方试验设计,选择体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相近并装有永久瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛进行消化试验,探究全株甘蔗替代饲粮25%或50%的美国进口苜蓿对奶牛营养物质消化率、瘤胃发酵特性和血液生化指标的影响;试验三选取60头胎次、产奶量和泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦奶牛进行生产试验,探究了全株甘蔗分别替代饲粮30%苜蓿干草、50%燕麦草或10%精料对奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标和牧场经济效益的影响。结果发现：1）全株甘蔗干物质（DM）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的有效降解率显著高于国产羊草（P<0.05）,中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和有机物（OM）的有效降解率显著高于国产羊草和国产苜蓿（P<0.05）。2）用全株甘蔗替代饲粮25%或50%美国进口苜蓿对奶牛瘤胃pH、氨态氮（NH₃-N）（除25%组4 h外）和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）含量无显著影响;对奶牛干物质采食量（DMI）及饲粮DM、粗蛋白质（CP）、OM和ADF消化率无显著影响,而全株甘蔗替代饲粮50%美国进口苜蓿组的NDF消化率显著升高（P<0.05）;全株甘蔗替代饲粮中50%美国进口苜蓿组2和8 h血清尿素氮含量显著低于25%组和对照组（P<0.05）,且各处理组不同时间点血液β-羟丁酸含量、瘤胃各VFA和总VFA含量均无显著差异。3）用全株甘蔗替代高产奶牛饲粮中50%燕麦草、30%苜蓿干草或10%精料对奶牛血液中的葡萄糖、尿素氮、β-羟丁酸和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）等含量及产奶量均无显著影响,且综合产奶量和饲料成本两方面的因素,各替代组分别比对照组每头奶牛的经济效益增加3.28、7.48和1.62元·d^-1。由此可知,全株甘蔗是一种可供奶牛食用的消化率较高的优质粗饲料,且用其替代饲粮中的25%或50%美国进口苜蓿不影响奶牛的瘤胃发酵特性和营养物质表观消化率;用其替代30%苜蓿干草、50%燕麦草或10%精料不会影响奶牛的血液生化指标及生产性能,还会提高牧场的经济效益。     

菜用大豆荚壳混合青贮饲喂荷斯坦牛的试验研究

本试验旨在研究菜用大豆荚壳混合青贮饲料对奶牛产奶量、乳品质和血液生化指标的影响。试验选取12头体况、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的奶牛,随机分为3组。对照组奶牛按牛场原有日粮和饲喂方式饲喂;试验Ⅰ组用6kg豆荚混合青贮饲料替代1.5kg苜蓿干草,试验Ⅱ组用9kg豆荚混合青贮饲料替代2.5kg苜蓿干草,其他均不作变动。结果表明:混合豆荚青贮饲料代替部分苜蓿干草对奶牛产奶量无显著影响,对乳蛋白、乳脂率、乳糖、非脂固形物和血液生化指标无显著影响。以产1kg标准乳计,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组可分别节约饲料成本0.08元和0.14元,可见利用混合豆荚青贮饲料替代部分苜蓿干草饲喂奶牛经济、可行。