小麦幼胚离体培养育种技术研究

利用小麦幼胚离体培养技术进行了育种试验,结果表明,烟台地区适宜外植体（幼胚）的有效胚龄期１４～２０ｄ最适胚龄期１６ｄ,培养历期为１２０～１５０ｄ;幼胚盾片应向上放置２,４－Ｄ浓度大小随基因型不同而有差异,一般在１～４ｍｇ／Ｌ时分化率最高,选择分化率高的优良基因型是创造变异,选择变异的关键,采用本技术能够创造较多的再生群体,并能较常见育种提高３～５年选育出优良小麦品系。     

花生胚珠离体培养的初步研究

采用4种培养基,六种激素,在光照或黑暗的条件下,对离体的花生原胚分裂期胚珠进行培养。结果表明:MS培养基更适宜胚珠离体生长;生长素类激素有利于离体胚珠膨大,细胞分裂素类激素能诱发胚珠壁产生愈伤组织,两者混合使用可促使形成幼苗。光照和活性炭对胚珠生长有利。     

小麦幼胚离体培养育种技术研究

利用小麦幼胚离体培养技术进行育种试验。结果表明,烟台地区适宜外植体（幼胚）的有效胚龄期为 １４～２０ ｄ,最适胚龄期 １６ ｄ,培养历期为 １２０～１５０ ｄ ;幼胚盾片应向上放置;２,４－ Ｄ 浓度大小随基因型不同而有差异,一般在 １～４ ｍ ｇ ／ Ｌ 时分化率最高;选择分化率高的优良基因型是创造变异、选择变异的关键。采用本技术能够创造较多的再生群体,并能较常规育种提前 ３～５ 年选育出优良小麦品系。     

小麦幼穗离体培养初步研究

小麦幼穗离体培养初步研究刘思衡，康水英，连秀叶，巫升鑫，郭玉春（福建农业大学农学系福州３５０００２）八十年代以来，我国小麦以幼胚、幼穗和成熟胚离体培养筛选拉赤霉病细胞突变体的研究日益增多，并逐渐形成生物技术育种的新体系（欧阳闻俊１９９０，吴志风等１９...     

小麦幼胚离体培养研究概况

小麦幼胚离体培养研究概况何花榕，杨惠杰（福建省农科院稻麦研究所）近年来，随着生物技术的发展，利用体细胞组织进行离体培养的研究和应用发展迅速。在几种主要禾本科农作物中，小麦体细胞组织培养的成功虽然比玉米和水稻略晚，但据近几年的报道，用小麦未成熟胚、幼穗...     

玉米子粒和果穗离体培养技术及其应用研究进展

本文对玉米籽粒离体培养技术及其在子粒发育生理研究中的应用进行了评述；并提出了果穗离体培养方法．     

安祖花的离体培养及快速繁殖

以安祖花（Anthurium andraeanum Lind)无菌苗叶，叶柄及茎段为外植体，在附加1mg/L的6－BA的改良MS培养基上经经光培养可诱导愈伤组织形成；在1／2MS＋NAA0.1mg/L 6-BA0.5mg/L的培养基上增殖其愈伤组织及诱导丛生芽；在1/2MS NAA0.05mg/L 6-BA0.5mg/L＋水解乳蛋白400mg/L上壮苗；在1／2MS＋NAA0.05mg/L 400mg/L活怀炭0．4％上生根，小苗移栽成活率高且生长良。     

大蒜鳞茎浸提液对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应

为探明大蒜鳞茎浸提液对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用,通过对大豆种子进行不同质量浓度(0,20,40,80,100 g·L^-1)大蒜鳞茎浸提液的处理,测定不同处理的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长、下胚轴长、植株鲜重、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量,并计算化感觉效应指数以及综合化感效应,探明大蒜鳞茎浸提液对大豆的化感效应。结果表明:大蒜鳞茎浸提液对大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长呈现低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的双重化感效应。浸提液质量浓度为20~40 g·L^-1时,对大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长具有一定的促进作用,SOD和CAT活性显著上升,MDA含量变化不大;浸提液质量浓度为80~100 g·L^-1时,对大豆种子和幼苗表现出明显的抑制作用,SOD和POD活性开始下降,MDA含量显著增加。此外,大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的各项指标对大蒜化感物质的敏感程度不同,以对根长的化感作用较为敏感,可作为衡量大蒜对大豆化感作用的评价指标。     

甘蓝显性雄性不育材料离体保存技术的研究

以甘蓝纯合显性不育材料(DGMS)03-01Z608-1、04Z521-12为试材,在18～20℃的环境条件下,研究不同的封口材料和方式、接种茎段类型及蔗糖浓度对甘蓝纯合DGMS材料离体保存的影响。结果表明：单芽茎段适合04Z521-12的保存,2～3芽茎段适合03Z-01Z608-1的保存;用封口膜＋塑料膜封口可延长继代周期;7%和4%的蔗糖浓度分别可延缓04Z521-12和03Z-01Z608-1的生长;将保存后的材料转入新鲜的培养基中,98%以上的茎段均能恢复生长。     

Aurasperone A Inhibits SARS CoV-2 In Vitro: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study

Several natural products recovered from a marine-derived Aspergillus niger were tested for their inhibitory activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro. Aurasperone A (3) was found to inhibit SARS CoV-2 efficiently (IC₅₀ = 12.25 µM) with comparable activity with the positive control remdesivir (IC₅₀ = 10.11 µM). Aurasperone A exerted minimal cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells (CC₅₀ = 32.36 mM, SI = 2641.5) and it was found to be much safer than remdesivir (CC₅₀ = 415.22 µM, SI = 41.07). To putatively highlight its molecular target, aurasperone A was subjected to molecular docking against several key-viral protein targets followed by a series of molecular dynamics-based in silico experiments that suggested M^pro to be its primary viral protein target. More potent anti-SARS CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors can be developed according to our findings presented in the present investigation.     

柱花草花药离体培养研究

以热研2号柱花草花药为外植体,研究不同植物生长调节剂 、培养基以及低温预处理等对柱花草花药培养的影响,以期建立柱花草花药培养体系,获得再生植株,为柱花草倍性、基因组学及分子生物学研究提供材料。结果表明：花药4 ℃低温预处理24 h诱导效果较好;N6培养基对愈伤组织的诱导效果比MS培养基好;最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基组合为N6＋2,4-D 0.5 mg/L＋KT1.0 mg/L;分化培养的最佳组合为MS＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋6-BA 3.0 mg/L。     

芦笋组培试管苗高产栽培技术

芦笋组培育苗具有苗质优、长势旺、产量高等优点。本文介绍了芦笋试管苗的苗圃假植及大田高产栽培技术,包括:种苗出圃与分级、合理稀植、病虫综合防治、平衡施肥、强化水分管理及合理采收等技术环节。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Extracts In Vitro

Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5–30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts.     

In Vitro Digestibility of Banana Starch Cookies

Banana starch was isolated and used for preparation of two types of cookies. Chemical composition and digestibility tests were carried out on banana starch and the food products, and these results were compared with corn starch. Ash, protein, and fat levels in banana starch were higher than in corn starch. The high ash amount in banana starch could be due to the potassium content present in this fruit. Proximal analysis was similar between products prepared with banana starch and those based on corn starch. The available starch content of the banana starch preparation was 60% (dmb). The cookies had lower available starch than the starches while banana starch had lower susceptibility to the in vitro -amylolysis reaction. Banana starch and its products had higher resistant starch levels than those made with corn starch.     

3份胡椒属种质花粉离体萌发研究

以海南蒟、大叶蒟和球穗胡椒的花粉为材料,研究了不同培养基和采样时间对花粉萌发率的影响。结果表明：3种胡椒种质花粉的最佳萌发条件分别为100 g/L蔗糖＋100 mg/L硼酸+600 mg/L Ca(NO3)2、100 g/L蔗糖＋100 mg/L硼酸＋300 mg/L Ca(NO3)2和100 g/L蔗糖＋200 mg/L硼酸＋300 mg/L Ca(NO3)2。ME3培养基抑制海南蒟和球穗胡椒花粉萌发,蔗糖、硼酸和Ca2+的协同作用可以提高胡椒花粉萌发率,硼酸的浓度需要控制在一定范围内(≤200mg/L     

Natural Marine Products: Anti-Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Colorectal cancer, a malignant tumor with high mortality, has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance and toxicity in clinical surgery and chemotherapy. Thus, finding safer and more efficient drugs for clinical trials is vital and urgent. Natural marine compounds, with rich resources and original chemical structures, are applied widely in anticancer treatments. We provide a systematic overview of recently reported marine compounds such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and carotenoids from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The in vitro studies summarized the marine origins and pharmacological mechanisms, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-migration, anti-invasion, the acceleration of cycle arrest, and the promotion of tumor apoptosis, of various compounds. The in vivo studies outlined the antitumor effects of marine compounds on colorectal cancer model mice and evaluated their efficacy in terms of tumor inhibition, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The clinical studies summarized the major chemical classifications and targets of action of the clinical drugs that have entered clinical approval and completed approval for marine anticancer. In summary, we present the current situation regarding the application of natural anti-colorectal cancer marine compounds and prospects for their clinical application.     

台湾落花生生产技术之演进

落花生为台湾主要杂粮作物之一,主要栽培在云林、彰化、嘉义地区,一年可种植二期作(春作、秋作),早期缺乏良好栽培技术及优良品种,导致产量低落;现今则是经由品种改良栽培技术成熟发展,造就仍维持每年栽培面积在20～25khm2,年总产量51～70kt。台湾落花生栽培史上演进重要改变为:1、过去新品种多来自引种或选种,目前则采用杂交育种;2、荚果采收,由人工收获提升为机械采收,甚至荚果烘箱干燥取代人工日晒;3、田间由原本平畦栽培,配合机械整地、播种、灌溉及采收而改为作畦栽培,提高效能;4、病虫害防治,早期并无任何防治工作,现今则普遍被使用在整个花生生育期,以提高产量。