公共财政对广东林业支持的政策研究

根据西方国家公共财政基本理论和我国林业的特点与实际,论证了林业的公益属性与公共财政支持林业的必要性,初步确立了应纳入公共财政支持范围的林业部门财政预算项目,并对广东财政支持林业的现状和公共财政的支出规模等问题进行了探讨。     

云南省大力扶持特色产业发展

为加快云南省林业发展，合理调整林业产业结构，促进林区农民增收，经省政府批准，云南省财政投入1亿元建立了全省林业产业发展专项资金，专项用于扶持全省林业产业的发展。2004年7月，全省启动了第一批林业产业发展专项资金项目，共筛选项目50个，补助资金2955万元，现有部分项目已竣工验收。2005年11月，又下达了第二批林业产业发展专项资金项目计划，主要扶持对象是以核桃为主的特色经济林、竹藤、非木材等产业，     

树种结构调整方案设计初探——以平和县长乐乡农家村规划设计为例

通过对2012年度长乐乡林业专项资金补助项目树种结构调整方案的规划设计,提出了一整套树种结构调整的营林技术措施,便于推广应用。     

认清形势、抓住机遇,全面开创我省林业建设的新局面——对在新形势下实现我省林业跨跃式发展的几点意见

党中央、国务院高度重视林业建设 ,把改善生态环境提高到战略地位。以退耕还林、天然林保护等六大国家重点生态工程的实施为标志 ,我国林业的任务和定位 ,实现了从林木采伐到资源保护 ,从以产业为主向以公益事业为主的历史性转变。最近国家又出台了我们企盼几十年的影响和制约我国林业发展的森林生态效益补助资金制度 ,并把此项资金纳入国家公共财政预算 ,为我国林业生态建设注入了新的活力 ,为林业发展提供了长期稳定的政策保证和资金支持。森林生态效益补助资金将同国家投巨资建设的六大生态工程一起 ,必将使我国林业建设驶上快车道。党中…     

论林业与公共财政的关系及其基本框架的构建

公共财政是今后我国财政改革的目标和方向,其改革内容必然会涉及到国民经济的各个领域,这为林业的发展提供了前所未有的机遇。本文以林业与公共财政的关系为切入点,进而对林业与公共财政收入、林业与公共财政支出关系的基本框架进行了探讨。     

普洱市:特色林产业产值50亿惠及林农190万

正一、核桃产业全市目前已种植核桃160万亩,投产近50万亩,进入盛果期近16万亩,年产量达上万吨,年综合产值近6亿元。林业主管部门整合育林基金、植被恢复费、陡坡地治理资金、巩固退耕还林成果资金、低效林改造资金,不断加大对核桃产业的扶持力度,近年来在核桃产业上投入的补助资金超过2亿元。2012年,市政府安排专项资金,以每亩补助250元的标准,支持示范种植美国山核桃     

浅议林业国债专项资金管理

2001年国家林业局提出了“以六大工程带动大发展,实现林业跨越式发展”的新时期林业发展的基本思路,确立了新时期林业建设六大工程,并被列入国家“十五”计划。随着林业六大工程的实施,国家对林业的投入明显增加,其中林业国债专项资金占相当大的比重。仅浙江省衢州市,2001～200     

政府投资与林业发展

认为中国林业是公共财政框架下政府扶持的重点领域。以“林业基本建设投资”为主要分析指标,从基本建设投资角度回顾中国政府投资林业的历史进程,指出随着六大林业重点工程的相继启动,政府对林业投资额度大幅增加,产生了很好的示范效应。在总结中国政府投资林业的主要经验和不足的基础上,提出政府应将林业的投资纳入公共财政预算体系,探索非国有公益林赎买方案,调动各经营主体发展林业的积极性。     

关于林业政策调整和机制转轨问题

论述了林业进行政策调整、机制转轨的必要性 ,认为外部政策调整和机制转轨的核心是财政支持 ,要从根本上解决财政对林业支持的政策和机制问题 ,国家正在进行建立公共财政体制的改革 ,成为解决这一问题的时机。林业内部重要的是实施林业分类经营。真正实施林业分类经营要做好 5个方面的工作。     

林业资产管理问题浅探

随着生态环境建设步伐的加快,林业建设出现了前所未有的大好局面,投入林业建设的资金随着“林业跨越式发展”战略的确定,正在成倍增长。国家用于林业建设的资金大幅度增加,仅湖南省2002年获得中央投入资金就有十多亿元,比上年翻了一番。如何用好各项林业建设资金,管好原有各项林业资产,是各级林业部门都必须认真考虑的问题。一、加强监督检查,形成一套科学规范的管理制度林业专项资金和林业资产是林业财务管理的主要对象,建立资金分配、支付和实物资产管理“一体化”的理财新机制,是当前林业财务工作需要研究的重要课题之一。必须通过预算编…     

浅谈林业站在生态公益林保护管理中的作用

论述了基层林业站在生态公益林保护管理中的作用 ,总结了森林生态效益补助资金试点工作开展以来成功的经验 ,提出存在的问题与解决的措施     

中美日林业投融资比较及启示

作为中国重要的基础产业和公益事业,林业正处在建设发展的新阶段。林业资金缺口已经对林业可持续发展形成了一定制约,中国林业投融资体系有待进一步创新和完善。文中对比分析中国、美国、日本3国林业投融资现状,发现中国林业投融资存在高度依赖财政投入、融资渠道单一、未有效利用资本市场等问题;在此基础上提出几点启示:完善国家持续的林业公共财政投入体系、优化投向结构,减少信贷约束、扩大信贷覆盖范围,有效利用资本市场、创新多元的投融资渠道。     

我国林业工程项目和资金管理机制的探讨

立足我国林业实际,提出我国林业项目主体和林主的概念,以及林业项目管理机制创新思路,针对林业项目和资金管理现状提出了改进措施,主要包括更新项目规划理念、改进项目规划设计,改革项目和资金管理制度,充分调动林主的积极性等,以期为林业工程项目的建设和资金管理提供帮助。     

The forest planning system in relation to the forest resource and forestry policies

The current forest planning system of Japan has been in place since the formulation of the Forest Law back in 1897. During this time, although addressing specified forests as demonstrated in the system for protection forests, in a more general sense, the execution of the forest planning system has placed forestry management at the core. In other words, it has instead been forest administration delivered in a manner relevant to forestry management. This trend is exhibited in, for instance, policies for the reorganization of common forest, the forest management planning system, forest owners associations, the proceeds-sharing reforestation system, cooperative silviculture management, and valley forestry revitalization; which have all been implemented.In this paper I review the results of these practices and explore the contemporary forest owners pattern of behavior. I also discuss the passive attitudes among forest owners, especially in comparison with the attitudes prevalent during the postwar reforestation era, continuing up to the 1960s, and the current tendency towards neglect in the afforested areas, as well as the increasing number of forest owners giving up forestry practice.In the postwar era (up to the 1960s), forestry had been following an upward trend of development that motivated forest owners to afforest, as this was the optimal choice for increasing the familys stocks for future generations (in the manner of holding an asset), and thus a rapid expansion of plantation forests resulted. By the 1970s, when domestic wood supply became less than a half of all domestic wood demand (it is still declining now), forest owners gradually began to lose interest in reforestation and care of the forest as a method of increasing assets. The current share of domestic wood supply in total consumption has dropped to 20%, and the annual cut volume is only 23% of the annual volume increment.Forests are as much a public property as they are private and, moreover, represent a globally significant resource. Active stewardship, such as materializing internationally agreed notions of sustainable forest management, promoting forest certification systems, and complying with the Kyoto Protocol, are now important issues, both domestically and internationally.The paradoxical gap between current forestry trends and public aspirations for forests is widening with each year, thus creating a grave social problem. I have been focusing on forestry revitalization as the primary step towards the resolution of this issue. As the logical basis for executing this policy, I review the relations between forest resource policies and forestry policies.At the same time, by reviewing the forest planning system and its developmental process, I sought to investigate what new policies would fulfill the need to realize the public functions of forests while revitalizing forestry, form the point of view of forestry policies and their influence on the forest planning system. I have concluded that there is a case for separating forest management from forest ownership in units of forest compartments; namely to establish an incorporative management system by which forest owners can invest in their stands.     

建立林业贷款担保机制促进信贷资金对林业产业的发展

为进一步加快江西省林业产业化发展,建设林业产业强省,实现生态效益、经济效益和社会效益多赢的目标,必须建立林业产业发展所匹配的贷款担保机制,促进林业产业发展对信贷资金的需求。以及从"十五"以来,林业贷款落实难面临着许多实际难题。对此,要求各地林业主管部门解放思想、与时俱进,创新管理与服务机制,对新时期落实林业贷款的新途径、新办法进行有益尝试。     

Characterizing the sustainable forestry issue network in the United States

Issue network analysis techniques were applied to the issue of sustainable forestry in the United States to identify potential public and private outcomes for the issue. A quantitative approach based on work by Laumann and Knoke [The Organizational State (1987)] was utilized in conjunction with the Delphi method. Results suggest that the parity in the distribution of influence among network sectors means that moving the issue of sustainable forestry onto the formal policy agenda will require more consensus on problems and solutions than exists at the present time. Accordingly, broad policy actions resulting from the expansion of the issue of sustainable forestry are unlikely in the short-term. However, experts on the Delphi panel anticipate that changes will occur in response to sustainability issues. At the federal and state level, this is likely to result in changes to public forest management and to the objectives assigned to the USDA Forest Service and to the state forestry agencies. States are projected to draft new and to change old private forest practices regulations as a result of sustainable forestry concerns. In the private sector, the trend of applying criteria and indicator-based sustainable forestry management standards and certification programs will continue. Non-industrial private forest owners are projected to make the fewest direct accommodations. Finally, where directly comparable, the Delphi study's results were not significantly different from the quantitative approach, suggesting that Delphi has promise for network research applications.     

"十五"期间江西林业投资分析

“十五”期间江西林业投资规模和投资结构都有一定的变化,总投资较“九五”时期增长2.86倍,投资效果显著。文章分析“十五”期间江西林业投资中存在的主要问题,提出以下建议:拓展生态林业建设的投融资渠道,整合各类林业生态建设资金,完善商品林业发展的市场化运作机制,建立投融资风险约束机制,以提高林业投资效益。     

Modeling landowner participation in a proposed reforestation loan program

The absence of available credit to finance reforestation investments among NIPF landowners has been one of the contributing reasons why landowners do not reforest after harvest. Financial assistance programs are therefore a solution to initiating reforestation investments. However, previous studies indicate many landowners are not actively participating in existing government assistance programs. This paper examines reforestation loans as an alternative financial assistance program. Landowner participation in a proposed reforestation loan program is modeled using logistic regression. Results indicate that landowner participation in the program is influenced by ownership size, socio-demographic characteristics, and availability of other forestry incentive and assistance programs.     

林业科技成果转化的若干思考

本文对我国林业科技成果转化现状进行了初步分析，认为制约我国林业科技成果转化的主要因子是市场机制不健全；林业科研机构自身适应能力差；企业对科技成果的吸收力弱；技术扩散体系不完善；人才面临危机，投入严重不足。提出了加快林业科技成果转化的４个动力因素即；变供应型科研为需求型科研；确立企业的技术开发主体地位；形成有效的技术扩散机制；加强宏观调控，加快人才培养，确保科技投入。重点探讨了５种不同的转化模式即：自主开发、政府驱动、金融支持、合作开发以及引进、吸收、消化模式