黑芝麻增效栽培技术要点

正黑芝麻药食两用,含油45%～55%、蛋白质20%以上,富含多种不饱和脂肪酸和人体所需的矿物质等,具有保健、美颜、乌发、提高人体免疫力等功效,广泛用于食品加工、医疗保健、化妆品、制药等,市场需求较大,有条件的农户可进行栽培。一、适地选择和良种选用     

香茹柄密饯制作工艺

香菇柄营养丰富,含有多种人体必需的营养素,具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、提高人体免疫力的作用.但是,目前香菇柄除极少量被加工成汤料外,大部分菇柄仍被废弃,没有充分得到开发利用,如将香菇柄制成蜜饯,则可使其经济价值大大提高.具体方法如下.     

金银花治病有五方

金银花含有氯原酸、黄酮类物质等,是一种作用较强的抗菌抗炎症植物。如果患了以下五种病,不妨试用金银花治疗,方法如下: 1.治菌痢、肠炎:金银花50克,土黄连25克,水煎服。 2.治流感高热:金银花10克,凤尾草30克,地胆头30克,甘草10克,水煎服。     

香菇食用与药用价值

1香菇营养成分 香菇含有30多种酶和18种氨基酸,在人体必需的8种氨基酸中,香菇就含有7种,其中,富含精氨酸和赖氨酸,具有增智健脑作用.因此,香菇可作为人体酶缺乏症和补充氨基酸的首选食品,因香菇中富含谷氨酸以及一般食品罕见的一些氨基酸,故而称之为极具开发的珍贵食用药用真菌.     

香菇柄蜜饯制作工艺

香菇柄营养丰富,含有多种人体必需的营养素,具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、提高人体免疫力的作用。但是,目前香菇柄除极少量被加工成汤料外,大部分菇柄仍被废弃,没有充分得到开发利用,如将香菇柄制成蜜饯,则可使其经济价值大大提高。具体方法如下。(1)原料处理选新鲜、未变质的香菇柄,剪     

银耳脆片微波真空干燥工艺的研究

以银耳为原料,研究银耳脆片即食休闲食品的制作工艺.根据银耳的营养特色、理化特性和加工特性,优化了银耳脆片微波干燥前浸渍液的最佳配方及工艺条件;根据银耳脆片的感官特性,优化了微波干燥的工艺条件.通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定了银耳脆片加工过程中浸渍液的最佳配方为:糖质量分数10％,酸质量分数0.03％,煮制时间15 min,微波功率750W,微波干燥时间20 min,由此制得的银耳脆片具有较好的口感.在理化指标的测定中,银耳脆片的含水量为14.4％,脂肪质量分数为1.2％,银耳多糖质量分数为23.08％.     

发酵香菇香肠生产工艺

在我国全面建设小康社会的进程中,人们对食品,特别是肉制品的要求越来越高.不仅要求它具有良好的口味,还要求它具有营养和保健等方面的功能.因此,传统的香肠正受到挑战,开发大众需要的功能性特色香肠的任务就摆在我们面前.由于香菇具有味道鲜美、营养丰富、富含纤维等独特的生理功能,而有较高的药用价值.以香菇等为主要原料,通过乳酸菌发酵,从而使香菇香肠兼具营养和保健的功能.……     

苦荞麦的药理作用与食疗

我国传统医学和现代医学都证实,苦荞麦具有减肥美容,降血糖、降血脂、降血压,舒肝和胃的功效,具有很高的食用价值和药用价值,长期食用能增强人体免疫力,预防心血管疾病,抗菌消炎,防癌抗氧化。苦荞麦是集"营养、保健、医疗"于一体的天然功能食品。     

树莓营养果冻的研制

树莓是近年来发展最快的第三代水果,被世界誉为“黄金水果“.树莓富含果糖、维生素、氨基酸等营养成分,具有提高人体免疫力、美容、抗衰老、抗癌、解热镇痛、抗血凝和减少脑血栓发病率等保健药用功能.……     

果桑优质丰产栽培技术

<正>果桑是以结果为主、果叶兼用桑树的统称。研究证明,果桑的果实桑葚营养成分丰富并具有多种医疗保健功能,其富含活性蛋白、果糖、氨基酸、维生素、果酸、果胶、胡萝卜素、花青素、矿物质、白藜芦醇等成分,营养是苹果的5~6倍、葡萄的4倍,具有延缓衰老、美容养颜、提高人体免疫力等多种功效,口味鲜美,被誉为"21世纪最佳保健果品之一""民间圣果"。果桑果叶兼用,果实既可鲜食,又可加工开发     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.