百百鳞茎解除休眠与花期调控的研究

探讨了亚洲百合杂种系（Asiatic hybrids）‘新中心（Nove Cento）’在12℃冷藏过程中冷处理时间长短与花芽分化、花期调控之间的关系.结果表明：从冷藏开始至60 d,冷藏时间越长,鳞茎解除休眠所需时间越短,冷藏45 d以上,可完全解除鳞茎休眠;百合的花芽分化从冷藏45 d开始,栽植后30d基本完成;冷处理时间越长,百合植株开花越早,花茎越矮,而且还会出现二次抽薹开花的现象.     

百合鳞茎解除休眠与花期调控的研究

探讨了亚洲百合杂种系(Asiatic hybrids)‘新中心(Nove Cento)’在12℃冷藏过程中冷处理时间长短与花芽分化、花期调控之间的关系。结果表明:从冷藏开始至60d,冷藏时间越长,鳞茎解除休眠所需时间越短,冷藏45d以上,可完全解除鳞茎休眠;百合的花芽分化从冷藏45d开始,栽植后30d基本完成;冷处理时间越长,百合植株开花越早,花茎越矮,而且还会出现二次抽薹开花的现象。     

穿龙薯蓣种子催芽与育苗技术的研究

以穿龙薯蓣种子为试材,研究低温和赤霉素处理对种子的活力和休眠特性的影响,播种的覆土适宜深度和幼苗的适宜光照强度。结果表明:种子-5℃冷藏20 d即可打破休眠,赤霉素对种子休眠的解除有一定的促进作用。对低温解除休眠的种子,其幼苗长势较强。播种覆土以1.5~2.0 cm为宜,70%透光率有助于幼苗生长。     

激素处理对百合鳞茎打破休眠及促进开花的效应

用GA350mg/L CEPA100mg/L KT100mg/L组合处理冷藏的百合鳞茎，能缩短冷藏时间，打破休眠，促进开花；加入丙酮溶剂可以提高激素处理的效果。     

郁金香鳞茎低温处理效应初报

以9个郁金香品种,橙色皇后、Buryurdy lace、GOT、王子、寒壳、卡罗拉、Kaiserin.M.Tneresia、普林梅尔、古利特等为材料,对郁金香鳞茎打破休眠的需冷量特性进行研究.结果表明:在5℃条件下,鳞茎萌芽时间随低温处理时间的延长而缩短,两者为负相关,且鳞茎的萌芽率较高,长势也较好;随着低温处理时间的增长,生育期逐渐缩短,与处理时间呈显著负相关;冷藏时间越长花茎高度越高,两者呈现明显的正相关;不同时间低温处理下郁金香鳞茎产子球量与处理时间成正比,处理时间越长产子球量越多;明确了9种郁金香的确切需冷量.     

赤霉素处理打破虎眼万年青休眠的研究

试验以虎眼万年青子鳞茎为材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,对其进行不同温度、不同赤霉素浓度的打破休眠试验,探讨赤霉素和温度对打破虎眼万年青休眠效果,以确定打破虎眼万年青子鳞茎休眠的最适赤霉素浓度和适宜温度。结果表明:赤霉素浓度为100~150 mg/L时打破休眠的效果好并且长势好,低温结合赤霉素处理对打破虎眼万年青休眠的效果更好,能极显著地提高虎眼万年青子鳞茎的出苗率。     

不同低温处理对百合鳞茎萌芽及花期的影响

探讨了不同低温处理:4、8、12℃对新铁炮百合‘雷山’(Lilium formolongi‘Raizan’)鳞茎萌芽及花期的影响。结果表明:低温冷藏期间,处理温度越高,顶芽在鳞茎内萌动越早,顶芽和新根的生长速度越快。经不同低温处理后栽植,百合鳞茎发芽所需时间和植株生育期长短分别与低温处理时间呈显著负相关关系,随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,鳞茎发芽快且整齐,株高、茎粗、花期的一致性好。低温处理时间不足,会导致百合鳞茎发芽和植株生长不整齐,甚至栽植当年不能出苗,从而延长生育周期。在4~12℃条件下,解除‘雷山’鳞茎休眠的合适低温处理时间是5周。     

猬实种子休眠特性研究

以国家三级保护植物猬实果实为试验材料,应用扫描电镜和石蜡切片进行形态解剖观察,通过吸胀和果皮胚乳抑制物测试等方法探讨了休眠原因,并采用硫酸、赤霉素处理及低温层积处理进行了打破休眠的试验.结果表明:(1)猬实具有坚硬厚实的果皮,机械束缚是休眠的主要原因;(2)胚乳中含有萌发抑制物质,沙藏或赤霉素处理可有效解除其生理休眠;(3)打破猬实休眠的最佳方法为:浓硫酸处理15 min,并用400 mg·L-1赤霉素处理,或仅用4 ℃沙藏30 d.     

低温冷藏对番红花花芽中碳水化合物和氨基酸含量的影响

以番红花鳞茎为试材,进行不同变温处理,采用蒽酮比色法、3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法和高速氨基酸自动分析仪,测定不同时间段花芽内可溶性糖、淀粉、淀粉酶和游离氨基酸含量,探讨低温冷藏与番红花发芽休眠解除之间的关系。结果表明:处理30 d后,可溶性糖含量急剧上升,淀粉含量急剧下降,α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性均表现出与可溶性糖含量相似的变化趋势;5℃/10℃处理30 d后花芽中可溶性蛋白质含量显著上升,精氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著下降;3个处理的谷氨酸含量均呈现整体上升趋势;多项测定指标之间呈显著或极显著相关。由此可知,番红花花芽经30 d低温处理后开始解除休眠,且以5℃/10℃处理效果最佳。     

利用转录组测序分析外源GA_3解除大蒜气生鳞茎休眠相关基因

利用外源GA_3打破'金乡'大蒜气生鳞茎休眠,采用高通量测序技术对休眠气生鳞茎和GA_3处理气生鳞茎进行转录组测序,分析筛选响应外源GA_3的差异表达基因,探究差异表达基因与GA_3解除气生鳞茎休眠的关系。结果表明:外源GA_3可有效打破气生鳞茎休眠;通过转录组测序得到上调差异基因4 588个,下调差异基因55 857个;28 107个差异表达基因在KEGG中获得注释,其中在代谢途径中获得注释的差异基因最多,其次为遗传信息处理途径。差异表达基因较多的富集于植物激素信号转导途径且富集结果显著;筛选出参与GA、ABA、ZR信号转导的显著差异表达基因GAI、SLR1、PP2C等,其表达情况与气生鳞茎内源激素含量的变化情况一致,推测外源GA_3可通过抑制GA信号途径负调控因子DELLA基因的表达,激活赤霉素的生物合成及信号转导过程,使气生鳞茎休眠解除,同时PYL的表达量显著降低,从而使得脱落酸含量相对降低,有利于休眠解除;qRT-PCR验证结果显示测序结果和实际结果一致。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。